Partial transmitting sequence method based on trellis factor search

To obtain good trade-offs between complexity and performance onpeak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)using partial transmitting sequence (PTS) schemes, a trellis structure based PTS factor searchmethod is proposed. The trellis search is with a variant constraint length L_C, 1 ≤ L_C ≤ V-1,where V is the number of PTS subblocks. The method is to decide a PTS factor by searching all thepossible paths obtained by varying L_C consecutive factors. The trellis search can be viewed as ageneral PTS factor search model. If L_C = V-1, it is a full search, and if L_C = 1, it is aniterative search. Using different constraint lengths, trellis factor search PTS exhibits differentPAPR reduction performances. A larger L_C results in a better performance and L_C = V-1 results inthe optimum. However, a larger L_C requires more computation. This helps to choose a good trade-offbetween complexity and performance.

Design of super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes based on trace criterion

A design of super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes （SOSTTCs） based on the trace criterion （TC） is proposed for improving the design of SOSTTCs. The shortcomings of the rank and determinant criteria based design and the advantages of the TC-based design are analyzed. The optimization principle of four factors is presented, which includes the space-time block coding （STBC） scheme, set partitioning, trellis structure, and the assignment of signal subsets and STBC schemes in the trellis. According to this principle, systematical and handcrafted design steps are given in detail. By constellation expansion, the code performance can be further improved. The code design results are given, and the new codes outperform others in the simulation.

国产下腔静脉滤器保护下Trellis振动溶栓仪治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床观察

目的:评价国产下腔静脉滤器保护下Trellis振动溶栓仪治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的作用。方法:全组10例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者,首先放置国产下腔静脉滤器,然后切开股静脉,行Fogarty取栓管取栓,然后进行静脉造影,置入Trellis振动溶栓仪振动溶栓后Fogarty取栓管取栓,再次行静脉造影,比较前后溶栓效果。结果:在国产下腔静脉滤器保护下10例患者均未发生肺栓塞。首次Fogarty取栓管取栓后。7例虽然取出部分血栓,且导管可进入下腔静脉,但静脉造影可见静脉腔内仍有大量附壁血栓,管腔重度狭窄。插入振动溶栓导管进行静脉内振动溶栓后,通过振动溶栓导管吸栓孔可吸出少量已溶解的软血栓。撤出振动溶栓导管再次利用Fogarty取栓管取栓时则可取出大量已部分机化的附壁血栓。再次静脉造影可见静脉腔明显增宽,静脉壁较前明显光滑。2例Fogarty取栓管直接取栓无效,改为先行Trellis振动溶栓仪振动溶栓,有效的溶解了附壁血栓,再行Fogarty取栓管取栓成功。1例无法置入Trellis振动溶栓仪,溶栓失败,有效率90%。结论:国产腔静脉滤器可以有效地预防肺动脉栓塞,Trellis振动溶栓仪可以有效的溶解深静脉血栓,并具有微创、安全等优点。

Performance Comparison of Space-Time Trellis Codes and Space-Time Transmit Diversity under the Same Bandwidth Efficiency

Space time coding can provide high data rate and performance gain for wireless communication system. Performance comparison of space time trellis codes and space time transmit diversity is carried out under the same bandwidth efficiency in this paper. We also propose some optimum low rate space time trellis codes in quasi static Rayleigh fading chan￣nel. Performance analysis and simulation show that the low rate space time trellis codes outperform space time transmit diversity at the same bandwidth efficiency, and are more suitable for the power limited wireless communication system which has no strict requirement on bandwidth efficiency.

A NOVEL PAPR REDUCTION WITH TRELLIS SHAPING FOR NC-OFDM IN COGNITIVE RADIO

In this paper, trellis shaping is applied to reducing the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR) of NC-OFDM signals due to the fact that the total number of active subcarriers and their locations might change continuously in a dynamic spectrum access network.A new branch metric of trellis shaping is proposed which reduces the PAPR of OFDM signals through minimizing the variance of the power by VA decoder.The overall performance considerably depends on the type of signal mapping, and therefore a new type of 64QAM mapping method is designed.Simulation results show that this scheme significantly reduces the PAPR.Finally, a significant phenomenon is demonstrated that the PAPR of NC-OFDM signals in which the deactivated carriers is distributed in the Bernoulli distribution has better performance than that of OFDM signals.

TRELLIS STRUCTURES OF BLOCK CODES AND THEIR DECODING

Trellis structures of block codes are discussed. L-section trellis structures of some BCH codes are presented. A fast maximum likelihood decoding algorithm for BCH codes is proposed correspondingly, the decoding problem of q-ary images of qm-ary block codes is also discussed. The direct-sum partition and the associated decoding algorithms are given for the images.

Performance and EXIT analysis of parallel concatenated space time trellis codes

Space time trellis coding （STTC） techniques have been proposed to achieve both diversity and coding gains in multiple input multiple output （MIMO） fading channels. But with more transmit antennas STTCs suffer from the design dificulty and complexity increasing. This paper proposes a scheme, named parallel concatenated space time trellis codes （PC-STTC）, to achieve the tradeoff between the performances and complexity of STTCs for a large number of transmit antennas. Simulation results and complexity comparison are provided to demonstrate the performance and superiority of the proposed scheme over conventional schemes in fast fading channels in low signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） regions. And an EXIT （extrinsic information transform） chart is given to analyze the iterative convergence of the proposed scheme. It shows that PC-STTC has better iterative convergence in low SNR regions.

A REDUCED-STATE TRELLIS FOR FULL RESPONSE CPM

The error performance of contimuons phase modulation (CPM) with the optimal coherent detection depends on its minimum squared Euclidean distance (MSED). In this paper, a reduced-state trellis for full response CPM is presented under the condition that the MSED is not reduced. and therefore the complexity of the Viterbi decoding is roduced.

Comparison Structure Forms Between Isogrid and Orthogrid of C/E Composite Trellis Wound Structure Based on Calculation of Load-Carrying

This paper calculated load-carrying of isogrid and orthogrid of carbon-epoxy composite trellis wound structure(C/E CTWS) using non-linear finite element method.Based on the analysis,test cases were designed and tests of axial compression were carried.Analysis result and test result fit well.In order to be used in the project,this kind of structure cut-out repairing was calculated.The method presented in this paper has been proved and can be used to solve complicated engineering problems.According to calculations and experimental results combined with application,a principle of choosing wound structure is obtained and principle could be applied to engineering.

Improved Super-Orthogonal Trellis-Coded Spatial Modulation Using STBC-CSM

Trellis coded modulation (TCM) is a scheme that enhances the error performance without extra power not bandwidth. This paper presents a modified Super-Orthogonal Trellis-Coded Spatial Modulation (SOTC-SM) based on a cyclic structure of the Space Time Coding. The developed code benefits from expanded codebook of the Space Time Block Coded Spatial Modulation (STBC-SM) to enhance the coding gain. The set-partitioning and the code design based on the expanded codebook was given for codes with rate of 2 and 3 bps and can be easily extended to higher rates. The Bit-Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated via computer simulation. It was shown that the proposed scheme outperforms the SOTC-SM performance for the same number of transmit antennas.

Beam Pattern Scanning (BPS) versus Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) and Space-Time Trellis Coding (STTC)

In this paper, Beam Pattern Scanning (BPS), a transmit diversity technique, is compared with two well known transmit diversity techniques, space-time block coding (STBC) and space-time trellis coding (STTC). In BPS (also called beam pattern oscillation), controlled time varying weight vectors are applied to the antenna array elements mounted at the base station (BS). This creates a small movement in the antenna array pattern directed toward the desired user. In rich scattering environments, this small beam pattern movement creates an artificial fast fading channel. The receiver is designed to exploit time diversity benefits of the fast fading channel. Via the application of simple combining techniques, BPS improves the probability-of-error performance and network capacity with minimal cost and complexity. In this work, to highlight the potential of the BPS, we compare BPS and Space-Time Coding (i.e., STBC and STTC) schemes. The comparisons are in terms of their complexity, system physical dimension, network capacity, probability-of-error performance, and spectrum efficiency. It is shown that BPS leads to higher network capacity and performance with a smaller antenna dimension and complexity with minimal loss in spectrum efficiency. This identifies BPS as a promising scheme for future wireless communications with smart antennas.

LOW RATE SPACE-TIME TRELLIS CODES INPOWER LIMITED WIRELESSCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Space-time trellis codes can achieve the best tradeoff among bandwidth efficiency, diversity gain, constellation size and trellis complexity. In this paper, some optimum low rate space-time trellis codes are proposed. Performance analysis and simulation show that the low rate space-time trellis codes outperform space-time block codes concatenated with convolutional code at the same bandwidth efficiency, and are more suitable for the power limited wireless communication system.

A new design criterion and construction method for space-time trellis codes based on classification of error events

The known design criterions of Space-Time Trellis Codes （STFC） on slow Rayleigh fading channel are rank, determinant and trace criterion. These criterions are not advantageous not onlv in operation but also in performance. With classifying the error events of STTC, a new criterion was presented on slow Rayleigh fading channels. Basod on the criterion, an effective and straighttbrward multi-step method is proposed to ennstruet codes with better performance. This method can reduce the computation of search to small enough. Simulation results show that the codes searched by computer have the same or even better performance than the repored codes.

MULTIPLE TRELLIS CODED ORTHOGONAL TRANSMIT SCHEME FOR MULTIPLE ANTENNA SYSTEMS

In this paper, a novel multiple trellis coded orthogonal transmit scheme is proposed to exploit transmit diversity in fading channels. In this scheme, a unique vector from a set of orthogonal vectors is assigned to each transmit antenna. Each of the output symbols from the multiple trellis encoder is multiplied with one of these orthogonal vectors and transmitted from corresponding transmit antennas. By correlating with corresponding orthogonal vectors, the receiver separates symbols transmitted from different transmit antennas. This scheme can be adopted in coherent/differential systems with any number of transmit antennas. It is shown that the proposed scheme encompasses the conventional trellis coded unitary space-time modulation based on the optimal cyclic group codes as a special case. We also propose two better designs over the conventional trellis coded unitary space-time modulation. The first design uses 8 Phase Shift Keying （8-PSK） constellations instead of 16 Phase Shift Keying （16-PSK） constellations in the conventional trellis coded unitary space-time modulation. As a result, the product distance of this new design is much larger than that of the conventional trellis coded unitary space-time modulation. The second design introduces constellations with multiple levels of amplitudes into the design of the multiple trellis coded orthogonal transmit scheme. For both designs, simulations show that multiple trellis coded orthogonal transmit schemes can achieve better performance than the conventional trellis coded unitarv space-time schemes.

设施葡萄大树冠“T”形棚架关键栽培技术

在北方地区鲜食葡萄设施促成和避雨栽培中,采用大树冠“T”形棚架栽培技术取得了良好的效果。本文主要总结了该栽培模式中的架式及树形,以及土壤、水肥及花果管理、病虫害防治等关键技术措施。该技术具有降低成本、提质增效、便于机械化和标准化管理的优点,可为生产提供行之有效的技术指导,促进葡萄产业的发展。

猕猴桃栽培架形分析

我国猕猴桃种质资源丰富,现有54个种中有52个为我国特有种或中心分布。猕猴桃收获面积和产量均居世界第一,产业发展迅速,潜力大,但单产仍低于世界平均水平。总结生产上猕猴桃常用的架型种类并分析不同架型对猕猴桃产量和品质的影响,以期为猕猴桃高产、优质、高效生产提供参考。

渭北旱塬老藤酿酒葡萄资源的品种特性研究

为了保护与开发我国渭北旱塬地区的老藤酿酒葡萄种质资源,本研究以白玫瑰和红玫瑰两份老藤酿酒葡萄资源为材料,对其植物学特性、生长结果习性、枝条直立性、抗寒性、果实性状以及酿酒特性等进行了系统比较。结果表明,白玫瑰和红玫瑰葡萄枝条粗壮直立,与赤霞珠葡萄相比,其新梢木质部宽度明显增加,木质素分布区域更大,枝条机械性能与负荷能力更强,适合无架栽培。白玫瑰和红玫瑰葡萄萌芽率、结果枝率、结果系数、平均株产量均较高,两者丰产性均较好。白玫瑰和红玫瑰葡萄枝条均具有较强的抗低温能力,在渭北旱塬地区无需埋土防寒越冬。白玫瑰葡萄果皮淡绿色带有浅红晕,成熟果实还原糖和可滴定酸含量分别为195.17和5.97 g·L^(-1),果皮酚类物质含量较低,适合酿造清爽的干白葡萄酒;红玫瑰葡萄果皮紫红色,成熟果实还原糖和可滴定酸含量分别为208.33和3.64 g·L^(-1),果皮富含花色苷等酚类物质,可酿造清新的桃红葡萄酒。采用小容器酿造的干白葡萄酒酒度为11.12%(V/V),总酸含量为5.06 g·L^(-1),总糖含量为2.70 g·L^(-1);桃红葡萄酒酒度为12.97%(V/V),总酸含量为4.69 g·L^(-1),总糖含量为2.87 g·L^(-1)。两份老藤酿酒葡萄资源果实及其酿造的葡萄酒均具有玫瑰香味。本研究为酿酒葡萄新品种选育提供了一定的参考。

基于BCJR网格的3×3核极化码简化连续消去译码算法

大核矩阵极化码的传统连续消去(Successive Cancellation, SC)译码算法有较高的计算复杂度,采用网格来降低大核矩阵极化码SC译码算法的复杂度。发现了SC译码算法核内部运算和网格的联系,建立了相应的网格替代核内部运算,基于BCJR(Bahl, Cocke, Jelinek, Raviv construction)网格构造出SC核内部运算的最小网格。有效降低了算法计算量。仿真结果表明,3×3核的长度为243、码率为1/2的极化码,相比于直接计算式,运行时间减少了79.14%,节省了14.2%的计算成本。

辽宁地区葡萄不下架防寒模式探讨

葡萄下架埋土防寒一直是北方葡萄防寒区产业发展的重要制约。文中论述了辽宁地区葡萄不下架越冬的几种栽培模式,包括日光薄膜温室、塑料大棚、连栋大棚栽培中葡萄不下架越冬方法,并对比分析了其优缺点,其中塑料大棚采用二道拱防寒越冬方法既节约了成本又能优产高产,且建造投入低,是一种较优的不下架越冬模式,在北方寒冷地区应用前景广阔,值得进一步研究、推广。

双叶幕层棚架栽培对“SN2016”猕猴桃性状的影响

以“SN2016”猕猴桃为试材,比较双叶幕层棚架(在平顶棚架上建斜面牵引层)和平顶棚架猕猴桃主要性状表现。结果发现,双叶幕层棚架猕猴桃主要生长特性及经济性状如萌芽率、结果枝率、平均单果质量、可溶性固形物及产量均高于平顶棚架;营养枝二次梢和三次梢萌发率均低于平顶棚架。双叶幕层棚架作为猕猴桃优选栽培架式,在生产中有推广应用价值。