Effects of subject’s wakefulness state and health status on approximated entropy during eye opening and closure test of routine EEG examination

This study tested a novel method designed to provide useful information for medical diagnosis and treatment. We measured electroencephalography (EEG) during a test of eye opening and closing, a common test in routine EEG examination. This test is mainly used for measuring the degree of alpha blocking and sensitivity during eyes opening and closing. However, because these factors depend on the subject’s awareness, drowsiness can interfere with accurate diagnosis. We sought to determine the optimal EEG frequency band and optimal brain region for distinguishing healthy individuals from patients suffering from several neurophysiological diseases (including dementia, cerebrovascular disorder, schizophrenia, alcoholism, and epilepsy) while fully awake, and while in an early drowsy state. We tested four groups of subjects (awake healthy subjects, drowsy healthy subjects, awake patients and drowsy patients). The complexity of EEG band frequencies over five lobes in the human brain was analyzed using wavelet-based approximate entropy (ApEn). Two-way analysis of variance tested the effects of the two factors of interest (subjects’ health state, and subjects’ wakefulness state) on five different lobes of the brain during eyes opening and closing. The complexity of the theta and delta bands over frontal and central regions, respectively, was significantly greater in the healthy state during eyes opening. In contrast, patients exhibited increased complexity of gamma band activity over the temporal region only, during eyes-close. The early drowsy state and wakefulness state increased the complexity of theta band activity over the temporal region only during eyes-close and eyes-open states respectively, and this change was significantly greater in control subjects compared with patients. We propose that this method may be useful in routine EEG examination, to aid medical doctors and clinicians in distinguishing healthy individuals from patients, regardless of whether the subject is fully awake or in the early stages of drowsiness.

Predictive value and applicability of ocular trauma scores and pediatric ocular trauma scores in pediatric globe injuries

AIM: To evaluate the predictive value and applicability of Ocular Trauma Score(OTS) and Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score(POTS) for closed and open globe injuries in the pediatric group.METHODS: A retrospective study of closed and open globe injuries in children age of 0-18-year-old between 2012-2019 was conducted.Medical records were collected,and injuries were classified using Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System(BETTS).The predictive value and applicability of both OTS and POTS to final visual acuity(VA) were analyzed.RESULTS: Of 84 patients,59(70.2%) presented with closed globe injuries(CGI) and 25(29.8%) with open globe injuries(OGI).The mean of initial VA was 0.832±0.904 log MAR.OTS and POTS was calculated.Initial VA(P<0.001) and traumatic cataract(P<0.001) were significantly associated with visual outcome,followed by organic/unclean wound (P=0.001),delay of surger y(P=0.001),iris prolapse(P=0.003),and globe rupture(P=0.008).A strong correlation between OTS and POTS and final VA(r=-0.798,P<0.001;r=-0.612,P<0.001) was found.OTS was more applicable in all age group of pediatric and in contrast to POTS,it was designed for 0-15 years old.POTS requires eleven parameters and OTS six parameters.Even though initial VA was not available,we could still calculate into POTS equation.CONCLUSION: OTS and POTS are highly predictive prognostic tools for final VA in CGI and OGI's in children.

Parametic Model for Optimization of Battery Capacity and Power Transmitters of On-line Electric Vehicles in Closed/Open Environments

An on-line electric vehicle(OLEV)uses a wireless charging phenomenon,in which power transmitters are installed beneath the road and the OLEV’s battery is charged remotely.This paper deals with the optimization of two key economic and design parameters,i.e.,the size of the battery and the power transmitters allocation.A complete model configuration of the OLEV system,including the vehicle design and power transmitter,is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink.The battery’s state of charge(SOC)rises and drops according to the vehicle’s velocity and power collection and consumption.The mixed integer programming(MIP)model is used for cost calculation.Therefore,with the help of the SOC graph and MIP model,the battery size and the number of power transmitters,along with their placements,are optimized.The proposed model is applicable to both closed and open environments as it accepts both regulated and deregulated velocities.Two test cases are performed for this purpose.The first test case deals with regulated velocity for which we have applied the KAIST campus OLEV’s velocity along with its 13 kWh battery size and 4 power transmitters,and then applied the suggested solution with the same velocity and route i.e.,8 power transmitters with shorter lengths and reduced battery size(3.25 kWh;one-fourth of the first case).SOC is found within limits at the end of the route,saving$1600 and validating the proposed model in this paper.For the second test case,we use deregulated velocity and optimize both parameters,using the same approach.

Evaluation of Orbital- and Ground State Energies of Some Open- and Closed-Shell Atoms over Integer and Noninteger Slater Type Orbitals

Ab initio calculations of the orbital and the ground state energies of some open- and closed-shell atoms over Slater type orbitals with quantum numbers integer and Slater type orbitals with quantum numbers noninteger have been performed. In order to increase the efficiency of these calculations the atomic two-electron integrals were expressed in terms of incomplete beta function. Results were observed to be in good agreement with the literature.

基于人眼开合度的电力调度员疲劳监测方法

电力调度员参与电力系统运行的监视、指挥与控制的相关工作,是保证电力系统安全运行的重要成员,但长时间进行高度专注工作会引起疲劳,疲劳工作极有可能会导致严重事故。因此,开发一种基于人眼状态检测的疲劳监测系统尤为重要,有利于减少电力调度员因疲劳工作带来的安全和经济的损失。该课题设计一种基于YOLOv5和PERCLOS的组合模型的疲劳监测方法,模型由两个主要部分组成:人眼开合检测、疲劳状态判断。YOLOv5模型通过分析人眼开合度判断眼睛的眨眼状态,并利用PERCLOS算法检测人体疲劳状态。实验数据通过采用固定摄像头和可穿戴摄像头拍摄来获取,通过对比分析说明可穿戴摄像头拍摄的数据更可靠,同时通过YOLOv5模型与dlib模型的对照实验可证明YOLOv5模型具有识别准确率高的特点。

基于角点定位的高压断路器分合闸线圈电流特征提取及状态判别

分合闸线圈的电流特性提取是高压断路器状态监测的重要手段。从高压断路器分合闸线圈电流的波形形态出发,研究了基于CCS(曲率尺度空间)局部阈值的电流波形角点提取方法,进而根据真实角点处的电流特征曲线实现了高压断路器机械状态的精准监测。对某变电站高压断路器实测分合闸线圈电流的计算结果表明,所提CCS局部阈值方法能够精确识别分合闸线圈电流的波形特征。基于分合闸线圈电流特征曲线的高压断路器机械状态监测效果良好,研究结果可为高压断路器的机械状态监测提供重要参考。

轴流式止回阀不同流量下的启闭状态研究

本文通过有限元软件Fluent对不同流量下轴流式止回阀的启闭状态进行了大量的相关研究,内容包括正向和反向介质流动下阀瓣受力情况分析、介质流量与开度的关系、介质流量与阀瓣受力情况的关系、阀门流量系数及流阻系数。给出了不同流量情况下确定轴流式止回阀开度的相关方法,对轴流式止回阀的设计具有一定的参考意义。

Developmental and Condition-Related Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Rest

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in cognitive process related to executive function, but is also active during resting states. Quantifying prefrontal cortex activity during resting states provides a baseline for interpreting task-induced brain activity. Researchers commonly use resting conditions where participants are prompted to stare at a screen (eyes open) or close their eyes (eyes closed). Are these two conditions equivalent representations of a baseline resting state? Further, does prefrontal cortex activity during these conditions change as a function of development? The aim of this study was to examine differences in prefrontal cortex activity between eyes open and eyes closed conditions during resting states in children and adults to provide a rationale of proper selection of baseline condition in future research. Thirty-six participants in 3 age groups were recruited in this study including twenty-four adults, five 12 - 15 years old children, and seven 8 - 11 years old children. Relative changes in concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (Δoxy-Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Δdeoxy-Hb) were obtained by using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO) conditions, 3 minutes each. Contrasts were tested to compare the differences of Δoxy-Hb and Δdeoxy-Hb between eyes open and eyes closed conditions. The EC condition had significantly higher Δoxy-Hb than EO when all groups were combined (t (17.268) = 3.021, p = .008, Cohen’s d = –0.72). When comparing Δoxy-Hb between eyes conditions within each group, the younger group had significantly higher Δoxy-Hb in EC than EO (t (9.459) = 2.734, p = 0.022, Cohen’s d = –1.46). Based on these results, the EO condition may be a better baseline condition, particularly in studies with younger children, since it has less activity in the PFC that could interfere with interpretations of task-induced activity.

大型船闸反弧门运行状态检测方案

目前船闸反弧门启闭位置控制主要依赖于开度检测装置和位移传感器,由于船闸反弧门在高水头下动水启闭频繁,当吊杆连接轴及轴套磨损后,会造成反弧门启闭位置误差逐渐增大,使得反弧门存在超关现象,进而对反弧门门体、止水、底坎埋件造成破坏。针对此问题,从提高启闭控制系统的精度方面对船闸反弧门运行状态检测方案进行研究。分析了反弧门位置控制系统存在的问题,采用在反弧门门体内部安装倾角传感器的方式对启闭位置角度信息进行检测,提高了启闭位置控制精度。2021年在葛洲坝三号船闸右充反弧门实施了运行状态检测装置的安装施工与测试,验证了反弧门运行状态在线检测系统的技术可行性以及检测水平的先进性。

裂纹起裂规律对煤岩体破裂行为的影响

为获得压缩状态下含不同类型裂纹的煤岩体破裂行为,基于断裂力学分析张开型裂纹和闭合裂纹的起裂规律,研究裂纹类型对煤岩体抗破裂能力的影响.研究结果表明：几何参数及荷载对裂纹起裂规律的影响显著,含不同类型裂纹的煤岩体破裂特点相异.煤岩体含裂纹倾角越接近40~60o,长度越长,侧压系数越小,张开型裂纹曲率半径越大,闭合裂纹裂纹面摩擦系数越小,裂纹起裂应力越小,煤岩体也越易破裂,据此,提出了根据裂纹类型估算煤岩体破裂难易程度的方法.

情绪对创造性科学问题提出能力的影响

采用混合实验设计,通过不同情绪激发方式,探索了不同情绪状态对创造性科学问题提出能力的影响,结果发现:正情绪状态能够提高创造性科学问题提出能力,尤其表现在流畅性和灵活性品质上;不同的负情绪状态对于创造性科学问题提出能力的影响不同,愤怒不影响创造性科学问题提出能力,但是恐惧对创造性科学问题提出能力有着显著的抑制作用;不同的情绪状态和不同题目形式之间有着显著的交互作用,高兴情绪状态对开放式题目形式的促进作用大于对封闭式题目形式的促进作用,而恐惧情绪状态对封闭式题目形式的抑制作用大于对开放式题目形式的抑制作用。

不同风口型式前室加压送风系统性能模拟分析

利用多区域网络模型 ,在不同开门情况下 ,分别对常开风口和常闭风口前室加压送风系统性能进行了定量模拟分析 ,有助于深入了解系统运行特征 ,对于现有设计方法和规范内容将做有益补充。从长远发展看 ,网络烟控模型必将在建筑物火灾安全设计。

闭眼与开眼静息状态下脑电α波的差异研究

利用128导脑电仪采集了11个健康被试者的闭眼与开眼静息状态下的高分辨率脑电信号,对闭眼与开眼情况下α波(8～13 Hz)功率的差异进行了分析。计算两种情况下全脑脑电信号的平均功率,统计检验了两者的全脑平均功率;应用标准低分辨率电磁断层成像方法对头皮功率值进行定位,利用t检验得到两种情况下具有显著性差异的α波功率在大脑中的位置。结果表明,闭眼情况下α波功率显著高于开眼,具有显著性差异的大脑位置包括额叶、顶叶和枕叶等区域。

两自由度高静低动刚度隔振系统的广义混沌同步化

针对目前潜艇动力机械系统的线谱控制方法难以实现小能量控制混沌化、变工况下持续混沌化和小振幅混沌化难题,提出了基于状态反馈和开环加非线性闭环耦合的两自由度高静低动刚度隔振系统广义混沌同步化方法。首先,建立两自由度高静低动刚度隔振系统的动力学模型,分析其全局性态;然后,利用Chen系统作为驱动信号,采用Hooke&Jeeves方法优化控制增益,通过状态反馈实现变工况下的持续混沌化;最后,利用开环加非线性闭环耦合的广义混沌同步实现高静低动刚度隔振系统大参数范围和小振幅混沌化。仿真结果表明,虽然基于状态反馈的广义混沌同步能实现两自由度高静低动隔振系统持续混沌化且线谱强度有所降低,但基座的振动幅值相比未混沌化前急剧加大;而基于开环加非线性闭环耦合的广义混沌同步能同时实现两自由度高静低动隔振系统变工况下的持续混沌化和小振幅下的混沌化,不仅能显著降低线谱强度,而且能有效抑制被隔振物体的振幅,解决了一般意义的混沌化方法无法解决的线谱抑制和振动隔离之间的冲突。

鼻尖状态对高速列车气动性能的影响

基于三维定常不可压N-S方程以及k-ε两方程湍流模型,分别在无横风和有横风环境下,用有限体积法研究高速列车车头鼻尖不同开闭状态对列车明线运行时气动性能的影响.用FLUENT分析车头鼻尖全开、全闭和半开半闭等3种不同开闭状态的高速列车气动性能,发现车头鼻尖开闭状态对列车侧向力和升力几乎没有影响,但对头车的阻力影响较大,这主要是由于头车鼻尖部分阻力变化较大引起的.在无横风环境下,车头鼻尖开闭状态对头车的气动力矩影响不大,但对尾车的点头力矩有一定影响.在横风环境下,车头鼻尖开闭状态对列车气动力矩影响不大.

基于线圈电流的断路器操作机构仿真研究

为研究断路器操作机构电磁系统性能与分合闸线圈电流曲线的关系,结合操作机构分合闸过程中各阶段铁芯运动状态、阻力与电磁力的变化,分析了线圈电流曲线各阶段的影响因素。针对断路器操作机构故障难模拟的问题,采用磁路法建立电磁系统的等效磁路模型与电磁系统的动态数学模型,仿真研究了电磁系统参数变化与动铁芯卡涩、复位弹簧疲软故障情况对线圈电流曲线的影响。仿真结果表明,电磁系统参数变化与动铁芯卡涩、复位弹簧疲软故障将在线圈电流曲线各阶段产生相应变化,为断路器操作机构状态评估提供了重要参考。

混凝土坝接触面的数值模拟研究

针对混凝土坝的接触问题,建立了三维摩擦接触非线性动接触模型。根据接触面上的非线性特点,把力系分为外荷载和接触面上的接触力,通过假设接触状态,把接触力作为迭代变量,求解满足接触条件和动平衡条件的接触力。首先给出了接触面单元的应力计算公式,推导了非线性动力接触方程,详细说明求解的步骤和迭代的过程。通过例子验证该模型能够模拟混凝土坝接触面的张开、闭合和滑移,实例分析表明,采用该模型有稳定的收敛性和足够精度。

地震作用下结构瞬时开闭环最优化控制

时滞导致控制力的不同步实施,不仅降低了控制系统的性能,而且会使动力系统不稳定。针对这个实际问题,本文提出了一种时滞补偿控制算法。地震加速度用AR模型实时在线向前预测。利用卡尔曼最优滤波作状态估计,对状态变量向前作一步最优预测。求出了瞬时开闭环最优化控制方程。由于地震加速度AR模型时间序列采用时变参数,用具有遗忘因子的递推最小二乘法在线辨识当前模型参数,AR时间序列步长和控制时间步长可选取较优的比例关系,所以预测误差大大减小,控制系统的性能和稳定性能够保证。

幕末日本的海洋国家论

确切地说,幕末日本海洋国家思想的发展以1778年俄国商船来蝦夷要求通商为契机。与幕府的锁国海防相对,林子平、本多利明、佐藤信渊等思想家也纷纷提出了海防思想及海洋国家论,其特点以开国海防与开拓海防为主。锁国海防、开国海防与开拓海防,成为幕末海洋国家论的有机构成。

最优控制理论在泵-马达实验系统中的应用

为了改善泵马达实验台转速控制系统的控制性能,提高响应速度,增强系统的稳定性,采用最优控制理论对单闭环和双闭环系统进行了分析研究,对参数进行优化,设计了最优控制器,得到最优控制轨线和最优状态轨线.仿真结果表明,系统动态误差小,效果明显.双闭环转速控制系统超调小、过渡时间短,性能要好于单闭环系统.采用最优控制器后,抑制了振荡现象的产生,增强了抗干扰能力,缩短稳定时间,改善了系统的动态性能.