Effectiveness of one-to-one feedback methods of teaching with proper metered-dose inhaler technique and correcting errors in chronic obstructive lung disease patients

Objective:To determine the most common mistakes made during the use of a metered-dose inhaler(MDI),and the effect of the repeated trainings performed with demonstration method by providing one-to-one feedback on these mistakes.Methods:This is a quasi-experimental study with a control group.A total of 100 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients(50 in the control group and 50 in the experimental group)were included in the research.“Patient Information Form(PIF)”(to determine the descriptive characteristics of patients)through the face-to-face interview method,using“MDI Skill Assessment Form”(MDISAF)(it is composed of 10 skill steps about the use of MDI)through observation method was used.Patients in both the groups were asked to use MDI and their abilities regarding use of MDI were assessed.Then in the intervention group,usage of MDI was explained by a nurse via demonstration and placebo MDI.Trainings were repeated on days 1,3,and 5 as from hospitalization of the patient.In the intervention group,three methods were used in this study:“face-to-face training,”“one-to-one,”and“with feedbacks and repeated.”Routine training regarding use of MDI was given by the nurses in the clinic to patients in the control group.The use of an MDI was assessed using MDISAF before training and after the training on the first,third and fifth days of hospitalization.On the seventh day,the last measurement was performed.Percentage,chi square,and mean were used to assess the data.Results:After repetitive training with one-to-one feedback,several differences between the groups in favor of the experimental group were found in 7 of the 10 skill levels of the MDI.There was a significant difference after“training”between the groups in the third,fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth and ninth MDI steps in posttest measurement(P<0.05).Evaluating the skills of the groups to use MDI from pretest to posttest,it was determined that while the intervention group made less mistakes in steps in which mistakes were made mostly,the control group continued to make mistakes.Conclusions:Inhaler technique intervention with repeated,face to face,and one-to-one feedback trainings can significantly enhance the MDI techniques in COPD patients.The patients in the intervention group made less mistakes during MDI application and their application skills improved.It may be asser ted that the training provided to the intervention group was effective for using the device correctly,while the training provided in the clinic for the control group was inadequate.

From Big Data to Intelligent Tutoring: Exploring the Application of Big Data Technology in the Ideological and Political Education for College Counselors

This paper explores the application of big data technology in ideological and political education for college counselors.Big data-driven personalized counseling for students,social network analysis,and public opinion monitoring can optimize the efficiency of counselor work.However,there are still challenges concerning data privacy protection,technical support,and training.By scientifically evaluating and addressing these challenges,big data technology is expected to enhance the effectiveness of college counselors and improve the quality of ideological and political education.In the future,with technological advancements,big data technology will become an essential tool for higher education management.

Peer-tutoring理论及其在护理教学中应用的意义

Peer-tutoring作为一种辅助性教学方法,是同学之间的相互帮助学习,学生承担教与学的责任。护理教学中应用Peer-tutoring,对护生认知获得、促进交流、提高自信以及社会支持方面非常有益。

Observation of the effect of one-to-one education on high-risk cases of diabetic foot

BACKGROUND Diabetes is a common chronic disease,and its global incidence is on the rise.The disease is directly attributed to insufficient insulin efficacy/secretion,and patients are often accompanied by multiple complications.Diabetic foot is one of the most common complications of diabetes.Diabetic feet have ulcers and infections,which can eventually lead to amputation.Basic nursing care,such as lowering blood pressure and preventing foot skin infections in clinical nursing work,has positive significance for the prevention and control of diabetic feet.AIM To explore the positive significance of one-to-one education in high-risk cases of diabetic foot.METHODS This observation included 98 high-risk cases of diabetic foot in our hospital during the period from August 2017 to October 2019,and these patients were randomly divided into the basic nursing group and the one-to-one education group with 49 patients per group.The basic nursing group only received routine basic nursing,while the one-to-one education group gave patients one-to-one education on the basis of basic nursing.After nursing,the self-care ability and compliance behavior of the two groups were evaluated and compared between these two groups.The knowledge mastery of the patient and the satisfaction of nursing were accounted.RESULTS The assessment results of patients(self-care responsibility,self-care skills,selfconcept and self-care knowledge)were significantly higher in the one-to-one education group than in the basic nursing group.The scores of compliance behaviors(foot bathing,shoes and socks selection,sports health care)in the oneto-one education group were significantly higher than those in the basic nursing group.Patients in the one-to-one education group had a significantly higher level of knowledge mastery and satisfaction of nursing than the basic nursing group.CONCLUSION One-to-one education for high-risk cases of diabetic foot is helpful to improve the cognition and self-care ability of patients with diabetic foot,to ensure that patients follow the doctor’s advice of self-care and to improve their nursing satisfaction.

Streamlining the Writing and Tutoring Process of English Major Theses With Stringent Tasks and Procedures

English thesis writing and tutoring process is traditionally loose and open-ended. Both students and teachers enjoy much liberty in the maneuver of different steps in the whole process, which, as it were, may cause a series of problems and dissatisfactions, consequently undermining the quality and significance. This paper is intended to explore a streamlined and systematic procedure to ensure both the students and teachers are doing their bit and make due contribution to the thesis perfection.

The Investigation into Problems of College Students’ Individual Tutoring on the Subject of English

More and more college students start their social practice by tutoring children. However, quite a few do not have a clear conception about individual tutoring at the beginning of their practice, and not everyone involved in individual tutoring can end up with fruitful results. In this paper, the author did a research to find out the problems and the efficient ways to carry on this social practice in the hope that college students can finish their practice efficiently and thus form their career goal gradually.

A Fast LDL-factorization Approach for Large Sparse Positive Definite System and Its Application to One-to-one Marketing Optimization Computation

LDL-factorization is an efficient way of solving Ax = b for a large symmetric positive definite sparse matrix A. This paper presents a new method that further improves the efficiency of LDL-factorization. It is based on the theory of elimination trees for the factorization factor. It breaks the computations involved in LDL-factorization down into two stages： 1） the pattern of nonzero entries of the factor is predicted, and 2） the numerical values of the nonzero entries of the factor are computed. The factor is stored using the form of an elimination tree so as to reduce memory usage and avoid unnecessary numerical operations. The calculation results for some typical numerical examples demonstrate that this method provides a significantly higher calculation efficiency for the one-to-one marketing optimization algorithm.

Intelligent Tutoring System of Linear Programming

There is a growing technological development in intelligent teaching systems. This field has become interesting to many researchers. In this paper, we present an intelligent tutoring system for teaching mathematics that helps students understand the basics of linear programming using Linear Program Solver and Service for Solving Linear Programming Problems, through which students will be able to solve economic problems. It comes down to determining the minimum or maximum value of a linear function, which is called the objective function, according to pre-set limiting conditions expressed by linear equations and inequalities. The goal function and the limiting conditions represent a mathematical model of the observed problem. Working as a professor of mathematics in high school, I felt the need for one such work and dealing with the study of linear programming as an integral part of mathematics. There are a number of papers in this regard, but exclusively related to traditional ways of working, as stated in the introductory part of the paper. The center of work as well as the final part deals with the study of linear programming using programs that deal with this topic.

A Fuzzy Expert System Architecture for Intelligent Tutoring Systems:A Cognitive Mapping Approach

An Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a computer based instruction tool that attempts to provide individualized instructions based on learner’s educational status. Advances in development of these systems have rose and fell since their emergence. Perhaps the main reason for this is the absence of appropriate framework for ITS development. This paper proposes a framework for designing two main parts of ITSs. Besides development framework, the second main reason for lack of significant advances in ITS development is its development cost. In general, this cost for instructional material is quite high and it becomes more in ITS development. The proposed method can significantly reduce the development cost. The cost reduction mainly is because of characteristics of applied mapping techniques. These maps are human readable and easily understandable by people who are not aware of knowledge representation techniques. The proposed framework is implemented for a graduate course at a technical university in Asia. This experiment provides an individualized instruction which is the main designing purpose of the ITSs.

下一代个性化学习:生成式人工智能增强智能辅导系统

长期以来,教育技术领域的研究者致力于利用计算机开展个性化自适应教学。智能辅导系统作为这一领域的核心,其目标是通过计算机技术提供个性化学习体验和支持。近年来,生成式人工智能,尤其是大语言模型的发展,为智能辅导系统带来了突破性机遇,为个性化学习开辟了新的路径。本文回顾了研究者为实现个性化学习所作的努力及其成果和局限,探讨了大语言模型在个性化学习中的潜力和影响,介绍了“苏格拉底游乐园”——一个基于对话的智能辅导系统,如何利用大语言模型实施苏格拉底式教学,揭示了生成式人工智能如何革新个性化学习方式。针对大语言模型的潜在误用,文章提出了相应的建议,并构建了框架,旨在引导研发者在生成式人工智能和大语言模型范式下开发高效的智能教育应用。

位育视角下导生关系的冲突与弥合

和谐的导生关系是研究生教育高质量发展的重要保障,而实践中导生关系时常出现或隐性或公开的冲突。导生关系包括教育关系、伦理关系和心理关系,归根结底是人与人之间的关系。根源于我国传统文化的“位育”理论能为研究中国式导生关系提供切实性视角。在“位育”理论视角下,导生关系冲突主要缘于教育关系“错位”、伦理关系“越位”、心理关系“缺位”等三个方面。弥合导生冲突,需要基于导生之间的应有之“位”,促进导生双方安其所,进而遂其生,具体需要“以导育人,弥合教育关系”“以界明伦,匡正伦理关系”“以情化人,修缮心理关系”。

人工智能赋能高校继续教育的发展新范式

随着信息技术和人工智能的迅猛发展,高校继续教育面临更加严峻的挑战和机遇。人工智能技术的应用,为高校继续教育提供了发展新范式。通过提供个性化的学习体验,提高学习效果和效率,扩大学习资源的开放度和可及性等方面,人工智能为高校继续教育的发展带来无限可能。在实际应用过程中,高校需要深入探索人工智能技术与教育理论的结合,探索适合自己的发展模式。同时,还需要针对数据隐私和安全保护问题以及教师的专业能力提升等方面面临的挑战进行有效的应对。基于此,针对人工智能赋能高校继续教育的发展新范式进行研究,期望为相关从业者提供参考。

新能源材料与器件课程O2O智慧教学模式探索

新能源材料对“碳达峰、碳中和”国家战略目标的实现具有重要的支撑作用。新能源材料与器件课程是新能源材料研究与应用的基础,也是新能源人才培养过程中的主干课程,现有教学模式很难满足对高质量新能源人才的培养,因此该文提出将“智慧教学”理念及“O2O模式”应用到课程教学的各个环节。通过信息化技术搭建智慧教育平台,延伸教与学的边界,建构出一种虚实相生、情境结合、意象交融的教学空间;通过智能化的方式提高教学效率,增强教学互动,提升学生学习效率,加强信息反馈和教学管理。从而开发教师和学生的聪明才智和主观能动性,使投入得到最大化产出、获得最优学习效果,支撑我国新能源人才的培养。

指导教师素质能力与过程管理对本科毕业论文质量的影响——以西北农林科技大学经济管理学院为例

该文以西北农林科技大学经济管理学院2020—2022年本科毕业论文为研究对象,应用多元回归模型以及条件Logist模型,分析指导教师素质能力与过程管理对本科毕业论文质量的影响。研究发现,指导教师重视程度对论文质量有显著影响;指导教师对本科生毕业论文的影响路径可以分为选题来源、选题创新性、数据处理、工作量和文献阅读五个方面,其重视程度对选题创新性、数据处理、工作量和文献阅读均有显著的正向影响;指导教师专业素养越强、重视程度越高,学生写出高质量毕业论文的概率越大。在教师的正确指导下,加上学生自身的努力,毕业论文质量才能得到根本保证。

全科预备导师5A胜任力模型的构建与探索

目的为进一步实现高质量培养全科医学人才的目标,构建全科研究生预备导师评估模型,探索全科人才培养新途径。方法构建全科预备导师5A胜任力模型,包括一级指标、二级指标、三级指标体系,5A一级指标包含Ⅰ育人能力、Ⅱ教学能力、Ⅲ专业能力、Ⅳ科研能力、Ⅴ评估能力;每个一级指标分解为三个维度的二级指标,每个二级指标再分解为包含三个维度的三级指标。遴选12名全科预备导师,在培养过程中实施全科预备导师5A胜任力模型,培训前后进行胜任力达标评价。结果通过构建及实施全科预备导师5A胜任力模型,全面提升了全科医学预备导师的综合能力。12名全科预备导师培训后育人能力、教学能力、专业能力、研究能力、评估能力均有明显提升(t分别=8.07、12.22、7.65、11.63、9.71,P均<0.05)。结论构建的全科预备导师5A胜任力模型有利于提升全科预备导师的综合能力,在全科研究生教育中发挥了重要作用,为提升全科人才培养质量提供保障。

“双导师制”在病理专硕研究生实践创新能力培养中的探索

专业学位研究生教育是培养高层次应用型专门人才的主渠道,学校自从2015年开始招收病理专硕研究生以来,在病理专硕培养与住院医师规范化培训“双轨合一”过程中遇到培训模式单一、缺乏科研思维训练、基础病理与临床病理隔离等。针对以上问题,本课题整合基础医学院病理学系和医院病理科的骨干力量,组建双导师团队,将“双导师制”培养模式贯穿于临床病理学研究生培养全过程,包括研究生录取、培养方案制定、病理规范化培训、科研训练、开题、毕业答辩等各个环节,充分发挥学校和医院的优势,取得一定成效。该培养模式不仅促进基础与临床的深度融合,而且对培养具有较高病理诊断水平、解决临床问题能力的高素质临床病理人才有积极的推动作用,有力提升了病理专硕研究生的实践创新能力。

导师制在血液内科规范化培训护士带教中的应用

目的 探索导师制在血液内科规范化培训护士带教工作中的应用效果。方法 研究以2021年3月—2023年3月轮转到重庆医科大学附属第二医院血液内科的规范化培训护士70名为研究对象,对每轮规范化培训护士采用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,其中对照组34名,观察组36名。对照组接受传统的带教模式,由资深护士指导学习和实践;观察组实施导师制带教模式,由专业导师负责培养和辅导。通过对比2组护士的理论知识、操作技能、综合素质和教学满意度等指标,评价导师制教学模式在规范化培训护士培训中的应用效果。结果 观察组的理论知识成绩为(93.00±2.28)分、操作技能成绩为(93.36±1.66)分、综合素质考核成绩为(97.11±1.47)分、教学满意度为100%,高于对照组[理论知识成绩(89.65±6.71)分、操作技能成绩(91.44±3.93)分、综合素质考核成绩(94.18±2.89)分、教学满意度83.60%],差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 对血液科规范化培训护士实施导师制教学模式,可以使规范化培训护士的专科理论知识、操作技能、综合素质等方面的能力得到全面的提高。

儿童校外生活状况报告:家庭教育

2023年3—6月,中国儿童中心联合首都师范大学中小学生校外教育研究院、北京大学中国社会科学调查中心在全国东、中、西部11省12市开展了中国儿童校外生活状况调查。基于抽样调查数据,围绕家庭教育的目标、手段、结果三个环节分析当前中国儿童家庭教育的基本状况与问题,展现各类家庭在家庭教育上的差异性。数据分析显示,我国家庭教育仍然具有高期待和密集投入的特征,呈现出明显的母亲主导和代际分工,普遍认可参与式、民主平等、友好的家庭教育方式。“双减”政策的实施,一定程度上减轻了家长辅导儿童作业的负担,推广了“五育并举”的家庭教育理念。但在普遍的高教育期望下,家庭对参与校外培训仍有一度热度,短期内家长的教育焦虑问题仍存在。报告建议,在充分发挥学校作为教育主阵地的作用的同时,应该引导家庭理性看待教育,提倡父母合理分工,提供多种渠道满足家庭对教育的需求,以形成健康的教育环境。

基于OBE理论的体育研究生导师团队课程思政评价体系研究

该文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法和层次分析法等方法,基于OBE理论构建了体育研究生导师团队课程思政评价体系,充分发挥了评价的预测、诊断、反馈、导向、激励的整体功能。该体系能够发挥导师团队潜能,不断促进导师团队的发展,发挥其主观能动性和创造性,使导师团队自我创新和持续发展能力得到增强。