Development and Experimental Study of Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater

The principle and development prospect of air source heat pump water heat were introduced,as well as the designation of condenser (storage water tank),experimental study on installations was also carried out.The results showed that air source heat pump water heater was superior to conventional system.Under the operation of cooling and heating,heat pump comprehensive utilization equipment could improve heating performance,reduce energy consumption,and recycle condensing heat to provide hot water.

Field experiment on coalmine heat disaster governance using cold source from surface water

Regarding the lack of cold source for underground cooling systems from either mine inflow or return air, field experiments were taken in a high temperature deep coal mine with abundant cold source from surface water. Taking Sanhejian coal mine as an example, this paper introduced the technology scheme of heat disaster governance using surface water cold source. The paper presents the basics of this field experiment at the beginning, following by the design and site layout of the cooling system including the analysis and calculation of cold source. Numerical calculation method is also applied based on the operation parameters to simulate the influence to the surface river ecosystem. The results suggest that the temperature of surface water shall be lower than 34 ℃ after heat exchange, and when more cooling capacities are needed in the future, increasing the water flow is more favorable than increasing the cooling range of water, which is better for the ecological environment protection,

Study on corrosion behavior of heat exchanger in water source heat pump

Water source heat pump is a new kind of energy saving process.One of the most common problems for water source heat pump system is the corrosion of the copper in heat exchanger.The quality of water is the key factor.The river water collected in six different places of the Yangtze River and Jialing River in Chongqing were analyzed.Various parameters(pH,coexisted ions,and hardness value)were investigated.It showed that the Yangtze River and Jialing River water was suitable for developing water source heat pump technology.Further more,aimed at the temperature and pH of the raw water's variation range in a year,the corrosion behavior of copper material was studied by controlling the water environmental condition.Corrosion rate of copper is accelerated at high temperature and lower pH value.

Development of Instantaneous Hot Water Dispenser Based on Water Source Heat Pump

Natural energy use is important to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. However, further reducing energy consumption with traditional systems is difficult. Therefore, we proposed a MMHP （multi-source and multi-use heat pump） to achieve higher efficiency than traditional systems. The MMHP system connects multiple heat sources such as solar heat, the ground, and air and multiple heat uses such as cooling, heating, and a hot water dispenser with a water loop. Each type of heat use side can utilize heat efficiently. However, there is a distinct lack of highly efficient hot water dispensers available. Therefore, we developed the IHWD WS （instantaneous hot water dispenser based on a water source） heat pump. In this study, we developed a prototype of the IHWD WS heat pump. The coefficient of performance of the IHWD WS heat pump was 5.2-8.5 throughout a year. When it is improved, COP （coefficient of performance） is expected to be 9.3-9.9.

Performance and Optimization of Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater with Cyclic Heating

A new type of microchannel condenser applied in the air source heat pump water heater(ASHPWH)with cyclic heating was proposed in this study.The operating performance of the ASHPWH was frst tested.Then,the structure of the microchannel condenser was optimized with the implement of vortex generators.Finally,a numerical model of the ASHPWH was established and the optimized microchannel condenser was studied.The experimental results showed that the average coefficient of performance(COP)of the 1HP(735 W)ASHPWH reached 3.48.In addition,the optimized microchannel condenser could be matched with a 3 HP(2430W)ASHPWH with an average heating capacity of 10.30 kW,and achieving an average COP of 4.24,14.6%higher than the limit value in the national standard.

Prediction and parametric analysis of 3D borehole and total internal thermal resistance of single U-tube borehole heat exchanger for ground source heat pumps

The borehole and total internal thermal resistance are both significant parameters in evaluating the thermal performance of the ground source heat pump.This study aimed to obtain the accurate correlation of the 3D borehole and total internal thermal resistance(R_(b,3D)and R_(a,3D))and analyze the impacts of parameters on the R_(b,3D)and R_(a,3D).Firstly,eight parameters affecting the R_(b,3D)and R_(a,3D),including the borehole diameter,pipe diameter,pipe-pipe distance,borehole depth,soil thermal conductivity,grout thermal conductivity,pipe thermal conductivity,and fluid velocity inside the pipe,were considered and an L-54 design matrix was generated.Then,the 3D numerical model,coupling with the four-resistance model,was proposed to calculate R_(b,3D)and R_(a,3D)for each case.After that,the response surface methodology was employed to obtain and verify the correlation of R_(b,3D)and R_(a,3D),which were compared with the existing resistance calculation methods.Lastly,analysis of variance was carried out to reveal parameters that have statistically significant impacts on the R_(b,3D)and R_(a,3D).Results show that the rationality and accuracy of the correlation of R_(b,3D)and R_(a,3D)can be verified by the determination coefficient and P value of regression model,as well as the P value of lack-of-fit.The existing resistance calculation methods are more or less inaccurate and the discrepancies in some cases can be up to 86.74%and 111.35%for the borehole and total internal thermal resistance.The pipe and grout thermal conductivity,pipe and borehole diameter,and the pipe-pipe distance can be seen as the significant contributory factors to the variation of R_(b,3D)and R_(a,3D).

光伏光热联合双源热泵系统运行模式研究(1):最佳切换模式验证

讨论了光伏光热联合双源热泵系统制热运行的最佳切换模式。利用TRNSYS软件建立了仿真模型,对双源(水源、空气源)热泵系统性能系数(COP_(s))进行了计算,提出以某时刻空气源热泵模式或水源热泵模式运行COP_(s)较大者优先运行作为COP_(s)切换模式。通过前期实验结果验证了模拟结果的正确性,并与常规的集热水箱温度切换模式进行了对比实验,验证了COP_(s)切换模式的有效性。结果表明,该实验系统以COP_(s)最佳切换模式运行时发电量和发电效率较集热水箱温度切换模式分别提高了5.35%和1.73%,耗电量降低了17.03%,COP_(s)提高了4.91%。

中深层地埋管热泵供热系统运行特性实测研究

通过大量工程实测研究,总结了中深层地埋管热泵供热技术的运行特性。中深层地埋管具有出水温度高、取热功率大、长期运行稳定的特点,为热泵系统提供了高品位的低温热源,以提升其运行性能;同时中深层地埋管自身存在间歇蓄热特性,能很好地满足建筑供热需求变化与柔性用能;无级变频热泵机组更适合与中深层地埋管匹配运行,节能减排效果显著;热源侧水系统具有小流量、大扬程,且阻力随着流量变化而大幅度变化的特性。研究结果可为提升该技术的供热性能提供关键指导。

光伏光热联合双源热泵系统运行模式研究(2):供暖季系统仿真研究

使用TRNSYS软件建立了光伏光热-双源热泵(PV/T-DSHP)系统的仿真模型。选取夏热冬冷地区某一近零能耗居住建筑作为研究对象,模拟研究了供暖季PV/T-DSHP系统在COP_(s)切换模式下的运行特性和能耗。结果表明:平均光电效率为15.08%,平均光热效率为33.05%;水源热泵运行模式下供暖季平均COP为4.55,空气源热泵运行模式下供暖季平均COP为3.19,PV/T-DSHP系统的平均COP_(s)为2.98;供暖季系统自满足率为61%。

地下水源热泵回灌中大肠杆菌阻塞试验研究

以地下水源热泵回灌过程中大肠杆菌堵塞作为研究对象,通过自主研发的砂层颗粒迁移-沉积试验系统观察大肠杆菌在多孔介质孔隙孔道内的运移、沉积。分别以石英石、玻璃珠作为多孔介质做对比性试验,通过试验得出:石英石颗粒不均匀,级配不良,颗粒间的咬合力为大肠杆菌的沉积提供了“温床”,进而孔隙水压力呈现先增大后减小再稳定的状态;但玻璃珠颗粒粒径均匀,同时颗粒之间光滑,咬合力小,不利于大肠杆菌的沉积,孔隙水压力呈现陡减的现象。建立大肠杆菌渗透率衰减数学模型,将理论值和室内试验值进行数据拟合,从验证的结果看,所提渗透率衰减模型对预见微生物的迁移和沉积所引起的孔隙率减小是有效的。

水源热泵回灌中大肠杆菌阻塞迁移沉积特性参数试验研究

以地下水源热泵回灌过程中大肠杆菌堵塞作为研究对象,通过自主研发的砂层颗粒迁移-沉积试验系统观察大肠杆菌在多孔介质孔隙孔道内的运移、沉积。以3种不同长度的试验箱体开展大肠杆菌在多孔介质里的运移沉积规律,通过试验得出:1)石英石颗粒内部的内摩擦力有利于大肠杆菌的沉积,流动速度对大肠杆菌引起的微生物堵塞起到关键作用:2)3种(60、80、100 cm)不同长度的试验箱体在流速作用下以100和80 cm为对象,其沉积率提高了57.1%;以80和60 cm为对比对象,其沉积率提高了27.3%;3)大肠杆菌的恢复率与流体速度也成正相关作用,其堵塞原理类似沉积率特性。

某大科学装置项目工艺冷却水系统设计

介绍了某在建大科学装置项目的工艺冷却水系统设计,包括服务对象、系统形式、系统组成、水温控制策略、流量控制策略等方面的内容。简述了热回收型水源热泵在工艺冷却水系统中的应用方案,并对工艺冷却水系统设计后续可开展的工作和研究提出了3个方向。

Performance analysis of air-water dual source heat pump water heater with heat recovery

A new air-water dual source heat pump water heater with heat recovery is proposed.The heat pump system can heat water by using a single air source,a single water source,or air-water dual sources.The water is first pre-heated by waste hot water,then heated by the heat pump.Waste heat is recovered by first preheating the cold water and as water source of the heat pump.According to the correlated formulas of the coefficient of performance of air-source heat pump and water-source heat pump,and the gain coefficient of heat recovery-preheater,the formulas for the coefficient of performance of heat pump in six operating modes are obtained by using the dimensionless correspondence analysis method.The system characteristics of heat absorption and release associated with the heat recovery-preheater are analyzed at different working conditions.The developed approaches can provide reference for the optimization of the operating modes and parameters.The results of analysis and experiments show that the coefficient of performance of the device can reach 4-5.5 in winter,twice as much as air source heat pump water heater.The utilization of waste heat in the proposed system is higher than that in the system which only uses waste water to preheating or as heat source.Thus,the effect of energy saving of the new system is obvious.On the other hand,the dimensionless correspondence analysis method is introduced to performance analysis of the heat pump,which also has theoretical significance and practical value.

水-冰相变凝固换热与热泵耦合供热系统实验研究

针对河北山区农村水源不足、地源钻井成本高、太阳能不稳定、造价高、没有合适的热泵低温热源等问题,研发了水-冰相变换热器;利用水的相变潜热作为热泵的低温热源,设计了水-冰相变凝固换热与热泵耦合供热系统,搭建了实验平台,经测试平台运行稳定可靠。通过对实验数据进行分析计算,得到系统性能系数在2.87~3.42之间。研究结果可为解决河北山区农村供暖问题提供参考。

“两抽两灌”水源热泵系统应用效果分析及优化布置

为探究丹东市某工程地下水源热泵系统的实际应用效果及布井方式的合理性,采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件,建立三维水热耦合数值模型,对“两抽两灌”水源热泵系统进行为时一年的运行水温监测,并对实际应用中抽灌井的布置方式以及抽灌井间距是否存在含水层“热贯通”问题进行分析,将存在的问题与工程场地条件相结合。结果表明,采用“抽灌井平行布置”时,且抽灌井间距离为55 m时,发生“热贯通”的程度最轻,为丹东市水源热泵规划提供科学设计方法及参考依据。

太阳能-空气源热泵热水系统新型组合优化设计

太阳能-空气源热泵热水系统(solar-air source heat pump hot water system, SAHWS)常用于宿舍楼宇供暖,通过对系统参数的优化设计可显著提高系统能效性能与环境友好性。为得到一种综合考虑SAHWS经济、能源、环保与节能的优化方法,提出了一种新型组合优化设计策略,并利用TRNSYS软件搭建系统仿真模型,以西安、西宁、拉萨这3座不同太阳能资源等级城市为例,对SAHWS运行工况对比分析。结果表明:与常用生命周期成本设计相比,所提出的组合优化设计不仅降低了系统成本,还有着较低的系统能耗;组合优化设计的热泵能耗与工作小时数最短,且有最低的热损,在投资成本、系统季节性能因子、太阳能保证率以及碳粉尘、二氧化碳排放量均有较好表现。

基于TRNSYS的太阳能-热水源热泵复合供暖系统运行优化

针对太阳能供暖技术与热泵供暖技术的不足,提出了一种太阳能-热水源热泵复合供暖系统,并以西藏日喀则地区某项目为研究对象,利用TRNSYS仿真模拟软件建立太阳能-热水源热泵复合供暖系统模型,模拟分析该供暖系统的运行特性,并对系统的经济性进行了分析,然后利用Hooke-Jeeves优化算法对供暖系统关键参数进行优化。结果表明:西藏地区太阳能-热水源热泵复合供暖系统能够高效稳定运行,实现了对太阳能由高温到低温的梯级利用,供暖季系统季节能效比可达4.43;相比于电锅炉供暖,复合供暖系统具有更高的经济性,静态回收期为5.3年;优化后系统能耗减少,供暖季系统季节能效比提高了7.9%。

住宅户内空气源热泵生活热水系统循环恒温能耗分析

基于3个住宅户型案例的空气源热泵生活热水系统,对系统配水管道采用循环恒温方式维持热水用水温度时的管道散热量进行计算评估,分析了循环恒温不同运行模式下的增量能耗和电耗,提出当前全装修住宅空气源热泵热水设备应集成管道恒温循环装置及控制装置等建议。

油田联合站水源热泵能效比软测量方法及节能效果研究

油田联合站水源热泵的应用既有效减少了以天然气为燃料的加热炉碳排放量,又解决了采暖伴热和机泵冷却的问题。但如何能精准方便测量和提高其能效比(COP)值,对水源热泵在油田推广应用有着重大意义。为此,采用BP神经网络对油田在运水源热泵的COP进行建模,测得与实际运行参数平均相对误差均小于1%,证明这种基于BP神经网络建模的水源热泵COP值软测量方法是可行的;另外,通过仿真模型分析,提出将水源热泵间接式单蒸发工艺改进为直进式双蒸发工艺,水源热泵COP值由3.6~4.2提高到4.5~4.8,年节约电耗174.1×104 kWh。研究结果对油田水源热泵的推广应用和系统节能降耗起到了积极作用。

Data-driven sensitivity analysis and electricity consumption prediction for water source heat pump system using limited information

The studies on predicting the energy consumption of air conditioning systems are meaningful to building energy conservation and management. Generally, the more comprehensive the building information is, the easier the prediction model can be developed. However, it is very difficult to get detailed information about existing/old buildings (information-poor buildings), it is a big challenge to predict the energy consumption accurately by limited information. This study aims to predict the electricity consumption of the water source heat pump system of an office building based on meteorological data. The key variables are selected by error analysis and sensitivity analysis, and the effects of each variable on the models’ prediction performance can be obtained. Besides, the prediction models are established by support vector regression algorithm and trained by the local meteorological data. The results show that the positive and negative variables can be identified, and these positive variables are responsible for more than 70% of the total importance. Moreover, the root mean square error falls to 4.6044 from 7.8227 and the relative square error falls to 0.1494 from 0.4313 when the negative inputs are removed. And the errors reduce further to 4.1160 and 0.1194 by parameter optimization.