6-DOF MOTION AND CENTER OF ROTATION ESTIMATION BASED ON STEREO VISION

A new motion model and estimation algorithm is proposed to compute the general rigid motion object＇s 6-DOF motion parameters and center of rotation based on stereo vision. The object＇s 6-DOF motion model is designed from the rigid object＇s motion character under the two defined reference frames. According to the rigid object＇s motion model and motion dynamics knowledge, the corresponding motion algorithm to compute the 6-DOF motion parameters is worked out. By the rigid object pure rotation motion model and space sphere geometry knowledge, the center of rotation may be calculated after eliminating the translation motion out of the 6-DOF motion. The motion equations are educed based on the motion model and the closed-form solutions are figured out. To heighten the motion estimation algorithm＇s robust, RANSAC algorithm is applied to delete the outliers. Simulation and real experiments are conducted and the experiment results are analyzed. The results prove the motion model＇s correction and algorithm＇s validity.

Rotational parameters estimation of maneuvering target in ISAR imaging

The rotational parameters estimation of maneuvering target is the key of cross-range scaling of ISAR （inverse synthetic aperture radar）, which can be used in the target feature extraction. The cross-range signal model of rotating target with fixed acceleration is presented and the weighted linear least squares estimation of rotational parameters with fixed velocity or acceleration is proposed via the relationship of cross-range FM （frequency modulation） parameter, scatterers coordinates and rotational parameters. The FM parameter is calculated via RWT （Radon-Wigner transform）. The ISAR imaging and cross-range scaling based on scaled RWT imaging method are implemented after obtaining rotational parameters. The rotational parameters estimation and cross-range scaling are validated by the ISAR processing of experimental radar data, and the method presents good application foreground to the ISAR imaging and scaling of maneuvering target.

Temporal-spatial subspaces modern combination method for 2D-DOA estimation in MIMO radar

A 2D-direction of arrival estimation (DOAE) for multi input and multi-output (MIMO) radar using improved multiple temporal-spatial subspaces in estimating signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques method (TS-ESPRIT) is introduced. In order to realize the improved TS-ESPRIT, the proposed algorithm divides the planar array into multiple uniform sub-planar arrays with common reference point to get a unified phase shifts measurement point for all sub-arrays. The TS-ESPRIT is applied to each sub-array separately, and in the same time with the others to realize the parallelly temporal and spatial processing, so that it reduces the non-linearity effect of model and decreases the computational time. Then, the time difference of arrival (TDOA) technique is applied to combine the multiple sub-arrays in order to form the improved TS-ESPRIT. It is found that the proposed method achieves high accuracy at a low signal to noise ratio (SNR) with low computational complexity, leading to enhancement of the estimators performance.

Low-complexity method for DOA estimation based on ESPRIT

A low-complexity method for direction of arrival（DOA） estimation based on estimation signal parameters via rotational invariance technique（ESPRIT） is proposed.Instead of using the cross-correlation vectors in multistage Wiener filter（MSWF）,the orthogonal residual vectors obtained in conjugate gradient（CG） method span the signal subspace used by ESPRIT.The computational complexity of the proposed method is significantly reduced,since the signal subspace estimation mainly needs two matrixvector complex multiplications at the iteration of data level.Furthermore,the prior training data are not needed in the proposed method.To overcome performance degradation at low signal to noise ratio（SNR）,the expanded signal subspace spanned by more basis vectors is used and simultaneously renders ESPRIT yield redundant DOAs,which can be excluded by performing ESPRIT once more using the unexpanded signal subspace.Compared with the traditional ESPRIT methods by MSWF and eigenvalue decomposition（EVD）,numerical results demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed method.

MULTI-INVARIANCE ESPRIT-LIKE ALGORITHMS FOR COHERENT DOA ESTIMATION

Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique(ESPRIT) algorithm can estimate Direction-Of-Arrival(DOA) of coherent signal,but its performance can not reach full satisfaction.We reconstruct the received signal to form data model with multi-invariance property,and multi-invariance ESPRIT algorithm for coherent DOA estimation is proposed in this paper.The proposed algorithm can resolve the DOAs of coherent signals and performs better in DOA estimation than that of ESPRIT-like algorithm.Meanwhile,it identifies more DOAs than ESPRIT-like algorithm.The simulation results demonstrate its validity.

High Resolution Multipath Time Delay Estimation Based on FLOCCS-ESPRIT

The non-Gaussian α-stable distribution is introduced to model impulsive noise. Based on the theory of fractional lower order statistics (FLOS), the fractional lower order cross-covariance (FLOCC) sequence for two received signals is obtained and the fractional lower order cross-covariance spectrum (FLOCCS) can be approached by taking a Fourier transform for the FLOCC sequence. When the FLOCCS is treated as a sequence in the time domain, the problem of multipath time delay estimation (TDE) may be converted into one on multi-frequencies estimation or directions of arrival estimation. Accordingly, the high resolution multipath TDE can be realized with the ESPRIT technology. This idea on multipath TDE is referred to as FLOCCS-ESPRIT in this paper. Computer simulations show that this method has good performance both in a Gaussian noise and in an impulsive noise environment.

Low-Complexity DOA Estimation of Noncircular Signals for Coprime Sensor Arrays

This paper presents a low?complexity method for the direction?of?arrival(DOA)estimation of noncircular signals for coprime sensor arrays.The noncircular property is exploited to improve the performance of DOA estimation.To reduce the computational complexity,the rotational invariance propagator method(RIPM)is included in the algorithm.First,the extended array output is reconstructed by combining the array output and its conjugated counterpart.Then,the RIPM is utilized to obtain two sets of DOA estimates for two subarrays.Finally,the true DOAs are estimated by combining the consistent results of the two subarrays.This illustrates the potential gain that both noncircularity and coprime arrays provide when considered together.The proposed algorithm has a lower computational complexity and a better DOA estimation performance than the standard estimation of signal parameters by the rotational invariance technique and Capon algorithm.Numerical simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.

Synchronization for the Environment of OFDM Cooperative Communications Based on Preamble Design and Phase Rotation

Timing and carrier frequency offset estimation are critical issue for OFDM cooperative communications. In view of the complexity and high accuracy requirement, 1/2 and 1/4 pilot symbol cycle CAZAC sequence structures are defined as the pilot frequency sequence. Estimation within one symbol cycle is carried out through averaging samples of two neighboring symbol cycles, after which the operation is expanded to all the symbol cycles in one band group. Taking multipath effect into account, the concept of phase rotation is proposed for a further step. Adjust the phase difference of estimated symbols by phase rotation, and cross estimation could be done. Meanwhile, timing scheme works within one cycle training sequence. Theoretical and simulation analysis indicate that CRLB does not only relate to estimation symbol length, but also be influenced by phase difference of estimation symbols seriously. In the condition that the length of estimation is fixed, the bigger the phase rotation angle is, the smaller the CRLB is. The complexity of proposed algorithm is less than full cycle average estimation method for almost 50%. Meanwhile, the estimation accuracy is approximate with the full cycle average estimation method as well. Timing scheme with the defined preamble structure is also proposed. Simulation proves its efficiency.

State Estimation for Sound and Vibration Emitted from a Machine Based on Sound Measurement Under Existenceof Background Noise

Many studies on the diagnosis for machines have become important recently because of increased use of various complex industrial systems.The correlation information between sound and vibration is very important for machine diagnosis.Usually,vibration pickups are attached directly to the machine in order to measure vibration data.However,in some cases,the sensors can not be attached directly on highly precise devices.In this study,a method to estimate the fluctuation of sound and vibration is proposed based on the measurement data of sound emitted from the machine under existence of background noise.The effectiveness of the proposed theory is experimentally confirmed by applying it to the observed data emitted from a rotational machine driven by an electric motor.

基于分层空间一致性的旋转双目立体校正算法

在旋转双目立体视觉系统中,转台机械间隙导致的左右相机旋转平移偏差,造成立体校正图像的严重畸变。针对该问题,提出一种基于分层空间一致性的旋转双目立体校正算法。采用ORB特征在原始左右图像中进行快速全局立体匹配,设计一种新的特征点全局双层约束,实现匹配点的优选。提出基于内点邻域空间一致性的局部校验方法,实现二次匹配优化,并利用质量排序的优化匹配点集,由八点法基础矩阵估计算法计算左右相机的精确位姿关系,以此完成图像的立体校正。在Oxford和SYNTIM数据集上的典型算法对比实验,验证了所提算法的性能。多角度立体校正实验表明:所提算法可适应光轴夹角变化,在双目最大45°夹角时保证立体校正的质量,匹配点偏差小于0.2像素。

基于总体最小二乘-旋转不变算法的地表核磁共振信号参数估计

在地表核磁共振(SNMR)找水系统中,根据SNMR信号的参数能够预估地下含水层的储水量、导电性以及孔隙结构等信息。然而在实际应用中探测现场采集的SNMR信号十分微弱,易受到环境噪声干扰,导致无法直接获取SNMR信号的参数。针对这一问题,该文提出基于总体最小二乘-旋转不变法(TLS-ESPRIT)的地表核磁共振信号参数估计方法。基于谐波噪声与SNMR信号的相似信号特征构成一个由多个正弦衰减信号叠加的混合信号模型,使用TLS-ESPRIT将混合信号参数提取问题转换为旋转不变矩阵的广义特征值求解,从而获得SNMR信号的拉莫尔频率和弛豫时间,并结合最小二乘法求得其初始振幅和相位。仿真信号和实测信号实验结果表明此方法能够估计出混有随机噪声和工频谐波噪声的SNMR信号的参数,相比传统的谐波建模方法,在参数提取精度上效果更好。

基于奇异值滤波的旋转装备转速提取

课题组针对无硬件测量设备的振动信号转速信息提取算法中存在频带不易确定和运算量大等问题,提出一种奇异值分解滤波的转速估计方法。先将振动加速度信号先作Hankel重构,再奇异值分解,然后利用差分奇异谱确定重构奇异分量,依据连续两个奇异分量确定一个频率成分,重构各频率分量信号,最后对重构分量作频谱分析估计当前转速。实验表明:奇异值分解滤波能有效提取信号中的频率分量,进而从振动加速度信号中提取转速信息。对比实验证明了课题组提出的方法具有频带自适应、易于实现和精度高的优势。

基于旋转弹体的非理想阵列测向技术研究

[目的]针对旋转弹测向系统在飞行过程中由强杂波环境带来的误差干扰进行研究,提出一种实时校正的波达方向(DOA)估计算法。[方法]该算法利用阵列旋转角度这一先验条件,基于最大似然(ML)准则,实现对共形阵列误差和信号空域-极化域参数的联合估计。[结果]仿真实验表明,该算法对存在方位依赖的幅相不一致性误差的阵列系统,可以实现在线的误差和信号参数联合估计,且该算法的估计性能均与阵列平台旋转次数和信噪比(SNR)相关,当旋转次数达到24以上时,在低信噪比为10 dB情况下空域参数估计误差在1°以下。[结论]所提算法采用分维交替处理的思路来解决多参数估计问题,在保证参数收敛的同时大幅降低了运算的复杂度。

基于双惯导协同的误差参数估计与融合算法

针对无外界参考信息的双惯导系统长期使用后系统参数发生变化导致导航精度降低,且系统间缺少信息融合的问题,提出了一种同等精度双惯导协同误差估计与信息融合算法。首先以两套旋转式惯导间相对速度误差与位置误差作为观测量,建立包含陀螺和加速度计零偏的导航误差模型。然后分析了不同转序下各状态量的可观测性,采用Kalman滤波对各参数进行有效估计,估计完成后对双惯导系统进行误差补偿及信息融合。仿真结果表明,所提算法对陀螺零偏估计精度优于0.002(°)/h,加速度计零偏估计精度优于4μg,在抑制误差发散的同时,提高了旋转式惯导导航精度。

基于带相移角双输入陷波器的磁悬浮转子转速估计方法

针对磁悬浮转子在主动振动抑制过程中需要获取转子的实时转速信息,而某些情况下存在转速传感器失效或无法安装转速传感器的问题,提出了一种带相移角双输入陷波器的磁悬浮转子转速估计方法。首先,对磁悬浮转子进行了动力学建模,建立了转子广义坐标系和传感器坐标系的变换关系;然后,经过理论推导验证了该算法可以利用转子径向两通道位移输出相互正交的特性,准确估计出转子的转速,并在调整相移角后于整个转速范围内实现了转速估计的目的;此外,为了提高转速估计的准确性,在转速估计中加入了一阶惯性环节;最后,在磁轴承平台上进行了实验验证,尤其是对于磁悬浮转子转速极低的情况进行了验证。研究结果表明:该算法在2400 r/min和3000 r/min转速下的收敛时间分别提升了0.21 s和4.01 s,精度提高了87.4%,当转速发生变化时最快仅需0.15 s即可响应变化,且在极低速时仍可完成对转速的估计;该算法能够实现对转子转速的快速高精度估计。

基于改进LADRC的永磁同步电机转速控制

传统比例积分(proportional-integral,PI)控制器在永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)矢量控制中,存在转速超调和抗外部扰动能力差的问题。针对这一问题,设计了一种能提高自抗扰控制器对内外扰动观测精度的线性扩张状态观测器(linear extended state estimator,LESO),并在此基础上设计了用于PMSM转速控制的线性自抗扰控制(linear active disturbance rejection control,LADRC)系统。通过仿真和实验,验证了基于改进LADRC的PMSM矢量控制系统能达到更高的观测精度,实现转速的快速无超调的高精度控制,且对负载扰动具有良好的鲁棒性。

一种改进的MUSIC算法在干扰源定位中的应用

在外场开展系统级电磁兼容性测试时,对于电磁发射类测试项目,为了将EUT信号与干扰信号区分开,需要对干扰源进行定位。利用基于阵列旋转的MUSIC算法(Multiple Signal Classification,多重信号分类)求解多信号的DOA(Direc-tion of Arrival,来波方向),能通过增加虚拟等效阵元的方式突破经典MUSIC算法信号数必须小于阵元数的限制,使MUSIC算法的应用范围扩大。

基于数学形态学理论的旋转机械故障诊断方法研究

在数学形态学理论的基础上运用局部特征长度域(LCD)算法和区间估计分形维数对传统诊断方法进行改进,利用LCD算法对信号进行处理,同时利用区间估计对形态谱进行故障分析。实验结果表明,基于LCD算法的故障诊断研究方法可以准确判断不同故障类型,区间估计分形维数方法的故障判断精度为95%,而且不同故障类型的形态谱特征与实际相符合。

Rotation Estimation for Mobile Robot Based on Single-axis Gyroscope and Monocular Camera

The rotation matrix estimation problem is a keypoint for mobile robot localization, navigation, and control. Based on the quaternion theory and the epipolar geometry, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is proposed to estimate the rotation matrix by using a single-axis gyroscope and the image points correspondence from a monocular camera. The experimental results show that the precision of mobile robot s yaw angle estimated by the proposed EKF algorithm is much better than the results given by the image-only and gyroscope-only method, which demonstrates that our method is a preferable way to estimate the rotation for the autonomous mobile robot applications.

DISPERSED PHASE HOLDUP AND DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN A ROTATING PERFORATED DISK CONTACTOR

Hydrodynamic characteristics of rotating perforated disk contactor(RPDC)were studied with emulsionwater system.The emulsion was dispcrsed in water and its holdup was measured.The effects of columndimensions and operating conditions on holdup and characteristic velocity were studied.By using the methodof dimensional analysis,the authors obtained two experimental correlations for estimating holdup and characteristic velocity respectively.Drop size distribution was studied photographically.The experimental results showedthat drop size distribuiion could be described by upper-limit log-normal distribution.