Research on Practical Pathways of Strengthening Labor Education for College and University Students in the New Era

Labor education is an essential component of college and university education that can help students to develop a strong work ethic,acquire practical skills,and better understand the value of work.Strengthening labor education for college and university students is an urgent need of the high-quality development of the society and the internal requirement of promoting the all-round development of individuals.This study analyzes the importance of strengthening labor education for college and university students in the new era and proposes four practical pathways which draw on labor courses and campus activities,social practices,scientific research projects,and internships.After implementing these pathways,a survey of 967 students showed that students’understanding and awareness of labor was deepened,their hands-on skills and interests in science and labor practices were improved,and they became more cordially respectful to the working class.Taken together,the exploration and practice of these pathways helps college and university students to recognize their abilities,strengths,and interests,and guides them to form good labor habits that permeate all aspects of their studies and lives.

Appropriate Attitude and Principle for Strengthening Human Rights Protection——Speech at the opening ceremony of the 12th Sino-German Human Rights Symposium, July 13, 2014

Since 1999, there have been 11 Sino-German Human Rights symposiums. Due to the concept of peace and development and the principle of dialogue through consultation, non- confrontation and pragmatism with equality, which have been upheld by organizers, such symposiums have made great achievements. The dialogue mechanism for human rights topics between China and Germany has helped construct a common, accessible and interactive platform for pushing forward human rights legal advancement in both countries, which has brought about a positive influence on the develop- ment of the human rights cause in the two countries. Strengthening legal construction and ensuring hu- man rights are not only the shared aspiration of all the people in the world, but also the irreversible his- torical trend of human civilization. The symposium, with the theme of international law and human rights protection, encourages participants to discuss and share theories and practices in human rights studies, which makes a significant contribu- tion to enriching the modern human rights concept and building a new type of international cooperation. The international community always pays great attention to the relation- ship between human rights and legal governance. China always abides by international human rights con- ventions including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which set up fundamental principles for promoting and ensuring human rights, and has endorsed 26 inter- national human rights conventions such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Meanwhile, China, through legislation, jurisdiction and admin- istration, brings into full play the active role of international human rights conventions in ensuring hu- man rights in the country.

An Research on the Model Design of the Academic Education's Credit Transfer in the Open University

Based on the analyses of the credit bank both at home and abroad, explore the effective way to construct the credit transfer model, find out the main problems in the process of transferring, design a much better model, formulate a new standard for credit transfer and carry out the research on the model design of the academic education's credit transfer in the open university.

Attitude, Perception and Use of E-Learning at Open University Malaysia

To ensure the success of the e-learning initiatives,OUM has developed its own e-learning management system,known as myLMS.Since its introduction,many modifications and improvements have been introduced to increase its effectiveness.It is now timely that OUM take stock of its students'attitudes towards e-learning.Thus,a survey was conducted on about 1,000 students at one of OUM's own learning centres,that is,the Kelantan Regional Centrel.The study indicated that generally the teacher cohort had a somewhat neutral attitude towards e-learning.The use of e-learning was more specifically aimed at achieving short term goals of obtaining good coursework and examination grades by capitalizing on the use of the Discussion Board and Courseware.A closer examination reveals that the females prefer the Discussion Board while the males prefer the Courseware.Learners in the Engineering and English programmes had more positive attitudes towards e-learning compared to learners in the Mathematics and Science programme. Learners with CGPA＞3.0 who are categorized as high achievers are more positive towards e-learning as compared to the low achievers(CGPA＜3.0).Age difference,learners‘income per month,learners’Internet and e-learning habits were also found to be predictors of attitude towards e-learning.

The University-City Interface: Plazas and Boulevards

It has become an increased challenge for designers to define the boundaries between the university and its surrounding city. The amount of space serving as a nexus between universities and urban areas is gradually increasing. This study defines such intermediate spaces as “the university-city interface”—areas that influence the university’s physical and functional connection to the surrounding city. The research presents comparative case studies of three universities in urban contexts—Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania, and Université Catholique de Louvain— by analyzing plazas and boulevards. These representative open spaces provide interfaces for both the university campuses and their surrounding cities. This paper analyzes design elements from the perspective of campus spatial structure, as well as locations and functions, to develop a comparative checklist for plazas and boulevards. The results offer a set of urban design principles for university plazas and boulevards that could significantly improve the quality of the university-city relationship. While these checklists and principles may vary depending on circumstances, they can be useful starting points for initializing design processes.

How to Optimize the Management of Science and Technology Funds in Colleges and Universities Based on the Policy of Streamlining Administration,Delegating Powers,Improving Regulation,and Strengthening Services

To advance the field of science and technology,we need to revitalize the development of science and technology through innovation.The development of science and technology has many beneficial implications on the revitalization of the country.For this reason,universities in China should give full attention to their role as the main propeller of science and technology.“Streamlining administration,delegating powers,improving regulation,and strengthening services”is a policy issued by the Chinese government for the management of science and technology funds in colleges and universities.Based on the policy of“streamlining administration,delegating powers,improving regulation,and strengthening services,”colleges and universities must optimize the management of science and technology funds for their efficient use.In this paper,we analyzed the importance of the policy and put forward an effective management strategy,aiming to improve the management of science and technology funds in colleges and universities.

Strengthening International Cooperation, Working for World Human Rights Development——Speech at the opening ceremony of the 12th Sino-German Human Rights Symposium, July 13, 2014

The 12th Sino-German Human Rights Symposium opened today in Beijing. On behalf of the State Council Information Office, I would like to express my warmest con- gratulations on the opening of the forum, extend my welcome to Ms. Herta Daeubler-Gmelin and other German friends and my gratitude to symposium organizers and all participants for your long-term contribution to communication and exchange in human rights between China and Germany.

On the Development of Teachers’ Competence in Local Open Universities under the Impact of MOOCs

With the rapid development of network technology and digital construction,the era of“Internet+”has come,and“MOOCs”has brought a new revolution to education circles.The Open University,which takes modern distance education as its basic education model,has put forward higher requirements for its teachers’competence.This paper analyzes the difficulties of teachers’competence under the impact of“Internet+”in order to improve the development of teachers’competence in local Open University.

开放大学发展社区教育制约因素与对策研究

针对地方开放大学发展社区教育面临思想认识不到位、办学体系不健全、运作模式滞后、办学经费匮乏和师资队伍不足等问题及制约因素,从提高政治站位、创新办学理念、实现社区教育和老年教育融合发展等方面提出发展社区教育的对策与建议,为办好社区教育、推进学习型社会做出新贡献。

高校大型仪器开放实验室网络培训体系的探索

大型仪器在高校人才培养和科研测试服务中发挥着重要作用,系统的培训体系是高校大型仪器共享平台高效运行的基本保障,也是高校推进一流教育和拔尖人才培养的客观要求。系统性规范化的网络培训模式有利于提升培训的效果。通过构建包含安全培训及考核、仪器使用培训及考核、仪器原理及应用技巧、仪器测试成果与前沿展示互动交流于一体的网络资源平台,探索基于此平台的培训管理体系和长效完备的学习支撑体系,为高校大型仪器开放共享与人才培养体系建设提供了新思路。

英国高校科研数据共享实践及其启示——以罗素大学集团为例

文章以英国罗素大学集团为研究对象,通过网站调研梳理其成员高校的科研数据共享实践情况、服务内容及效果,总结其服务特点,并探讨其对我国高校科研数据共享服务的启示,即制定数据共享服务政策,推动校内部门协同合作;提升服务理念,渐进式扩展服务内容;培育馆员数字素养,构建专业化服务团队;拓展服务方式,提高科研人员数据共享能力。

改进行为克隆与DDPG的无人驾驶决策模型

无人驾驶技术的关键是决策层根据感知环节输入信息做出准确指令。强化学习和模仿学习比传统规则更适用于复杂场景。但以行为克隆为代表的模仿学习存在复合误差问题,使用优先经验回放算法对行为克隆进行改进,提升模型对演示数据集的拟合能力;原DDPG(deep deterministic policy gradient)算法存在探索效率低下问题,使用经验池分离以及随机网络蒸馏技术(random network distillation,RND)对DDPG算法进行改进,提升DDPG算法训练效率。使用改进后的算法进行联合训练,减少DDPG训练前期的无用探索。通过TORCS(the open racing car simulator)仿真平台验证,实验结果表明该方法在相同的训练次数内,能够探索出更稳定的道路保持、速度保持和避障能力。

开放科学背景下高校科技期刊同行评议优化的探讨

同行评议已经是科技期刊出版过程中的一个极其重要的环节。传统同行评议有其自身无法克服的偏倚。在开放科学的背景下,开放同行评议是传统同行评议的改进模式,其审稿流程更加公开透明,主要包括公开作者和审稿人身份、公开审稿内容、作者与审稿人之间或不同审稿人之间可以直接互相交流、开放公众参与、预印本、开放最终版本评论,以及开放平台。其中公开审稿内容、作者与审稿人之间或者不同审稿人之间可以直接互相交流以及开放最终版本评论可能比较适用于高校科技期刊采用,从而优化同行评议。

世界一流大学开放科学数据政策体系框架及内容要素研究

[目的/意义]针对世界一流大学制定的开放科学数据政策体系展开调研分析,以期为国内科研机构制定与完善开放科学数据政策体系提出政策建议。[方法/过程]本研究首先调研了世界一流大学制定的开放科学数据政策体系,其次归纳了其开放科学数据政策体系所包含的政策类型及涉及的相关政策法规,然后分析了各个政策类型应涵盖的与开放科学数据相关的政策内容要素,最后针对我国科研机构制定与完善开放科学数据政策体系提出了政策建议。[结果/结论]建议国内科研机构参考与借鉴世界一流大学的先进政策实践,尽快制定涵盖个人数据保护、科研档案管理、科研诚信管理、科研伦理治理、知识产权保护、数据安全管理等相关政策的开放科学数据政策体系,在政策制定层面支持科学数据、原始资料、科研档案的协同管理,以期确保在科学数据全生命周期内遵守近年来持续调整的各类相关政策法规,并关注科研机构与资助机构、出版机构、数据知识库等其他利益相关者制定的开放科学数据政策之间的政策协同问题。

辽宁开放大学开放教育教学质量提升路径探析

经过四十多年的发展,我国开放大学教育教学已经取得了一定的成就,但是随着开放大学的功能定位从电大时期的以学历教育为重点,逐步转向学历继续教育、非学历继续教育和终身学习服务,辽宁开放大学在教学实践活动中出现了一些新问题。本文依据开放教育教学质量标准,探索符合教育发展规律和发展方向的开放大学教育质量提升路径,以推动辽宁开放教育发展,实现开放大学的教育目标,从而全面提升开放大学教育教学的实效性。

开放教育高质量发展的时代意蕴、理论结构及实践进路

高质量发展既是开放教育贯彻新发展理念的必然要求,也是办好人民满意教育的历史使命,还是回应学习型社会建设的重要举措,是今后很长一个时期引领开放教育改革发展的时代主旋律。基于其在政治、制度、社会、人民、个体五个层面的发展向度,开放教育高质量发展应以更加全面、更加开放、成人成己、向社会化、绿色生态为理论支点,贯穿发展的全过程、全场景、全方位。坚持育人导向并回归教育原点,坚守以质量为底线的开放,向社会化以响应社会需求,修复并重构健康的教育生态系统。在实践层面,需坚持开放再开放的思想引领以实现理念变革,通过对卓越教育观的重新审视以实现质量变革,融合多元利益主体的协同“善治”以实现动力变革,践行面向全民终身教育的供给侧改革以实现效率变革。

开放科学时代高校图书馆信息资源建设服务国家战略之思考

开放科学时代的到来,改变了信息环境和学术交流体系,也为高校图书馆信息资源建设带来了全新的机遇与挑战。面向我国建成教育强国、科技强国、人才强国、文化强国等国家战略,开放科学时代我国高校图书馆信息资源建设亟需在服务国家多重战略的基础上谋求高质量发展。本文提出四个方面的对策:建设符合总体国家安全观的信息资源,打造我国高等教育数字化所需的信息资源体系,夯实科技高水平自立自强的信息资源基础,强化构建中国特色哲学社会科学所需的信息资源支撑。

AIGC对开放教育的影响及开放大学应对之策

AIGC的技术原理在于由深度学习塑造的大模型具备多模态应用能力。在自然语言处理领域,AIGC的“涌现”能力其实起到的是一种偶然巧合的效果。尽管如此,AIGC因其众多能力将不可避免地在教学、学习、管理等多方面影响教育。对开放教育而言,AIGC将可能在课程、平台、交互机制上颠覆开放教育。为此,在管理、教师、技术、业务等层面提出开放大学的应对之策,以期助力开放大学更好地践行国家教育数字化战略行动,更好地服务学习型社会、学习型大国建设。

英国开放大学在线课程设计与开发——学习设计的视角

在国际远程教育领域,课程设计视角已经发生了根本性转变,由促进教师“教”的教学设计转向了促进学生“学”的学习设计。作为国际上大规模倡导和实践学习设计的标杆——英国开放大学已将学习设计深度嵌入在线课程的设计与开发过程当中,其丰富经验值得我国同行学习和借鉴。研究基于学习设计的视角,从理念和实践两个层面对英国开放大学在线课程设计与开发进行系统介绍。在此基础上,结合我国高校在线课程建设现状,提出五个方面的转变:转变课程设计开发视角、转变课程设计开发理念、转变课程设计开发重点、转变课程设计开发方式、转变课程设计开发范式。以期为我国高校在线课程设计与开发提供完整、可操作的理论支撑和实践指导。

分层分类、融合开放:面向民族高校应用型人才培养的课程建设探索

针对民族高校学生基础差距大、学习目标多样、学科交叉能力弱、专业视野局限等实际教学难点,构建了分层分类、融合开放的课程体系,实施分层灵活教学、分类因需培养、融合项目实践、开放联合办学,并将课程思政贯穿始终,使学习基础、学习目标、就业意向不同的学生均能不同程度地掌握专业技术、培养宽广视野、树立四个自信,从而实现基层人才回得去、普遍人才留得下、拔尖人才飞得远。为西南民族大学计算机人才培养的可持续发展提供了有力支撑,也为民族高校及具有相似学情的其他学校发展提供了有益借鉴。