[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on apple saplings. [ Method] ＇ Tianhong 2＇ Fuji /SH40/Malus robusta Rehd. was used as the experimental material...[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on apple saplings. [ Method] ＇ Tianhong 2＇ Fuji /SH40/Malus robusta Rehd. was used as the experimental material to analyze the effects of different irrigation modes and combinations of basal fertilizer and dressing fertilizer on tree structure, leaf parameters and photosynthesis of apple saplings. [ Result] The results showed that different water and fertilizer combinations ex- hibited varying effects on tree structure, leaf parameters and photosynthesis of apple saplings. To be specific, applying 432 000 kg/hm2 basal fertilizer, 480 kg/hm2 urea and 915 kg/hmz organic fertilizer ＋ 0 ＋ 915 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer as dressing fertilizer, and 1% urea as leaf fertilizer was conducive to promoting growth of branches and leaves, increasing leaf thickness, individual leaf area and SPAD, and improving photosynthesis of apple saplings under half root irrigation and whole root irrigation conditions. In addition, the effects were more significant under whole root irrigation conditions. [ Conclusion] Selecting the appropriate water and fertilizer combination is conducive to the growth of apple saplings.展开更多
【目的】研究‘天红2号/冀砧2号’幼树生长、光合特性及内源激素变化对缺锌胁迫的响应。【方法】以1年生‘天红2号/冀砧2号’砧穗组合苹果幼苗为试材,采用营养液浇灌方式进行盆栽试验。营养液设置供锌浓度分别为0μmol/L(Zn0)、2μmol/L...【目的】研究‘天红2号/冀砧2号’幼树生长、光合特性及内源激素变化对缺锌胁迫的响应。【方法】以1年生‘天红2号/冀砧2号’砧穗组合苹果幼苗为试材,采用营养液浇灌方式进行盆栽试验。营养液设置供锌浓度分别为0μmol/L(Zn0)、2μmol/L(Zn2)、4μmol/L(Zn4,对照),共3个处理。处理后40天,测量幼树株高、叶面积,取样测定叶片锌含量、光合特性、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、内源激素含量等指标,并分析叶绿素合成关键酶基因MdHEMA1、叶绿素降解关键酶基因M d P A O、生长素合成基因MdYUCCA4a和MdYUCCA6a相对表达量。【结果】‘天红2号/冀砧2号’幼树的株高、叶面积及叶片锌含量随供锌浓度的下降而显著降低;供锌浓度越低,生长素合成基因MdYUCCA4a和MdYUCCA6a相对表达量越低,植株体内IAA和GA3水平越低;与对照(Zn4)相比,净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)在缺锌条件下显著降低,胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)升高;缺锌胁迫下,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量下降,叶绿素a/b值上升,叶绿素合成关键酶基因MdHEMA1和叶绿素降解关键酶基因MdPAO均显著升高;‘天红2号/冀砧2号’幼树叶片叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP及ETR值在缺锌胁迫下显著下降,Fo和NPQ显著上升。【结论】缺锌胁迫使生长素合成基因MdYUCCA4a和MdYUCCA6a表达量显著降低,IAA合成受阻,导致IAA和GA3水平降低,抑制幼树生长。PSⅡ反应中心和PSⅡ氧化传递链在缺锌胁迫下受到一定损伤,造成PSⅡ活性下降,并加剧叶绿素降解,导致光合作用降低;同时,叶绿素降解基因MdPAO的高表达引起树体产生反馈调节机制来进行自我保护,诱导叶绿素合成代谢途径中的关键酶基因MdHEMA1表达量升高,但所合成的叶绿素依然不能补偿由缺锌所造成的叶绿素降解损失。展开更多
基金Supported by National Modern Agricultural(Apple)Industry Technology System of China(CARS-28)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on apple saplings. [ Method] ＇ Tianhong 2＇ Fuji /SH40/Malus robusta Rehd. was used as the experimental material to analyze the effects of different irrigation modes and combinations of basal fertilizer and dressing fertilizer on tree structure, leaf parameters and photosynthesis of apple saplings. [ Result] The results showed that different water and fertilizer combinations ex- hibited varying effects on tree structure, leaf parameters and photosynthesis of apple saplings. To be specific, applying 432 000 kg/hm2 basal fertilizer, 480 kg/hm2 urea and 915 kg/hmz organic fertilizer ＋ 0 ＋ 915 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer as dressing fertilizer, and 1% urea as leaf fertilizer was conducive to promoting growth of branches and leaves, increasing leaf thickness, individual leaf area and SPAD, and improving photosynthesis of apple saplings under half root irrigation and whole root irrigation conditions. In addition, the effects were more significant under whole root irrigation conditions. [ Conclusion] Selecting the appropriate water and fertilizer combination is conducive to the growth of apple saplings.
文摘【目的】研究‘天红2号/冀砧2号’幼树生长、光合特性及内源激素变化对缺锌胁迫的响应。【方法】以1年生‘天红2号/冀砧2号’砧穗组合苹果幼苗为试材,采用营养液浇灌方式进行盆栽试验。营养液设置供锌浓度分别为0μmol/L(Zn0)、2μmol/L(Zn2)、4μmol/L(Zn4,对照),共3个处理。处理后40天,测量幼树株高、叶面积,取样测定叶片锌含量、光合特性、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、内源激素含量等指标,并分析叶绿素合成关键酶基因MdHEMA1、叶绿素降解关键酶基因M d P A O、生长素合成基因MdYUCCA4a和MdYUCCA6a相对表达量。【结果】‘天红2号/冀砧2号’幼树的株高、叶面积及叶片锌含量随供锌浓度的下降而显著降低;供锌浓度越低,生长素合成基因MdYUCCA4a和MdYUCCA6a相对表达量越低,植株体内IAA和GA3水平越低;与对照(Zn4)相比,净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)在缺锌条件下显著降低,胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)升高;缺锌胁迫下,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量下降,叶绿素a/b值上升,叶绿素合成关键酶基因MdHEMA1和叶绿素降解关键酶基因MdPAO均显著升高;‘天红2号/冀砧2号’幼树叶片叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP及ETR值在缺锌胁迫下显著下降,Fo和NPQ显著上升。【结论】缺锌胁迫使生长素合成基因MdYUCCA4a和MdYUCCA6a表达量显著降低,IAA合成受阻,导致IAA和GA3水平降低,抑制幼树生长。PSⅡ反应中心和PSⅡ氧化传递链在缺锌胁迫下受到一定损伤,造成PSⅡ活性下降,并加剧叶绿素降解,导致光合作用降低;同时,叶绿素降解基因MdPAO的高表达引起树体产生反馈调节机制来进行自我保护,诱导叶绿素合成代谢途径中的关键酶基因MdHEMA1表达量升高,但所合成的叶绿素依然不能补偿由缺锌所造成的叶绿素降解损失。
