Offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry enabling fourdimensional separation and characterization of the multicomponents from white ginseng and red ginseng

Inherent complexity of plant metabolites necessitates the use of multi-dimensional information to accomplish comprehensive profiling and confirmative identification.A dimension-enhanced strategy,by offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(2 D-LC/IM-QTOF-MS)enabling four-dimensional separations(2 D-LC,IM,and MS),is proposed.In combination with in-house database-driven automated peak annotation,this strategy was utilized to characterize ginsenosides simultaneously from white ginseng(WG)and red ginseng(RG).An offline 2 DLC system configuring an Xbridge Amide column and an HSS T3 column showed orthogonality 0.76 in the resolution of ginsenosides.Ginsenoside analysis was performed by data-independent high-definition MSE(HDMSE)in the negative ESI mode on a Vion?IMS-QTOF hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometer,which could better resolve ginsenosides than MSEand directly give the CCS information.An in-house ginsenoside database recording 504 known ginsenosides and 58 reference compounds,was established to assist the identification of ginsenosides.Streamlined workflows,by applying UNIFI?to automatedly annotate the HDMSEdata,were proposed.We could separate and characterize 323 ginsenosides(including 286 from WG and 306 from RG),and 125 thereof may have not been isolated from the Panax genus.The established 2 D-LC/IM-QTOF-HDMSEapproach could also act as a magnifier to probe differentiated components between WG and RG.Compared with conventional approaches,this dimensionenhanced strategy could better resolve coeluting herbal components and more efficiently,more reliably identify the multicomponents,which,we believe,offers more possibilities for the systematic exposure and confirmative identification of plant metabolites.

Simultaneous determination of 15 pesticide residues in Chinese cabbage and cucumber by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry utilizing online turbulent flow chromatography

In this experiment,a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was built to determine 15 pesticide residues in Chinese cabbage and cucumber samples based on online turbulent flow chromatography purification.After modified quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged,and safe(QuEChERS)extraction,extracts were directly injected to the TLX(TurboFlow Liquid Xcalibur)system and brought to TurboFlow™columns for on-line purification and then transferred to analytical column for further separation and analysis.TurboFlow™columns types,transfer flow rate,and transfer time were optimized.Limits of detection and limits of quantification of the method obtained for 15 pesticide residues were ranged between 0.2–1.0μg/kg and 0.5–2.0μg/kg in Chinese cabbage and cucumber samples.Recoveries of pesticide residues were in range of 75.3%–103.7%.Matrix effects for 15 pesticides were in range of 5.6%–106.6%.The developed method has been successfully used for the determination of 15 pesticide residues in real samples.

Establishing a protein expression profile database for the normal human pituitary gland using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry

In this study, we selected adult normal pituitary gland tissues from six patients during operations for pituitary microadenomas via the transsphenoidal approach for extended normal pituitary tissue resection around the tumor, and analyzed the protein expression of human normal pituitary using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry proteomics technology. The ten most highly expressed proteins in normal human pituitary were： alpha 3 type VI collagen isoform 5 precursor （abundance among tall pituitary proteins 1.30%）, fibrinogen beta chain preproprotein （0.99%）, vimentin （0.73%）, prolactin （0.69%）, ATP synthase, H~ transporting and mitochondrial F1 complex beta subunit precursor （0.52%）, keratin I （0.49%）, growth hormone （0.45%）, carbonic anhydrase I （0.40%）, heat shock protein 90 kDa I （0.31%）, and annexin V （0.30%）. Based on the biological function classifications of these proteins, the top three categories by content were neuroendocrine proteins （abundance among all pituitary proteins, 40.1%）, catalytic and metabolic proteins （28.3%）, and cell signal transduction proteins （9.8%）. Based on cell positioning classification, the top three categories were cell organelle （24.5%） membrane （20.8%）, and cytoplasm （13.0%）. Based on biological process classification, the top three categories of proteins are involved in physiological processes （42.9%）, cellular processes （40.4%）, and regulation of biological processes （9.1%）. Our experimental findings indicate that a protein expression profile database of normal human pituitary can be precisely and efficiently established by proteomics technology.

Ion-pair Reversed-phase×Low-pH Reversed-phase Two-dimensional Liquid Chromatography for In-depth Proteomic Profiling

High-resolution liquid chromatography separation is essential to in-depth proteomic profiling of complex biological samples.Herein,we established an ion-pair reversed-phase×reversed-phase two-dimensional liquid chromatography(IPRP×RP 2DLC)strategy for comprehensive proteomic analysis.Both RPLC separation dimensions were performed at low pH,with trifluoroacetic acid(TFA)and formic acid(FA)as mobile phase addictive,respectively.As the good separation resolution offered by ion-pairing effect of TFA,the fractionation efficiency was greatly improved with 74.0%peptides identified in just one fraction.Comparing with conventional high pH RP fractionation,the overall separation rate of IPRP was about 1.6 times that of high-pH RP,which increased the number of identified peptides by 21%.Further,2169 proteins and 8540 peptides were confidently identified from crude serum sample by our IPRP×RP 2DLC strategy,exhibiting great potential in clinical proteomics in the future.

《治疗药物监测》实验课线上教学模式的探索

随着“互联网+”时代的到来以及移动终端的普及,传统的实验课线下教学模式呈现出一定的短板,线上教学模式成为课程教学体系的重要组成部分。文章以新疆医科大学第一附属医院临床药学专业必修课程《治疗药物监测》实验课“高效液相色谱技术测定卡马西平血药浓度”为例,围绕临床药学专业人才培养目标和课程体系标准,基于线上平台,从课前准备、课中实施、课后巩固三阶段探索实验课线上教学模式,推动了信息技术与课堂的融合发展,激发学生学习积极主动性,促进了传统教学模式的改革,为高校线上线下混合式实验教学提供一定的经验借鉴和参考。

基于在线柱切换液相色谱技术的红霉素软膏含量测定研究

目的建立在线柱切换高效液相色谱法测定红霉素软膏中主药含量的方法,为相关制剂的质量控制提供有效手段。方法样品经80℃提取后直接进样,柱切换系统下,采用C_(18)(50 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)色谱柱初步分离,2.5 min后转入C_(18)(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)柱进行分析,流速0.2 mL·min^(-1),柱温35℃。结果红霉素在1~100μg·mL^(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9994);平均加样回收率大于96.9%;日内和日间精密度小于1.29%(n=6)。结论本研究改进样品提取方法,并通过在线柱切换完成目标组分的净化和富集,该方法操作简单、准确灵敏、稳定性好,可用于红霉素软膏的含量测定。

2D-LC/MS技术在中药分析中的应用

2D-LC/MS技术具有强大的分离能力和分辨率,且分析速度快、灵敏度高,能够提供化合物的精确质量数及碎片结构信息,可有效解决中药复杂体系中共洗脱及微量成分无法表征鉴定的问题,在中药分析领域具有良好的应用前景。本文简要综述了2D-LC/MS技术的特点及其在中药化学成分分析和鉴定中的应用,为今后2D-LC/MS技术在中药研究中发挥更大的作用提供参考。

在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法快速测定水中痕量氯霉素类抗生素

建立一种新型在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法,自动进行样品富集、净化、分离及检测,实现环境水中氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素的定量分析。系统由专属的大体积进样器进样2 mL环境水样到亲水亲油的HLB柱上进行富集和浓缩后进行分析,且整个分析时间仅需17 min;使用同位素标记的内标法定量目标物质,用于校正在线固相萃取过程中不可避免的损失和基质效应,以确保方法准确性,测定结果同传统方法吻合度高。各组分在质量浓度0.50~50.0 ng/L范围内与对应的色谱峰面积线性相关性好,相关系数均大于0.9995,检出限为0.030~0.12 ng/L。3种浓度的样品溶液分别平行测定6次,测试结果的相对标准偏差为1.60%~9.04%,样品加标回收率为85.0%~123.0%。该方法准确可靠、操作简捷、灵敏度高、分析速度快,为研究抗生素在生态环境中的时空分布和迁移转化提供技术支撑。

常州地区水产养殖中地西泮残留检测及来源分析

本研究分析了水产养殖和垂钓中饲料、窝料、饵料、水样及水产品中地西泮(Diazepam,DZP)的存在情况,并建立了在线净化-液相色谱串联质谱定量检测方法。结果表明DZP含量在0.5~20.0μg/L间线性良好,相关系数(r^(2))均大于0.999;饵料、水样和水产品中定量限(Limit of quantitation,LOQ)分别为1.0μg/kg、0.5μg/L、1.0μg/kg;3种基质中1.0μg/kg、5.0μg/kg和10.0μg/kg 3个浓度水平的加标回收率分别为85.2%~106.5%、82.3%~108.0%、90.7%~116.0%,相对标准偏差(Relative standard deviation,RSD)分别为3.6%~5.1%、2.7%~4.3%、2.1%~2.6%。通过调查发现,7份养殖用饲料中均未检出DZP;28份垂钓中使用的窝料、饵料检出率达66.7%,浓度为2.2~213090.0μg/kg;10份诱鱼剂中均检出DZP,检出率达100%,浓度为637000.0~3471000.0μg/kg;27份水样中DZP检出率达85.2%,浓度为0.4~9.8μg/L和71份淡水鱼中DZP的检出率为54.9%,浓度为0.5~21.8μg/kg。由此可见窝料、饵料及诱鱼剂的使用可能是水体和水产品中DZP频繁检出的重要原因之一,对消费者食用安全和水产养殖行业的健康发展均具有潜在风险,亟需加强DZP监管和监测。

在线二维液相色谱法同时测定乳制品中乳铁蛋白及免疫球蛋白G

[目的]建立二维液相色谱法同时测定乳制品中乳铁蛋白及免疫球蛋白G的方法。[方法]样品经提取后直接进样,以Pharmacia HI-Trap Protein G柱为第一维色谱柱,磷酸盐缓冲溶液和甘氨酸缓冲液为流动相,分离目标蛋白与其他杂质。以BioCore SEC-300(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为第二维色谱柱,水和磷酸盐缓冲溶液为流动相,分离乳铁蛋白和免疫球蛋白G。[结果]乳铁蛋白和免疫球蛋白G在0~1000 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均>0.99。乳铁蛋白在固态样品和液态样品中的定量限分别为20,13 mg/kg。加标回收率为91.0%~107.0%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~5.3%。免疫球蛋白G在固态样品和液态样品中的定量限分别为34,7 mg/kg。加标回收率为91.2%~104.0%,相对标准偏差为2.1%~4.7%。[结论]试验建立的在线二维液相色谱系统,前处理简单、自动化程度高、分析效率高、准确度高、重复性好,适用于乳制品中乳铁蛋白及免疫球蛋白G含量测定。

在线柱前还原-高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法测定地表水中3-硝基酚和4-硝基酚的含量

提出了在线柱前还原-高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法测定地表水中3-硝基酚和4-硝基酚含量的方法。取500 mL水样于分液漏斗中,加入30 g氯化钠,用10%(质量分数)盐酸溶液调节水样pH至小于2。加入40 mL体积比1∶1的二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯混合溶液,振荡5 min,静置,收集有机相,重复萃取3次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠脱水,收集萃取液。在79 kPa下,于40℃旋转蒸发至干,用甲醇复溶并定容至1.0 mL。将装有填料粒径为70μm的锌粉还原柱与Hypersil GOLD色谱柱相连,以含0.39 g·L^(-1)乙酸、0.53 g·L^(-1)乙酸锌、0.083 g·L^(-1)硫酸铜的甲醇溶液为流动相进行分离,荧光检测器测定3-硝基酚和4-硝基酚的还原产物。结果表明:3-硝基酚和4-硝基酚的质量浓度在10~100μg·L^(-1)内与对应的还原产物峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为3.0,1.5μg·L^(-1);按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为80.0%~92.6%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均不大于11%。

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定药厂周边地表水中6种利尿剂的残留量

提出了在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定药厂周边地表水中布美他尼、呋塞米、氯噻嗪、氢氯噻嗪、安体舒通、氨苯喋啶等6种利尿剂残留量的方法。分取20 mL处理后的药厂周边地表水样品,置于在线固相萃取仪的自动进样盘中,以WATERS Oasis HLB固相萃取柱进行提取、净化和富集;所得溶液自动转入色谱系统中,以Shim-pack CLC-ODS C_(18)色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液-甲醇的混合溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱;分离后的6种目标物经电喷雾离子源正离子模式扫描,多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明:6种目标物标准曲线的线性范围均为0.005~10.0 mg·L^(-1);检出限(3S/N)为0.0351~0.147μg·L^(-1);按照标准加入法对实际样品进行3个浓度水平的加标回收试验,回收率为83.3%~104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均不大于5.0%。

高校共享平台中超高效液相色谱仪的管理与维护

超高效液相色谱仪作为高校实验共享平台的必备仪器,在科研和教学中发挥着重要作用。以温州医科大学科研实验中心大型仪器共享平台的超高效液相色谱仪为例,从构建培训体系、规范线上预约及使用管理机制、完善仪器维护制度等各方面全方位着手,探索超高效液相色谱仪在共享平台的开放运行模式,以期为高校共享平台的仪器管理及维护提供参考。

Using cell membrane chromatography and HPLC-TOF/MS method for in vivo study of active components from roots of Aconitum carmichaeli

An offline two-dimensional system combining a rat cardiac mascle cell membrane chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry （CMC-TOF/MS） with a high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry （HPLC-TOF/MS） was established for investigating the parent components and metabolites in rat urine samples after administration of the roots of Aconitum carmichaeli. On the basis of the analysis of the first dimension, retention components of the urine sample were collected into 30 fractions （one fraction per minute）. Then offline analysis of the second dimension was carried out. 34 compounds including 24 parent alkaloids and 10 potential metabolites were identified from the dosed rat urine, and then binding affinities of different compounds on cell membranes were compared and influences of some functional groups on activity were estimated with the semi-quantification and curve fitting method. As a result, binding affinities decreased along with the process of deacylation, debenzoylation and demethylation, which may be related to the alleviation of toxicity in the procedure of herb processing or metabolism. Moreover, some minor components in rat urine （Songorine, 14-benzoylneoline, Deoxyaconitine, etc. ） exerted relatively strong affinity on cell membranes are worth exploring. The results delivered by the system suggest that the CMC can be applied to in vivo study.

On-line parallel reversed phase two-dimensional liquid chromatography for high-throughput analysis of complex proteomic samples

A comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic system (2D SCX/RP) is con- structed with a 10-port-2-way valve using strong cation exchange chromatography (Hypersil SCX, 100 mm×4.6 mm I.D.) followed by reversed phase chromatography (Hypersil BDS C18, 15 mm×4.6 mm I.D.) to separate the complex peptides from globin peptic hydrolysate. After the sample was loaded on the SCX column, the phosphate buffer (pH 4.0) was used to elute the peptides. Then, elutes flowed through the interface and the peptides focused on the head of the trapping columns (Hypersil BDS C18, 15 mm×4.6 mm I.D.) but salt passed into the waste. After the valve was switched, the samples were flushed with a backward flow into the RP analytical column. The peptides on the SCX were eluted with 12 discontinuous steps linearly increasing salt concentrations. The peptides enriched on the trapping column were desalted and separated by the RP columns. The resolution and the resolved peaks of the 2D SCX/RP system were greatly increased and the total peak capacity reached as high as 2280.

Double Off-line Two-dimensional Liquid Chromatography for Separation and Identification of Compounds in Salvia Miltiorrhiza(Danshen)

Background: Danshen is an important traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Separation and analysis of its components have been widely investigated. However, the systematical two dimensional liquid chromatography(2D-LC) methods have not been developed to comprehensively separate and characterize its components.Objective: In this work, double off-line 2D-LC methods were aimed to develop for the systematical separation of compounds from Danshen.Methods: Using solid phase extraction(SPE), the Danshen extract was divided into a medium-polar fraction(Sample I) and a weak-polar fraction(Sample Ⅱ) according to their polarities. Based on reversed-phase liquid chromatography(RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography(HILIC) modes, a 2D-HILIC × RPLC system and a 2D-RPLC × RPLC system were designed for the separation of Sample Ⅰ and Sample Ⅱ, respectively. According to reversed-phase and HILIC columns selectivities characterized in our previous reports, ZIC-HILIC and XTerra C18 were employed to build the 2D-HILIC × RPLC system and Click TE-CD and XTerra C18 for the 2D-RPLC × RPLC system,respectively.Results: The 2D-HILIC × RPLC and 2D-RPLC × RPLC systems exhibited excellent orthogonality for the separation of Sample Ⅰ and Sample Ⅱ,respectively. Their orthogonalities were 88.42% and 63.24%. Based on these double 2D-LC systems combined with mass spectrometry, at least 200 compounds were found and 33 compounds of them were identified, including 16 phenolic acids and 17 diterpenoid quinines.Conclusion: These results suggest that these two off-line 2D-LC methods are effective for the separation and characterization of components in Danshen.

COMPREHENSIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED WITH QUADRUPLE TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ANALYSIS OF TRIPTERYGIUM GLYCOSIDES TABLETS

Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography platform(LC×LC)coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight(QTOF)mass spectrometry(MS)is developed to separate,identify and relatively determine the chemical constituents of two types of tripterygium glycosides tablets(TGT).The types and relative contents of the constituents discovered in two kinds of TGT tablets were subsequently compared.C8andC18 column were used for the separation of the first

在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定植物中11种水溶性有机酸

采用在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱建立植物中11种水溶性有机酸(乳酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、香豆酸、没食子酸、柠檬酸、香草酸、阿魏酸、新绿原酸)的分析方法。样品经匀浆、超声、过滤、稀释后,经在线Oasis MAX柱(20 mm×2.1 mm,30μm)富集净化,采用BEH C18AX色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,以含10 mmol/L甲酸铵的0.9%甲酸和0.9%甲酸-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱。在负离子扫描模式下,以Full MS/dd-MS2模式进行分析,内标法定量。结果表明,11种有机酸可在9 min内完成分离分析,各组分的精确质量数偏差小于5.00×10^(-6),在1~100μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R^(2))大于0.999,方法检出限为0.1~3.2μg/kg,定量限为0.3~9.6μg/kg。以芡实和小白菜为基质样品,在2个不同加标水平下,11种有机酸的平均添加回收率分别为92.2%~111%和94.2%~110%,日内相对标准偏差分别为1.4%~4.9%和0.8%~5.6%。所建方法简便、快速、准确、可靠,已应用于8种植物(白萝卜、胡萝卜、土豆、小白菜、香蕉、鸭梨、葡萄、芡实)中有机酸含量的分析,可以作为快速分析植物中水溶性有机酸的新方法。

TWO-DIMENSIONAL LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY(2D-LC) IN THE ANALYSIS OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND AUTHENTICATION OF CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINE

One-dimensional liquid chromatography(1D-LC)is routinely applied to the analysis of all kinds of samples in different fields.With the introduction of UHPLC instruments and sub-2micron particle columns,the separation efficiency was greatly improved.To resolve all components of complex samples,however,1D-LC does not provide enough resolving power,or peak capacity.In addition,to separate compounds co-eluting in 1D-LC,increasing the separation efficiency by increasing

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定血液样品中12种卡西酮类毒品

目的建立一种同时测定血液样品中12种卡西酮类毒品的在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。方法血液样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白,经离心、稀释、过滤后上样,采用PLRP-S在线固相萃取柱(2.1 mm×12.5 mm,15~20μm)富集纯化,Poroshell 120 EC-C_(18)色谱柱(3.0 mm×150 mm,2.7μm)进行分离,在线固相萃取柱以乙腈-5%(体积分数)甲醇作为流动相进行流速1.0 mL/min的梯度洗脱,色谱柱以5 mmol/L乙酸铵缓冲液[含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸]-乙腈作为流动相进行流速0.4 mL/min的梯度洗脱。离子源为电喷雾离子源,采用多反应监测模式进行测定。结果12种卡西酮类毒品线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为0.1~0.5 ng/mL,定量限为0.3~1.5 ng/mL。12种卡西酮类毒品在3个不同质量浓度条件下的回收率为70.9%~108%,日内精密度和日间精密度分别为1.5%~8.9%、5.1%~44.5%(n=6)。结论该方法操作简单方便、样品需求量少、灵敏度高、检出限低,可用于血液样品中卡西酮类毒品的测定。