The mix design method of asphalt rubber open-graded friction course （AR-OGFC） by the Marshall test and key technologies of AR-OGFC overlay are studied. Based on the draindown test, the stripping test and the Marshal...The mix design method of asphalt rubber open-graded friction course （AR-OGFC） by the Marshall test and key technologies of AR-OGFC overlay are studied. Based on the draindown test, the stripping test and the Marshall test by different beating times, the asphalt content estimating method and Marshall beat criterion are studied. It is found that the asphalt content of AR-OGFC can be estimated by the formula of Arizona, and the proper Marshall test criterion for AR-OGFC is 50 beats on both sides. By analyzing the influence of gradation on OGFC performance, the gradation of AR-OGFC is recommended, and the amount of aggregate passing 4. 75 mm should be minimized for AR-OGFC. Through investigation of AR-OGFC overlay projects, key technologies such as the treatment of underlying pavement and the selection of tack coat are advanced, and modified emulsified asphalt should be used in AR-OGFC overlay tack coat.展开更多
Thick asphalt pavements with open-graded friction course(OGFC) are exposed to topdown cracking(TDC), a distress consisting of longitudinal cracks that initiate on the pavement surface close to the wheel path and propa...Thick asphalt pavements with open-graded friction course(OGFC) are exposed to topdown cracking(TDC), a distress consisting of longitudinal cracks that initiate on the pavement surface close to the wheel path and propagate downwards. The main objective of this study is to develop a semi-empirical model for the prediction of TDC depth evolution for such pavements. For this purpose, a series of cores were taken from different Italian motorway pavements affected by TDC and analyzed in the laboratory. Cracked cores taken from the wheel path area were analyzed to determine TDC depth, whereas intact cores taken from the middle of the lane(not affected by traffic loadings) were tested to obtain the volumetric and mechanical properties of the OGFC mixture. The proposed model, developed on the basis of the results already available in literature and on the findings of the laboratory investigation, predicts the evolution of TDC depth as a function of the applied traffic loadings(in terms of 12-ton fatigue equivalent single axle loads, i.e., ESALs). The model is sigmoidal with a maximum TDC depth assumed equal to 150 mm. The shape parameter of the sigmoidal function depends on the indirect tensile strength(ITS) of the OGFC mixtures(which takes into account indirectly also the volumetrics and stiffness of the OGFC), whereas the evolutive translation factor depends on the age of the OGFC mixture. After excluding some outliers, the model was able to predict the measured TDC depth very well. Moreover, in-situ observations allowed a preliminary validation of the proposed model. This model can be used in pavement management systems(PMSs) to plan surface repairs due to TDC in a timely manner, thus minimizing pavement damage and maintenance costs.展开更多
The distribution characteristics of air voids in ultrathin asphalt friction course(UAFC) samples with different gradations and compaction methods were statistically analyzed using X-ray computed tomography(CT) and ima...The distribution characteristics of air voids in ultrathin asphalt friction course(UAFC) samples with different gradations and compaction methods were statistically analyzed using X-ray computed tomography(CT) and image analysis techniques. Based on the results, compared with the AC-5 sample, the OGFC-5mixture has a higher air void ratio, a larger air void size and a greater number of air voids, with the distribution of internal air voids being more uniform and their shapes being more rounded. The two-parameter Weibull function was applied to fit the gradation of air voids. The fitting results is good, and the function parameters are sensitive to changes in both mineral gradation and compaction method. Moreover, two homogeneity indices were proposed to evaluate the compaction uniformity of UAFC samples. Compared with the Marshall method,the SGC method is more conducive to improve the compaction uniformity of UAFC samples. The compaction method significantly influences the air void distribution characteristics and compaction uniformity of AC-5sample, but has a less significant impact on OGFC-5 sample. The experimental results in the study provides a solid foundation for further explorations on the internal structure and mixture design of UAFC.展开更多
The design procedure of a dense gap-graded friction course（DGGFC） with coarse aggregate void filling method is presented. Testing results show that a DGGFC mixture possesses a dense stone-matrix structure, good stab...The design procedure of a dense gap-graded friction course（DGGFC） with coarse aggregate void filling method is presented. Testing results show that a DGGFC mixture possesses a dense stone-matrix structure, good stability and almost the same texture depth as stone matrix asphalt （SMA）. It also has a coarse and even surface after paving and has no separation during construction. It is durable and impermeable. It balances and improves the inherent inconsistency of asphalt mixture between the large texture depth for skid resistance and the impermeability for durability. The actual application in the Nanning-Liuzhou Expressway also shows that the performance of the DGGFC is as excellent as that of SMA, while the DGGFC mixture is cheaper than SMA. The DGGFC mixture is good for wearing course of pavement. Further research on DGGFC can be helpful for improving the surface skid resistance, prolonging the life-span period and reducing the construction costs of asphalt pavement.展开更多
文摘The mix design method of asphalt rubber open-graded friction course （AR-OGFC） by the Marshall test and key technologies of AR-OGFC overlay are studied. Based on the draindown test, the stripping test and the Marshall test by different beating times, the asphalt content estimating method and Marshall beat criterion are studied. It is found that the asphalt content of AR-OGFC can be estimated by the formula of Arizona, and the proper Marshall test criterion for AR-OGFC is 50 beats on both sides. By analyzing the influence of gradation on OGFC performance, the gradation of AR-OGFC is recommended, and the amount of aggregate passing 4. 75 mm should be minimized for AR-OGFC. Through investigation of AR-OGFC overlay projects, key technologies such as the treatment of underlying pavement and the selection of tack coat are advanced, and modified emulsified asphalt should be used in AR-OGFC overlay tack coat.
基金sponsored by Autostrade per l’Italia S.p.A.(Italy),which gave both financial and technical support within the framework of the Highway Pavement Evolutive Research(HiPER)project。
文摘Thick asphalt pavements with open-graded friction course(OGFC) are exposed to topdown cracking(TDC), a distress consisting of longitudinal cracks that initiate on the pavement surface close to the wheel path and propagate downwards. The main objective of this study is to develop a semi-empirical model for the prediction of TDC depth evolution for such pavements. For this purpose, a series of cores were taken from different Italian motorway pavements affected by TDC and analyzed in the laboratory. Cracked cores taken from the wheel path area were analyzed to determine TDC depth, whereas intact cores taken from the middle of the lane(not affected by traffic loadings) were tested to obtain the volumetric and mechanical properties of the OGFC mixture. The proposed model, developed on the basis of the results already available in literature and on the findings of the laboratory investigation, predicts the evolution of TDC depth as a function of the applied traffic loadings(in terms of 12-ton fatigue equivalent single axle loads, i.e., ESALs). The model is sigmoidal with a maximum TDC depth assumed equal to 150 mm. The shape parameter of the sigmoidal function depends on the indirect tensile strength(ITS) of the OGFC mixtures(which takes into account indirectly also the volumetrics and stiffness of the OGFC), whereas the evolutive translation factor depends on the age of the OGFC mixture. After excluding some outliers, the model was able to predict the measured TDC depth very well. Moreover, in-situ observations allowed a preliminary validation of the proposed model. This model can be used in pavement management systems(PMSs) to plan surface repairs due to TDC in a timely manner, thus minimizing pavement damage and maintenance costs.
基金Funded by Technology Innovation Demonstration Project of the Transportation Department of Yunnan Province (Science and Technology Education Section of Transport Department of Yunnan Province [2019](No.14)。
文摘The distribution characteristics of air voids in ultrathin asphalt friction course(UAFC) samples with different gradations and compaction methods were statistically analyzed using X-ray computed tomography(CT) and image analysis techniques. Based on the results, compared with the AC-5 sample, the OGFC-5mixture has a higher air void ratio, a larger air void size and a greater number of air voids, with the distribution of internal air voids being more uniform and their shapes being more rounded. The two-parameter Weibull function was applied to fit the gradation of air voids. The fitting results is good, and the function parameters are sensitive to changes in both mineral gradation and compaction method. Moreover, two homogeneity indices were proposed to evaluate the compaction uniformity of UAFC samples. Compared with the Marshall method,the SGC method is more conducive to improve the compaction uniformity of UAFC samples. The compaction method significantly influences the air void distribution characteristics and compaction uniformity of AC-5sample, but has a less significant impact on OGFC-5 sample. The experimental results in the study provides a solid foundation for further explorations on the internal structure and mixture design of UAFC.
文摘The design procedure of a dense gap-graded friction course（DGGFC） with coarse aggregate void filling method is presented. Testing results show that a DGGFC mixture possesses a dense stone-matrix structure, good stability and almost the same texture depth as stone matrix asphalt （SMA）. It also has a coarse and even surface after paving and has no separation during construction. It is durable and impermeable. It balances and improves the inherent inconsistency of asphalt mixture between the large texture depth for skid resistance and the impermeability for durability. The actual application in the Nanning-Liuzhou Expressway also shows that the performance of the DGGFC is as excellent as that of SMA, while the DGGFC mixture is cheaper than SMA. The DGGFC mixture is good for wearing course of pavement. Further research on DGGFC can be helpful for improving the surface skid resistance, prolonging the life-span period and reducing the construction costs of asphalt pavement.
