The deflection angle of a river bend plays an important role on behaviours of the flow within it, and a clear understanding of the angle's influence is significant in both theoretical study and engineering applica...The deflection angle of a river bend plays an important role on behaviours of the flow within it, and a clear understanding of the angle's influence is significant in both theoretical study and engineering application. This paper presents a systematic numerical investigation on effects of deflection angles(30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, and 180°) on flow phenomena and their evolution in open-channel bends using a Re-Normalization Group(RNG) κ-ε model and a volume of fluid(VOF) method. The numerical results indicate that the deflection angle is a key factor for flows in bends. It is shown that the maximum transverse slope of water surface occurs at the middle cross section of a bend, and it increases with the deflection angle. Besides a major vortex, or, the primary circulation cell near the channel bottom, a secondary vortex, or, an outer bank cell, may also appear above the former and near the outer bank when the deflection angle is sufficiently large, and it will gradually migrate towards the inner bank and evolve into an inner bank cell. The strength of the secondary circulations increases with the deflection angle. The simulation demonstrates that there is alow-stress zone on the bed near the outer bank and a high-stress zone on the bed near the inner bank, and both of them increase in size with the deflection angle. The maximum of shear stress on the inner bank increases nonlinearly with the angle, and its maximums on the outer bank and on the bed take place when the deflection angle becomes 120°.展开更多
Compound open channel flows appear in most natural rivers are of great importance in river management and flood control.In this study,large eddy simulations were carried out to simulate the compound open channel flows...Compound open channel flows appear in most natural rivers are of great importance in river management and flood control.In this study,large eddy simulations were carried out to simulate the compound open channel flows with four different depth ratios(hr=0.10,0.25,0.50,and 0.75).The main flow velocity,secondary flow,Reynolds stress,and bed shear stress were obtained from numerical simulations.The depth-averaged stream wise momentum equation was used to quantify the lateral momentum exchange between the main channel and floodplain.The instantaneous coherent structures were presented by the Q criterion method.The impact of hr on flow structure and turbulence charac-teristics was analyzed.The results showed that with the increase of hr,the high velocity area in the main channel shifted to the floodplain,and the dip phenomenon became more obvious;the Reynolds stress largely contributed to the lateral momentum exchange within the flows near the side walls of floodplain;and the vortex structures were found to significantly increase in the floodplain region.展开更多
Pulsating turbulent open channel flow has been investigated by the use ofLarge Eddy Simulation (LES) tech-nique coupled with dynamic Sub-Grid-Scale (SGS) model for turbulentSGS stress to closure the governing equation...Pulsating turbulent open channel flow has been investigated by the use ofLarge Eddy Simulation (LES) tech-nique coupled with dynamic Sub-Grid-Scale (SGS) model for turbulentSGS stress to closure the governing equations. Three-dimensional filtered Navier-Stokes equationsare numerically solved by a fractional — step method. The objective of this study is to deal withthe behavior of the pulsating turbulent open channel flow and to examine the reliability of the LESapproach for predicting the pulsating turbulent flow. In this study, the Reynolds number (Re_τ) ischosen as 180 based on the friction velocity and the channel depth. The frequency of the drivingpressure gradient for the pulsating turbulent flow ranges low, medium and high value. Statisticalturbulence quantities as well as the flow structures are analyzed.展开更多
The 3-D large eddy simulation(LES) model is used to simulate the strongly curved open channel turbulent flow. A kinematic equation is established to determine the position of free-surface. The numerical equations are ...The 3-D large eddy simulation(LES) model is used to simulate the strongly curved open channel turbulent flow. A kinematic equation is established to determine the position of free-surface. The numerical equations are solved with two-step explicit MacCromack scheme. The results are compared with laboractory measurement and other numerical solution. It is shown that the results by LES open channel model agree with the measurement better than that of the k-ε model. Further more,the coherent turbulent structure of the open channel flow is different from the close-conduit at the upper layer of the channel.展开更多
The self-aeration in open channel flows, called white waters, is a phenomenon seen in spillways and steep chutes. The air distribution in the flow is always an important and fundamental issue. The present study develo...The self-aeration in open channel flows, called white waters, is a phenomenon seen in spillways and steep chutes. The air distribution in the flow is always an important and fundamental issue. The present study develops a numerical model to predict the air concentration distribution in self-aerated open channel flows, by taking the air-water flow as consisting of a low flow region and an upper flow region. On the interface between the two regions, the air concentration is 0.5. In the low flow region where air concentration is lower than 0.5, air bubbles diffuse in the water flow by turbulent transport fluctuations, and in the upper region where air concentration is higher than 0.5, water droplets and free surface roughness diffuse in the air. The air concentration distributions obtained from the diffusion model are in good agreement with measured data both in the uniform equilibrium region and in the self-aerated developing region. It is demonstrated that the numerical model provides a reasonable description of the self-aeration region in open channel flows.展开更多
采用气液两相流混合模型对不同交汇角度下等宽明渠交汇口三维水力特性进行了数值模拟研究。选取大涡模型(Large Eddy Model)封闭两相流时均方程,求解速度与压力耦合方程组时使用半隐式SIMPLE(Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked ...采用气液两相流混合模型对不同交汇角度下等宽明渠交汇口三维水力特性进行了数值模拟研究。选取大涡模型(Large Eddy Model)封闭两相流时均方程,求解速度与压力耦合方程组时使用半隐式SIMPLE(Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations)算法,模拟自由水面采用VOF(Volume of Fluid)法。将交汇角度为90°时采用大涡模型计算得到的纵向截面水面线和不同测线上的速度分布与文献中的试验结果相比较,两者吻合良好,且水面线高度误差在4.2%以内,由此可见大涡模型是模拟交汇口水力特性的有效方法。进而将大涡模型用于模拟交汇角度为30°、45°、60°的交汇口水流,得到交汇口处的水深变化及流场的分布规律,并定量分析了交汇口下游各横断面流速不均匀系数的分布规律。结果表明:在整体上交汇角度越大,交汇口各特征横断面流速不均匀系数越大,即水流流速分布越不均匀。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:51579162,51879174 and 51379137)the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University(SKHL1301,SKHL1509)
文摘The deflection angle of a river bend plays an important role on behaviours of the flow within it, and a clear understanding of the angle's influence is significant in both theoretical study and engineering application. This paper presents a systematic numerical investigation on effects of deflection angles(30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, and 180°) on flow phenomena and their evolution in open-channel bends using a Re-Normalization Group(RNG) κ-ε model and a volume of fluid(VOF) method. The numerical results indicate that the deflection angle is a key factor for flows in bends. It is shown that the maximum transverse slope of water surface occurs at the middle cross section of a bend, and it increases with the deflection angle. Besides a major vortex, or, the primary circulation cell near the channel bottom, a secondary vortex, or, an outer bank cell, may also appear above the former and near the outer bank when the deflection angle is sufficiently large, and it will gradually migrate towards the inner bank and evolve into an inner bank cell. The strength of the secondary circulations increases with the deflection angle. The simulation demonstrates that there is alow-stress zone on the bed near the outer bank and a high-stress zone on the bed near the inner bank, and both of them increase in size with the deflection angle. The maximum of shear stress on the inner bank increases nonlinearly with the angle, and its maximums on the outer bank and on the bed take place when the deflection angle becomes 120°.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grants No.B200202116 and B200204044)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51879086)the 111 Project from the Minstry of Education and State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs of China(Grant No.B17015).
文摘Compound open channel flows appear in most natural rivers are of great importance in river management and flood control.In this study,large eddy simulations were carried out to simulate the compound open channel flows with four different depth ratios(hr=0.10,0.25,0.50,and 0.75).The main flow velocity,secondary flow,Reynolds stress,and bed shear stress were obtained from numerical simulations.The depth-averaged stream wise momentum equation was used to quantify the lateral momentum exchange between the main channel and floodplain.The instantaneous coherent structures were presented by the Q criterion method.The impact of hr on flow structure and turbulence charac-teristics was analyzed.The results showed that with the increase of hr,the high velocity area in the main channel shifted to the floodplain,and the dip phenomenon became more obvious;the Reynolds stress largely contributed to the lateral momentum exchange within the flows near the side walls of floodplain;and the vortex structures were found to significantly increase in the floodplain region.
文摘Pulsating turbulent open channel flow has been investigated by the use ofLarge Eddy Simulation (LES) tech-nique coupled with dynamic Sub-Grid-Scale (SGS) model for turbulentSGS stress to closure the governing equations. Three-dimensional filtered Navier-Stokes equationsare numerically solved by a fractional — step method. The objective of this study is to deal withthe behavior of the pulsating turbulent open channel flow and to examine the reliability of the LESapproach for predicting the pulsating turbulent flow. In this study, the Reynolds number (Re_τ) ischosen as 180 based on the friction velocity and the channel depth. The frequency of the drivingpressure gradient for the pulsating turbulent flow ranges low, medium and high value. Statisticalturbulence quantities as well as the flow structures are analyzed.
文摘The 3-D large eddy simulation(LES) model is used to simulate the strongly curved open channel turbulent flow. A kinematic equation is established to determine the position of free-surface. The numerical equations are solved with two-step explicit MacCromack scheme. The results are compared with laboractory measurement and other numerical solution. It is shown that the results by LES open channel model agree with the measurement better than that of the k-ε model. Further more,the coherent turbulent structure of the open channel flow is different from the close-conduit at the upper layer of the channel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.51179113)the Doctoral Program of China Education Ministry(Grant No.20120181110083)
文摘The self-aeration in open channel flows, called white waters, is a phenomenon seen in spillways and steep chutes. The air distribution in the flow is always an important and fundamental issue. The present study develops a numerical model to predict the air concentration distribution in self-aerated open channel flows, by taking the air-water flow as consisting of a low flow region and an upper flow region. On the interface between the two regions, the air concentration is 0.5. In the low flow region where air concentration is lower than 0.5, air bubbles diffuse in the water flow by turbulent transport fluctuations, and in the upper region where air concentration is higher than 0.5, water droplets and free surface roughness diffuse in the air. The air concentration distributions obtained from the diffusion model are in good agreement with measured data both in the uniform equilibrium region and in the self-aerated developing region. It is demonstrated that the numerical model provides a reasonable description of the self-aeration region in open channel flows.
文摘采用气液两相流混合模型对不同交汇角度下等宽明渠交汇口三维水力特性进行了数值模拟研究。选取大涡模型(Large Eddy Model)封闭两相流时均方程,求解速度与压力耦合方程组时使用半隐式SIMPLE(Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations)算法,模拟自由水面采用VOF(Volume of Fluid)法。将交汇角度为90°时采用大涡模型计算得到的纵向截面水面线和不同测线上的速度分布与文献中的试验结果相比较,两者吻合良好,且水面线高度误差在4.2%以内,由此可见大涡模型是模拟交汇口水力特性的有效方法。进而将大涡模型用于模拟交汇角度为30°、45°、60°的交汇口水流,得到交汇口处的水深变化及流场的分布规律,并定量分析了交汇口下游各横断面流速不均匀系数的分布规律。结果表明:在整体上交汇角度越大,交汇口各特征横断面流速不均匀系数越大,即水流流速分布越不均匀。
