Legal Risks and Governance Strategies for Open Public Data in China

With advancements in information technology and the increasing demand for data-driven governance,the openness of public data has become essential for global governance and social innovation.However,legal risks related to privacy protection,data security,intellectual property,liability allocation,and legal adaptability pose significant challenges to data governance in China.This paper analyzes these risks and proposes three strategies:enhancing the legal framework through clear data classification and accountability mechanisms,establishing regulatory bodies to monitor data usage,and promoting public education on data privacy.These strategies aim to address gaps in legal discourse and guide effective data governance,contributing to the secure development of open data initiatives in China and beyond.

Government Data Openness and Coverage. How do They Affect Trust in European Countries?

Purpose: This paper aims to assess if the extent of openness and the coverage of data sets released by European governments have a significant impact on citizen trust in public institutions.Design/methodology/approach: Data for openness and coverage have been collected from the Open Data Inventory 2018(ODIN), by Open Data Watch;institutional trust is built up as a formative construct based on the European Social Survey(ESS), Round 9. The relations between the open government data features and trust have been tested on the basis of structural equation modelling(SEM).Findings: The paper reveals that as European governments improve data openness, disaggregation, and time coverage, people tend to trust them more. However, the size of the effect is still small and, comparatively, data coverage effect on citizens' confidence is more than twice than the impact of openness.Research limitations: This paper analyzes the causal effect of Open Government Data(OGD) features captured in a certain moment of time. In upcoming years, as OGD is implemented and a more consistent effect on people is expected, time series analysis will provide with a deeper insight.Practical implications: Public officers should continue working in the development of a technological framework that contributes to make OGD truly open. They should improve the added value of the increasing amount of open data currently available in order to boost internal and external innovations valuable both for public agencies and citizens.Originality/value: In a field of knowledge with little quantitative empirical evidence, this paper provides updated support for the positive effect of OGD strategies and it also points out areas of improvement in terms of the value that citizens can get from OGD coverage and openness.

Why Open Government Data? The Case of a Swedish Municipality

Purpose: The purpose of this exploratory study is to provide modern local governments with potential use cases for their open data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making. The concrete context was that of the Vaxjo municipality located in southeastern Sweden.Design/methodology/approach: The methodology was two-fold: 1) a survey of potential end users(n=151) from a local university;and, 2) analysis of survey results using a theoretical model regarding local strategies for implementing open government data.Findings: Most datasets predicted to be useful were on: sustainability and environment;preschool and school;municipality and politics. The use context given is primarily research and development, informing policies and decision making;but also education, informing personal choices, informing citizens and creating services based on open data. Not the least, the need for educating target user groups on data literacy emerged. A tentative pattern comprising a technical perspective on open data and a social perspective on open government was identified. Research limitations: In line with available funding, the nature of the study was exploratory and implemented as an anonymous web-based survey of employees and students at the local university. Further research involving(qualitative) surveys with all stakeholders would allow for creating a more complete picture of the matter. Practical implications: The study determines potential use cases and use contexts for open government data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making.Originality/value: Modern local governments, and especially in Sweden, are faced with a challenge of how to make their data open, how to learn about which types of data will be most relevant for their end users and what will be different societal purposes. The paper contributes to knowledge that modern local governments can resort to when it comes to attitudes of local citizens to open government data in the context of an open government data perspective.

Open Source Initiatives for Big Data Governance and Security:A Survey

With the rapid development of lnternet technology, the volume of data has increased exponentially. As the large amounts of data are no longer easy to be managed and secured by the owners, big data security and privacy has become a hot issue. One of the most popular research fields for solving the data security and data privacy is within the scope of big data governance and security, In this paper, we introduce the basic concepts of data governance and security. Then, all the state-of-the-art open source frameworks for data governance and security, including Apache Falcon, Apache Atlas, Apache Ranger, Apache Sentry and Kerberos, are detailed and discussed with descriptions of their implementation principles and possible applications.

政府信息公开对地理信息资源开发利用的影响——基于NYC open data计划的案例研究

公开政府数据已经成为政府信息公开的新趋势,而随着各国政府数据公开计划的推进与实施,相关信息资源的深度利用越发受到关注,由此所催生的相关产业的发展前景也被普遍看好。本文以纽约市政府数据公开计划为例,利用案例研究的方法,探究政府信息公开对于地理信息资源开发利用的影响。研究结果表明:随着政府所掌握的地理信息资源的公开,地理信息资源产品将向着功能多样、有效程度高的方向发展,用户将获得更好的使用体验,进而推动地理信息资源产业的发展;同时,政府信息公开所带来的地理信息资源开发利用的深化,将加快智慧城市的建设步伐。

“开放数据”(Open Data)的基本逻辑——以NYC Open Data为样本

为了加强政府的责任和响应能力,提高公共机构的运作水平和相互之间的协同效率,回应公众对公共数据的需求,创造新的经济机会,一些政府以立法的形式,正在运用最新的大数据技术建设开放数据系统。系统所体现的知识开放性的科学规范尊重,建设者缜密的计划,公开而严格的技术标准,以及高度的开放性和互动性,给我们提供了极佳的启示。

公共数据开放共享的数据中台构建探析

[目的/意义]公共数据开放共享是国家公共服务发展和数字化建设的关键因素。数智时代,对于如何融入数据价值创造、智慧共享的理念,以提高公共数据开放共享水平和效率,满足社会和公众的公共数据需求,需要探索新的研究方法和实现路径。[方法/过程]采用文献调研的方法,梳理我国公共数据开放共享实践的发展过程和研究现状。结合信息经济学五大原理,分析数据中台对于公共数据开放共享的价值,采用实证研究的方法,从总体框架、策略路径以及实践关键点设计方面构建基于数据中台的公共数据开放共享模式。[结果/结论]基于数据中台的公共数据开放共享模式构建,是在公共数据仓储基础上对整个业务流程的重组和再造,需要从组织、标准、机制和安全等方面来共同保障。是整个公共数据能力的复用,可以更好地满足社会、组织和个人的公共数据需求。

政府数据开放研究的国际比较与中国未来发展思路

开放政府运动推进了全球范围内的政府数据开放共享。如何更好利用政府开放数据,进而推动政治民主和社会进步成为迫切需要讨论的问题。通过文献计量分析探讨自2000年以来国内外学者关于政府数据开放的研究脉络、合作情况、研究热点及发展趋势,运用CiteSpace知识图谱结合国内外政府数据开放进行比较研究。研究发现,国外政府数据开放不同学科融合较好,对数据的利用程度更高,已经开始尝试将人工智能应用到政府数据开放平台上。针对所得出的国内外比较结果,对国内政府数据开放提出以下建议:加强与人工智能的融合、加强对数据的利用效率和与其他学科系统的融合,最后由政府端下沉到公民端。

澳大利亚开放政府数据的元数据标准--对Data.gov.au的调研与启示

我国政府数据元数据标准规范的研究尚处于起步阶段,元数据标准对于促进政府数据开放共享具有重要意义。文章选取澳大利亚开放政府数据平台Data.gov.au为研究对象,调查并分析其元数据标准的元素组成、数据格式、语法结构等。得到如下启示:建立统一的政府数据元数据标准,发布多种数据开放格式和设置专门的开放政府数据元数据标准管理维护机构。

Open sharing ofgovernment data and enterprise decision making

Data is a key factor of production in the so-called"digital economy"era.Thus,it is important to promote government data opening and sharing to advance the high-quality development of a digital economy.The article first constructs an evolutionary game model of government data opening and sharing(with local governments and enterprises as game participants)by combining realistic scenarios and evolutionary game models.Then,it discusses the evolutionary stabilization strategies under different scenarios in a categorical manner.Finally,it uses MATLAB to conduct numerical simulations to verify the accuracy of the model and analyze the key influencing factors.Several results were obtained.(1)the optimal evolutionary path to promote government data opening and sharing is for enterprises to choose to"use data"and for local governments to choose the"positive sharing"strategy,and the enterprises'decision is the internal driver.(2)The value of data assets provided by local governments when applying the"positive sharing"strategy,the cost of data used by enterprises,and the data value conversion rate of enterprises are the key factors influencing the decisions of both parties.To promote open sharing and exploitation of government data,enterprises should enhance their independent innovation capabilities,while governments should enhance the value of data assets and continuously optimize their business environments.

数字生态视角下公共数据安全保障体系研究

[目的/意义]数字生态可积极地指导和推进公共数据安全保障,为公共数据开放利用中安全问题的解决提供新视野,助力公共数据开放利用的可持续发展。[方法/过程]利用思辨法,在解析数字生态理论框架的基础上,构建了数字生态视角下公共数据安全保障体系。[结果/结论]公共数据安全保障支撑体系、公共数据安全基础设施体系、公共数据安全能力体系、公共数据安全政策制度体系和公共数据安全保障运营体系构成的公共数据安全保障体系,可有效平衡公共数据开放利用与安全保障的关系。

地方政府数据开放绩效的影响要素与提升路径——基于26省的模糊集定性比较分析

近年来,我国地方政府数据开放取得了重要进展,目前已有26个省级政府上线了政府数据开放平台,但数据开放绩效存在较大差异。同属经济发达地区的上海和江苏数据开放绩效差距明显,位于西部欠发达地区的贵州却取得较高的数据开放绩效,山东省、广西、江西省等数据开放起步较晚,但在短时间内绩效提升显著。运用模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA),以26个省级政府数据开放平台为样本,对数据开放绩效进行组态分析,分析出政府数据开放绩效的关键影响要素和高绩效组态路径,以期为提升地方政府数据开放绩效提供思路。研究表明,地方政府数据开放高绩效的实现路径包括综合驱动、行政驱动、产业驱动、社会驱动四种。地方政府应综合考虑本地基础要素和发展需求,精准识别汇聚地缘优势且可能产生良好收益的关键驱动要素,并对其进行针对性引导和扶持,通过行政赋能、资源吸纳、主体互动等方式发挥关键要素的驱动作用,确立起本地竞争优势,推动地方政府数据开放绩效的持续动态提升。

面向价值共创的政府数据开放服务生态系统研究

服务生态系统是当前价值共创研究的重要领域,针对当前政府数据开放面临的数据利用率低、数据价值挖掘浅层等困境,引入服务生态系统理论,旨在探索一种协调可持续的政府数据开放价值共创方式。本文在把握政府数据开放服务生态系统内涵的基础上,梳理政府数据开放服务生态系统的参与主体、客体资源、外部环境等关键要素,构建以促进价值共创为核心目标的政府数据开放服务生态系统。为确保此生态系统模型的理论前瞻性与实践可行性,以上海开放数据应用创新大赛为例,从微观、中观、宏观3个层面总结价值共创模式,并提出政府数据开放服务生态系统价值共创的实现机制。以期通过各方协作,实现资源整合与价值共创,为政府数据开放价值释放提供有益参考。

同质与差异:基于结构主题模型的美国政府数据开放政策叙事研究

[目的/意义]随着数智时代的到来,政府数据开放愈发受到关注。现有研究从不同维度探讨了开放政府数据政策,但较少关注政策叙事的同质性和差异性。[方法/过程]以美国政府数据开放政策为例,使用结构主题模型识别政策主题,进而运用叙事政策框架从背景、情节、人物和寓意4个维度分析政策叙事,并考察美国联邦政府和各州政府政策叙事的同质性和差异性。[结果/结论]美国政府数据开放政策主要有5种政策叙事,由于经济发展水平、地理位置等原因,不同地区的政策叙事有所不同。

An open dataset of data lineage graphs for data governance research

Data have become valuable assets for enterprises.Data governance aims to manage and reuse data assets,facilitating enterprise management and enabling product innovations.A data lineage graph(DLG)is an abstracted collection of data assets and their data lineages in data governance.Analyzing DLGs can provide rich data insights for data governance.However,the progress of data governance technologies is hindered by the shortage of available open datasets for DLGs.This paper introduces an open dataset of DLGs,including the DLG model,the dataset construction process,and applied areas.This real-world dataset is sourced from Huawei Cloud Computing Technology Company Limited,which contains 18 DLGs with three types of data assets and two types of relations.To the best of our knowledge,this dataset is the first open dataset of DLGs for data governance.This dataset can also support the development of other application areas,such as graph analytics and visualization.

基于微信生态圈的政府数据开放平台研究

在大数据时代背景下,以数据挖掘和应用为基础的智慧城市建设已成为城市发展的必然趋势。作为社会管理与城市治理的主体,政府所形成并管理的数据资源约占全社会总量的80%。有效治理这些数据不仅能产生新的价值,也有助于加速智慧城市建设的推进。文章将对政府数据开放进行解构,揭示其与微信生态圈之间的逻辑关系及作用机制;同时,将探讨当前政府数据开放面临的主要困境,并寻求基于微信生态圈的政府数据开放发展实践路径的潜在可能性。这对我国政府数据开放平台的优质发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。

面向用户服务的美国政府开放数据研究及启示——以美国Data.gov网站为例

[目的/意义]随着大数据时代的到来,拥有丰富数据的各国政府开始从信息公开走向数据开放。作为一种新的潮流和趋势,各国政府在进行政府数据开放时,应顺应Web2.0时代的要求,以用户为中心,以公众的需求为导向,面向用户提供服务。通过对美国政府开放数据网站面向用户服务的研究,结合我国的实际情况,阐述该网站对我国政府数据开放的启示。[方法/过程]从各国的实践来看,美国的国家级政府开放数据平台Data.gov为各国提供了很好的学习案例。以Data.gov网站的板块设置为依据,从"数据提供""数据检索""数据利用"以及"与用户的交流与互动"4个层面对该网站面向用户提供的服务进行了详细介绍与分析。[结果/结论]对我国的启示有:建设一站式的政府数据开放平台;基于用户需求逐步开放政府数据;以用户为中心,提升用户体验;鼓励用户参与,发挥数据价值;将数据开放纳入政府工作绩效评估体系。

Open data in spatial data infrastructure:the practices and experiences of Poland

As an important facilitator in e-government and society in general,Open SDI merits an assessment of its characteristics and the monitoring of its development.The aim of the study was the proposal of the SDI openness assessment approach based on existing openness assessment frameworks,as well as the presentation of the Polish Spatial Data Infrastructure(PSDI)development towards openness.The results indicated that ten geodetic and cartographic databases fulfilled ten out of eleven criteria of data openness,according to the methodological assumptions,and reached a 3-star level of openness.The need for further development of the infrastructure towards sharing public administration data is recognized,as well as non-governmental data that meet the open data criteria,thus contributing to the openness of the SDI.The proposed assessment method,referenced to a five-level data openness system and providing clear scoring benchmarking for assessing SDI openness,may be used for comparative analysis of SDI openness in different countries,including EU Member States that draw on the experience of the implementation of the INSPIRE Directive.

政府数据开放到公共数据开放的嬗变

[目的/意义]分析政府数据开放到公共数据开放的嬗变有利于数据开放活动的健康发展,促进数据要素流通。[方法/过程]在梳理政府数据开放和公共数据开放两者关系基础上,从创新扩散理论出发分析嬗变的三维度表现及嬗变动力。[结果/结论]嬗变动力共有技术、组织和环境三个维度下的9个关键驱动因素,并提出了6个嬗变的趋势。

我国地方数据政策体系的构建进展与展望

[目的/意义]研究我国地方数据政策体系的构建情况,旨在明确各地数据政策制定的进展与提点,进而推动政策体系的优化建设。[方法/过程]对31个省级政府的数据政策进行统计,并采用文本分析法梳理政策的总体内容框架,基于此,对比与解析政策内容的地区差异。[结果/结论]我国地方数据政策的发布可划分为国家信息化发展时期、大数据发展时期以及数据要素市场化时期三个阶段;政策总体内容框架包含数据基本内涵、数据资源建设、数据共享、数据开放、数据资产化、数据安全6大要点;不同地区涵盖上述政策要点的程度不同,也显示了我国数据政策在地方层面的特点。由此,我国地方数据政策需进一步面向多元数据对象、多层数据行动、多元责任主体,实现内容的体系化建设,并为国家数据政策体系的优化发展提供参考。