Bending Failure Mode and Prediction Method of the Compressive Strain Capacity of A Submarine Pipeline with Dent Defects

A dent is a common type of defects for submarine pipeline.For submarine pipelines,high hydrostatic pressure and internal pressure are the main loads.Once pipelines bend due to complex subsea conditions,the compression strain capacity may be exceeded.Research into the local buckling failure and accurate prediction of the compressive strain capacity are important.A finite element model of a pipeline with a dent is established.Local buckling failure under a bending moment is investigated,and the compressive strain capacity is calculated.The effects of different parameters on pipeline local buckling are analyzed.The results show that the dent depth,external pressure and internal pressure lead to different local buckling failure modes of the pipeline.A higher internal pressure indicates a larger compressive strain capacity,and the opposite is true for external pressure.When the ratio of external pressure to collapse pressure of intact pipeline is greater than 0.1,the deeper the dent,the greater the compressive strain capacity of the pipeline.And as the ratio is less than 0.1,the opposite is true.On the basis of these results,a regression equation for predicting the compressive strain capacity of a dented submarine pipeline is proposed,which can be referred to during the integrity assessment of a submarine pipeline.

A novel rat tail disc degeneration model induced by static bending and compression

Background:A new rat tail intervertebral disc degeneration model was established to observe the morphologic and biologic changes of static bending and compression applied to the discs.Methods:In total,20 Sprague-Dawley rats with similar weight were randomly di-vided into 4 groups.Group 1 served as a control group for a baseline assessment of normal discs.Group 2 underwent a sham surgery,using an external device to bend the vertebrae of coccygeal 8-10.Groups 3 and 4 were the loaded groups,and exter-nal devices were instrumented to bend the spine with a compression level of 1.8 N and 4.5 N,respectively.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),histological,and quanti-tative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis were performed on all animals on day 14 of the experiment.Results:Magnetic resonance imaging and histological results showed that the changes of intervertebral disc degeneration increased with the size of compression load.Some architecture disorganizations in nucleus pulposus and annulus fibro-sus were found on both of the convex and concave side in the groups of 1.8 N and 4.5 N.An upregulation of MM-3,MM-13,and collagen 1-α1 mRNA expression and a downregulation of collagen 2-α1 and aggrecan mRNA expression were observed in the sham and loading groups.Significant changes were found between the loading groups,whereas the sham group showed similar results to the control group.Conclusions:Static bending and compression could induce progressive disc degen-eration,which could be used for biologic study on disc degeneration promoted by static complex loading.

Haptic Evaluation of the Prickle of Fabrics: Axial Compression Bending Tests On Ramie Fibers

Although smoothness, softness, and stiffness determine the physical and mechanical behavior of a fabric and the subjective assessment of quality when it is handled, the perceived comfort of clothing is more important to consumers. The sensations perceived from the contact of clothing with the skin can greatly influence our over-all state of comfort and one aspect of this is the unpleasant skin sensation of prickle. Surface prickle of fabrics can be a factor limiting the use of the coarser types of ramie in apparel. And the mechanical stimulus of fabric-evoked prickle underlies our discomfort to fabrics independent in the majority of cases of any chemical or the atopic status of the individual. It is known that the prickle of fabric can be reduced by fabric-finishing treatments, but the assessment of fabric prickle is often done subjectively. This is time consuming, and it is difficult to obtain reliable and reproducible results, since variability between subjects in their sensitivity to prickle, such as skin mechanical properties, effective density of nociceptors and the mood state of the individual. In order to find an objective method of measuring the physical properties of the stiff fiber ends protruding from the fabrics to predict prickle, axial compression bending tests were examined by using single ramie fiber. By comparing analysis, it is found that the critical compressing load (Pcr), the bending modulus (E) are the important parameters. The relationship of the critical load (Pcr) with the length of fiber (L) and the fineness of fiber (Nt) has been investigated.

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF BENDING-COMPRESSION COLUMN USING DIFFERENT TENSION-COMPRESSION MODULUS

Based on elastic theory of different tension-compression modulus, the analytical solution was deduced for bending-compression column subject to combined loadings by the flowing coordinate system and phased integration method. The formulations for the neutral axis, stress, strain and displacement were developed, the finite element program was compiled for calculation, and the comparison between the result of finite element and analytical solution were given too. Finally, compare and analyze the result of different modulus and the same modulus, obtain the difference of two theories in result, and propose the reasonable suggestion for the calculation of this structure.

INFLUENCE OF COMPRESSION-BENDING COUPLING ON THE STABILITY BEHAVIOR OF ANISOTROPIC LAMINATED PANELS

Dynamic-Relaxation Method (DRM) is applied to studying the influence of compression-bending coupling on nonlinear behavior of cylindrically slightly curved panels of unsymmetric laminated composite materials subjected to uniform uniaxial Compression during loading and unloading. Numerical results are given for cross-ply plates and panels under S4S4 and S4S2 boundary conditions. The results show that the effects of absolute value and the sign of the coupling coefficient on the stability behavior of the panles are significant.

The Influence of Mineral Admixtures on Bending Strength of Mortar on the Premise of Equal Compressive Strength

The influence of mineral admixtures on bending strength of mortar on the premise of equal compressive strength was investigated. Three mineral admixtures （fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag and steel slag） were used. The adding amount of mineral admixture in this study ranges from 22.5% to 60%, and the water-to-binder ratio ranges from 0.34 to 0.50. With equal compressive strength, different mortars can be arranged in such a descending order with their bending strength： cement-fly ash mortar, cement mortar, cement-GGBS mortar, and cement-steel slag mortar. With the same compressive strength, the higher the steel slag content and water-to-binder ratio, the lower the bending strength of mortars. However, the effect of mineral mixture content and water-to-binder ratio on the bending strength of cement-fly ash mortar and cement-GGBS mortar is far inconspicuous.

Investigation in Longitudinal Compression of Wool Based Suiting Fabrics

This paper describes an investigation in the fabric longi-tudinal compressibility of thirty-one suiting and trouse-ring materials using a newly developed device attached to the advanced Instron extensometer Model4466.The at-tachment was designed mainly to ensure a correct align-meat of fabric plane at the start of compression.Usingthe newly developed testing method,fabric longitudinalcompression curve was obtained and the results of longi-tudinal compressibility measured by two different com-pression load ranges(from 0 to 0.5 N/m width and 0 to1 N/m width)were examined.In addition,their rela-tionships with the fabric low-stress mechanical proper-ties measured by the KES-F system were investigatedusing statistical analysis.The results clearly indicatedthat significant differences existed when substituting fab-ric longitudinal compressibility with fabric extensibilitymeasured using the KES-F system under a low-load.Significant infiuence of yarn rotational movement in fab-ric on the longitudinal

Post-Buckling Behavior of Laminated Composite Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Axial, Bending and Torsion Loads

In present work, post-buckling behavior of imperfect (of eigen form) laminated composite cylindrical shells with different L/D and R/t ratios subjected to axial, bending and torsion loads has been investigated by using an equilibrium path approach in the finite element analysis. The Newton-Raphson approach as well as the arc-length approach is used to ensure the correctness of the equilibrium paths up to the limit point load. Post-buckling behavior of imperfect cylindrical shells with different L/D and R/t ratios of interest is obtained and the theoretical knock-down factors are reported for the considered cylindrical shells.

Nano-refinement of the face-centered cubic Zr(Fe,Cr)_(2)secondary phase particles in Zircaloy-4 alloy via localized-shearing/bending-driven fracture under high-temperature compression

Nanoparticles are extensively introduced to improve the mechanical,physical,and chemical properties of alloys.In the present study,the underlying nano-refinement mechanisms of face-centered cubic Zr(Fe,Cr)_(2)secondary phase particles(SPPs)that precipitated in Zircaloy-4 alloy under high-temperature compression were investigated in detail by utilizing high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)and conventional TEM techniques.The frequently observed Zr(Fe,Cr)_(2)SPPs were incoherent with the matrix and exhibited brittle fracture behaviors without measurable plasticity.HRTEM observations revealed two mechanisms underlying the nano-refinement of incoherent micro-sized SPPs via localized shear fracture on{11¯2}SPP and nanoprecipitate-assisted bending fracture,respectively.The latter was,for the first time,found to occur when the movements of large SPPs were blocked by nanometer-sized SPP during alloy deformation.Accordingly,two force models were proposed to visualize their potential nano-refinement processes.The knowledge attained from this study sheds new light on the deformation behaviors of Zr(Fe,Cr)_(2)SPPs and their associated size refinement mechanisms under high-temperature compression,and is expected to greatly benefit the process optimization of zirconium alloys to achieve precipitate nano-refinement.

寒地玉米秸秆力学特性研究

为了合理利用玉米秸秆这种生物质资源,采集了寒地整株玉米秸秆,结合自制试验装置,利用电子万能试验机等设备,测试了整株玉米秸秆不同直径部位在相同加载速率下有节段径向和轴向压缩及无节段抗弯的力学性能。对试验数据进行了拟合,建立了相关数学模型,结果表明:当直径小于20mm时,轴向压缩实验中直径对压力影响并不明显,直径达到25mm左右时影响开始显现,直径大于29mm后影响非常显著;径向压缩时,离秸秆顶端较近的几节直径与压力近似线性相关,但随着直径的增加径向压力并不是均值上升,具有一定的离散性。抗弯试验中,在初始阶段压力在某一范围内上下波动,直径对压力影响并不显著;当直径大于23mm后,所需压力值显著增加;当直径大于30mm之后,直径对压力的影响产生了较为明显的波动性。试验数据真实可靠,拟合结果具有较强的可参考性,可为更好地开发利用秸秆资源及优化秸秆收获装置结构提供理论依据。

短切玄武岩纤维对混凝土力学性能的影响

为了提高混凝土的力学性能,研究短切玄武岩纤维对混凝土力学性能的影响规律。把不同体积掺量(0.25%、0.5%、0.75%、1.0%、1.25%)、不同长度(6 mm、12 mm)的短切玄武岩纤维掺入以C40混凝土为主的不同基体强度等级的混凝土中,进行立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗弯强度试验,分析短切玄武岩纤维对混凝土力学性能产生的影响,并拟合出C40混凝土抗弯强度与短切玄武岩纤维体积掺量的数量关系。结果表明:同一掺量下,12 mm短切玄武岩纤维比6 mm短切玄武岩纤维提升混凝土力学性能效果更佳;C40混凝土在12 mm短切玄武岩纤维掺量为1%时,其立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、拉压比和抗弯强度对比未掺入玄武岩纤维的混凝土分别提高7.11%、30.00%、21.34%和24.89%,此时混凝土力学性能提升效果最佳。

牡蛎壳微粉改性水泥基复合材料性能及微观结构研究

以牡蛎壳粉部分替换传统水泥基材料,在实现牡蛎壳废物利用的同时可有效降低建材成本。利用牡蛎壳粉作为普通硅酸盐水泥掺合料,探讨其不同掺杂量及不同粉磨方式对水泥胶砂强度及安定性的影响,确定了牡蛎壳粉的适宜添加量,并用XRD、SEM及EDS等测试分析手段表征不同掺量下胶凝试块的结构及性能变化。实验结果表明,牡蛎壳的球磨方式对水泥胶砂强度有明显影响,掺加湿法球磨牡蛎壳粉的胶凝材料的强度高于相应的掺加干法球磨的样品。牡蛎壳粉的掺加量为5%时,试样的抗压强度和抗折强度分别达到49.2 MPa和7.55 MPa,显著高于未掺加的空白样品。通过安定性实验制得的试样经过预养、沸煮之后,表面均光滑、无裂纹,体积无明显膨胀或收缩,表明掺杂牡蛎壳粉的胶凝材料安定性良好。微观结构表征结果显示牡蛎壳粉在水泥胶凝材料中独立存在,主要起惰性填充作用。利用牡蛎壳微粉部分替代水泥基材料是可行的,既可以改善水泥基材料综合性能,又能节约材料成本、减少环境污染,具有良好的应用前景。

钢桁架锥形结构轴压力学性能分析

依托青岛虚拟创享中心的实际工程项目,以钢桁架锥形结构为研究对象,提取了单榀主桁架子结构,并利用Abaqus2023有限元软件对其进行了轴压力学性能分析。重点研究了单榀钢桁架锥形结构的破坏模式和传力机理,同时结合钢桁架腹杆内力分布规律,研究了关键位置处腹杆截面类型以及截面壁厚对单榀钢桁架锥形结构承载力的影响规律,分析结果表明:该腹杆发生压弯屈曲,通过与其他杆件相交节点的连接将内力传递给其他腹杆。截面类型由矩形变成H型时,桁架的极限承载力降低1.3%。变成后,该腹杆的屈曲现象得到一定程度的缓解,整体结构的变形程度相对减小,极限承载力提高2.6%。而截面壁厚由8 mm增加到24 mm时,极限承载力提升17.6%。研究成果可为工程实践提供一定参考。

3D打印汽车吸能结构耐撞性分析

3D打印技术由于其耗材成本低、成品多样化的特点,在汽车吸能结构的耐撞性研究中已被研究人员关注与应用。通过3D打印技术针对相同结构尺寸,不同基体材料的防撞梁和蜂窝填充材料等汽车吸能结构,开展了准静态试验研究,对比分析了其力学响应及变形模式,进一步基于有限元仿真,研究了结构参数对其耐撞性指标的影响。研究结果表明,3D打印PLA防撞梁及蜂窝填充结构的载荷-位移曲线与金属结构呈现出相同的趋势,并且能反映汽车吸能结构的变形特征;结构壁厚的增加导致相对密度的增加,提高了防撞梁与蜂窝结构的耐撞性,此外,胞元尺寸的增加也会影响蜂窝结构的耐撞性。提出了基于3D打印技术的汽车吸能结构优化方案,采用试验与仿真相结合的方法系统地研究了结构参数对耐撞性的影响,对于汽车类专业教具设计及汽车吸能结构分析有一定的参考意义。

H形钢构件双向压弯下全过程弯矩计算模型

为探究可发展全截面塑性的H形钢构件在双向压弯加载全过程中塑性应力及两主轴弯矩的发展机制,基于经由已有实验数据校核过的建模方法,采用ABAQUS建立了不同轴压比、腹板和翼缘宽厚比的H形截面构件在不同加载角度下的参数分析模型。结合有限元分析结果,考察了双向压弯下H形截面钢构件的塑性应力发展规律,引入平截面假定,对其应力分布形式进行一定的简化处理。进一步,通过最小二乘法拟合得到相关参数,建立加载位移、塑性发展程度和宏观承载能力三者之间内在联系,构建H形钢构件双向弯矩的理论计算模型。该模型充分考虑了截面尺寸、位移加载方向角、轴压比和加载位移的影响。通过对模型计算结果的分析,验证了该模型可得到构件在加载任意时刻的应力分布形式,并为考虑一定截面塑性发展的双向抗弯设计提供更为简便的设计方法。

基于能力保护的新型拉压双向限位装置设计方法研究

为保护通航渡槽结构缝之间止水不被破坏,提出替代止水受力的新型拉压双向限位装置.此装置力学特征类似销轴耳板连接结构,此类结构有多重破坏模式的弱点.为克服此弱点,结合《钢结构设计标准》(GB 50017—2017)中销轴耳板连接结构设计方法,在该装置的静力设计中,基于能力保护的设计思想提出了以单一销轴弯曲破坏为该装置破坏模式的设计方法.基于实体有限元数值模拟,分析了加载过程中此装置整体与各部件的受力-变形曲线特点.结果表明:以外荷载-整体变形量曲线不出现塑性特征为依据,判定装置的静力承载力大于设计外荷载、设计方法偏于安全;通过销轴的外荷载-弯曲变形量曲线与限位装置的外荷载-整体变形量曲线显现的非线性特征相一致以及板的外荷载-整体变形量曲线在加载过程中基本保持线性状态,说明板是被保护构件、装置破坏模式为单一的销轴弯曲破坏.研究结果表明此设计方法现实可行.

聚丙烯腈纤维调控水泥基充填材料凝结硬化与力学性能研究

利用聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维调控水泥基充填材料,对水泥基充填材料的凝结硬化时间、抗压强度、黏结强度、抗弯强度和抗拉强度进行了分析,研究了不同纤维掺量(0.5%、1%、1.5%)和不同长径比(100、200、300)的聚丙烯腈纤维对水泥基充填材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:当PAN纤维掺量为1.5%时,较CM组(不掺PAN纤维)的初凝和终凝时间分别降低了11.1%和5.7%;PAN纤维水泥基充填材料的抗压强度随着PAN纤维含量增加而降低。与CM组相比,当PAN纤维体积含量为0.5%、1.0%和1.5%时,抗压强度分别下降了13.0%、3.7%和7.4%;纤维掺量为1%、长径比为200的水泥基充填材料的抗弯强度较CM组增加了78.6%,增幅最大。水泥基充填材料的黏结强度和抗弯强度先增加,然后随着PAN体积掺量和长径比增加而降低;随着PAN纤维掺入,水泥基充填材料的抗拉强度有所提高,与CM组相比,PAN纤维水泥基充填材料的抗拉强度提高了36.4%~418.2%。

冷弯厚壁压弯构件抗震性能影响参数分析

冷弯厚壁型钢作为一种广泛应用于现代建筑结构中的材料,其在设计中展现出独特的优势,但其在地震荷载下的行为特性仍需进一步明确。通过数值分析研究宽厚比、长细比和轴压比等参数对冷弯厚壁压弯构件抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明,所有骨架曲线在第一和第三象限呈现出非对称形态,这表明冷弯厚壁压弯构件在加载与卸载过程中的力学行为存在明显差异。宽厚比、长细比和轴压比3个参数对冷弯厚壁压弯构件抗震性能均有影响,不同破坏模式又影响着构件的抗震性能。研究结果揭示了各参数与抗震性能之间的关系,强调了设计中需特别关注的关键点,以确保结构既安全又经济。

用于风电钢塔筒的加劲钢管压弯性能试验研究

薄壁圆钢管广泛应用于风电机组锥筒型钢塔筒中,其在径厚比较大时易出现局部失稳,进而导致塔筒承载能力下降。该文提出了一种可用于风电钢塔筒的纵向加劲钢圆钢管结构形式,并进行了6个试件的压弯加载试验,以研究加劲肋形式及径厚比大小对加劲圆钢管压弯性能的影响。试验结果表明:在相同用钢量下,加劲肋有效改善了钢管的局部屈曲,改变了结构的破坏形态,增大了钢管的塑性发展程度,从而提升了钢管的承载力及延性,其中T型加劲肋的增强效果更为明显。并将试验模型与有限元建模进行对照,互相验证了准确性。最后使用现有设计标准对试验结果进行了初步评估,无加劲肋试件与各设计标准吻合良好,但现有计算方法低估了加劲试件的承载力。

人工林柏木重组木的结构与性能

【目的】采用定向重组技术制备人工林柏木重组木,分析其结构与性能,揭示柏木制备成重组木后性能变化的内因,为人工林柏木高值化利用提供技术参考和理论依据。【方法】制备80%、100%和120%不同压缩率柏木重组木,探究压缩率对重组木耐水性能、力学性能(抗弯性能和水平剪切性能)的影响规律;应用超景深显微镜(UDM)、冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光共聚焦显微镜(LSM)和透射电镜(TEM)观察重组木微观结构变化以及重组木中胶液分布情况;使用剖面密度测量仪测量垂直于板面表面方向的密度梯度,分析重组木剖面密度。【结果】随着压缩率增大,重组木表面纹理颜色加深,剖面密度逐渐均匀,吸水率(WAR)、吸水厚度膨胀率(TSR)和吸水宽度膨胀率(WSR)逐渐减小,静曲强度(MOR)和水平剪切强度(HSS⊥)逐渐增大。压缩率120%时重组木WAR最小,相比原木降低34.73%,同时重组木MOR和HSS⊥达到最大,分别为125.77和17.05 MPa,相比原木分别提升53.47%和84.32%。剖面密度测量仪、冷场发射扫描电子显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜和透射电镜观测结果显示,重组木耐水性能和力学性能提升主要是因为随着压缩率增大,木材细胞压缩密实、胶液分布范围更广,在更多的细胞腔和胞间层形成胶合位点,减少吸水时水分进入通道,抑制细胞腔回弹,增强胞间层薄弱结构。【结论】采用定向重组技术将人工林柏木制备成高性能重组木后,其力学性能显著提升;随着压缩率增大,重组木的耐水性能显著增强,压缩率120%时重组木性能达到最优。