Many energy consuming countries have carried out research, development, demonstration, planning and deployment of coal-to-liquids (CTL) because of its ability to replace oil imports by converting coal resources into f...Many energy consuming countries have carried out research, development, demonstration, planning and deployment of coal-to-liquids (CTL) because of its ability to replace oil imports by converting coal resources into fuel. Among them, China and South Africa successfully had their CTL technology industrialized, while the United States did not. To understand the differences in the industrial development level, a comparative study is necessary. This paper compares the history, driver and policy of CTL industry in China, South Africa and United States, collates and discloses numbers of industry details for the first time. We figure out that the motivation, top level planning and policy consistency are the key indicators of the difference on the industrial development level. Among them, the key to the success of CTL industrialization in China and South Africa is the government’s strong and stable determination to improve energy security, which provides a stable top-level planning and robust policy support. The failure of CTL in United States is caused by the shift of policy attention after its energy security situation improved.展开更多
近年来,美国一直通过“煤炭优先”计划等推动先进燃煤电厂、先进煤化工等技术和装备的发展,并进一步提高效率、降低与碳捕集相关的成本从而支持“煤+碳捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture,utilization and storage,CCUS)”技术的开发与部...近年来,美国一直通过“煤炭优先”计划等推动先进燃煤电厂、先进煤化工等技术和装备的发展,并进一步提高效率、降低与碳捕集相关的成本从而支持“煤+碳捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture,utilization and storage,CCUS)”技术的开发与部署,同时还重点研发从煤及煤基能源等中回收稀土元素的技术。系统梳理了美国煤炭清洁高效利用全过程的研发投入、研发方向和研发机构等情况,结合中国清洁煤技术发展现状,提出在“双碳”目标下发展煤炭清洁高效利用前沿技术的发展建议,可为中国进一步构建绿色低碳、安全高效的现代能源体系提供参考。展开更多
文摘Many energy consuming countries have carried out research, development, demonstration, planning and deployment of coal-to-liquids (CTL) because of its ability to replace oil imports by converting coal resources into fuel. Among them, China and South Africa successfully had their CTL technology industrialized, while the United States did not. To understand the differences in the industrial development level, a comparative study is necessary. This paper compares the history, driver and policy of CTL industry in China, South Africa and United States, collates and discloses numbers of industry details for the first time. We figure out that the motivation, top level planning and policy consistency are the key indicators of the difference on the industrial development level. Among them, the key to the success of CTL industrialization in China and South Africa is the government’s strong and stable determination to improve energy security, which provides a stable top-level planning and robust policy support. The failure of CTL in United States is caused by the shift of policy attention after its energy security situation improved.
文摘近年来,美国一直通过“煤炭优先”计划等推动先进燃煤电厂、先进煤化工等技术和装备的发展,并进一步提高效率、降低与碳捕集相关的成本从而支持“煤+碳捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture,utilization and storage,CCUS)”技术的开发与部署,同时还重点研发从煤及煤基能源等中回收稀土元素的技术。系统梳理了美国煤炭清洁高效利用全过程的研发投入、研发方向和研发机构等情况,结合中国清洁煤技术发展现状,提出在“双碳”目标下发展煤炭清洁高效利用前沿技术的发展建议,可为中国进一步构建绿色低碳、安全高效的现代能源体系提供参考。
