GPS/GIS based vehicle dispatching for opencast mines

An integrated GPS and GIS based vehicle dispatching system was presented. The system uses GIS technology for the development of digital mine map database and GPS for vehicle positioning. The system consists of five modules: position module incorporated GPS and dead reckoning (DR); a map database structure for displaying and guidance purposes; a routing module based on the map database is able to give out the best route for the vehicles; map matching and route guidance module put the vehicle position to its exact location on the road despite of errors in positioning and map data; and the client-server module allows client exchange information between driver and control centre. The system can be operated in client-server level in which users can request routing and guidance with devices such as hand phone and PDA by communicating their current positions to the server or runs in autonomous mode when users cannot reach the server.

Study of Soil Seed Banks in Antaibao Opencast Mine

A seed germinating method was used to study soil seed banks in dump sites of the Antaibao opencast mine for soil reclamation and ecological rehabilitation. Based on a richness index, a diversity index and an evenness index, the diversity of species of soil seed banks was studied. As well, the progress of vegetation succession in this thoroughly destroyed ecosystem is discussed and the self-renewal ability of the soil seed banks is analyzed. The results indicate that 1) there are 17 plant species belonging to five families with annuals as the dominant species; 2) the soil seed banks at the dump site show great temporal and spatial heterogeneity and 3) the model of Robinia pseudoacacia × Pinus tabulaeformis × Caragana korshinskii in the anaphase is the best among several reclamation models studied. Therefore, with the extension of reclamation time, the correct choice of a reclamation model is quite helpful for the improvement of the self-renewal ability of soil seed banks and for the stability of the ecosystem, which is very important for land reclamation and ecological rehabilitation of the dump sites of the ATB opencast coal mine.

Discussion on Land Use Mode Reform in Coal Opencast Mining

The existing land supply mode of opencast mining is"land requisition first,then transfer",which lacks an effective recovery and withdrawal mechanism,and the reclaimed mining land is difficult to withdraw.According to the regular rules of coal opencast mining and the periodic characteristics of land use,this paper puts forward a new mode of temporary land use for coal opencast mining.It is conducive to im-proving the quality and scale of land use and reclamation utilization of opencast coal mining,and is of great significance for exploring and for-mulating reasonable land use policies for mineral resources development projects.

Applying real time seismic monitoring technology for slope stability assessment—An Indian opencast coal mine perspective

This paper outlines the results obtained from real time microseismic monitoring of an opencast coal mine in South India.The objective of the study is to investigate the stress changes within the rockmass along the slope due to underground mine development operation and their impact on the stability of the highwall slope.The installed microseismic systems recorded the seismic triggerings down toà2 moment magnitude.In general,most of the events recorded during the monitoring period are weak in seismic energy.The study adopts a simple and more reliable tool to characterize the seismically active zone for assessing the stability of the highwall in real time.The impact of underground working on the slope is studied on the basis of the seismic event impact contours and seismic clusters.During the monitoring period,it is observed that the intensity of the overall microseismic activity along the slope due to the mine development operations did not cause any adverse impact on the highwall stability.

E24 profile slope stability analysis in Haizhou Opencast Coal Mine of Fuxin

The E24 profile slope analyzed belongs to a series of excavated slopes of the Haizhou Opencast Coal Mine. It seems to be divided into Downslope Part and Upslope Part. Its profile comprises two noticeable coal seams, called the 8# and 9# weak layers, considered as the potential failure surfaces. In consideration of the actual configuration as in the perspective of any modification, assessing the stability of this slope with various profile forms under given conditions, and assessing the risk of instability and quantifying the influence of earthworks or other modifications to the stability of this slope, have constituted the primordial objectives carried out. From assumed potential failure surfaces, any specific profiles and specified slip surfaces are defined. A factor of safety (FoS) is computed for each specified slip surface; the smallest FoS found corresponds to the least favorable slip surface. The safety factor values obtained are compared to the suggested safety factor. Limit equilibrium methods of vertical slices implemented in Slope/W, computer program for slope stability analyses, have been adopted to perform the E24 slope stability analysis. The safety factor values computed with 9# weak layer are lower than for 8#; the factors of safety obtained with Sarma's method are the smallest; more, without groundwater (long term) overall values are greater than those determined under groundwater condition (short term). The lowest safety factor value is found for a profile depending on an adopted earthwork sequence. The E24 profile slope stability analysis shows the instability risk for the deepest weak layer, and also shows the short and long term stability of this slope for the envisaged earth movements. However it demonstrates the existence of instability risk for any earthwork firstly affecting the downslope part.

SICOMINES铜钴矿开采阶段地下水变化规律研究

以刚果(金)SICOMINES铜钴矿为背景,通过分析矿区水文地质条件、矿区1976—2022年地下水流场演变特征和排水数据,对矿区水位变化规律进行深入研究,结果表明地下水动态变化特征是以侧向补给为主、降水为辅;排水以补给量为主、储存量为辅。地下水流动以管道流为主、渗流为辅,含水层之间联系密切,地下水渗透阻力小,坡度缓,连通性好,下部含水层排水能降低不同含水层水位。地下水系统主要由缝、洞构成,存在以空洞为汇集的地下水主径流带,矿区为构造控水。

露天煤矿剥离工程施工安全关键技术研究

社会快速发展,对能源需求量越来越大,煤炭开采需求也逐渐提升,露天煤矿剥离工程量也随着增加,为了保证剥离工程的安全和质量,提高剥离效率,需要认真研究、总结。该文通过内蒙古白音华露天煤矿剥离工程介绍施工方法、工艺及关键技术,为类似工程提供相应参考和借鉴。

露天煤矿混凝土支护结构的抗压试验研究

为提高露天煤矿混凝土支护结构的安全性,需要分析露天煤矿混凝土支护结构的抗压性能。本文提出露天煤矿混凝土支护结构的抗压试验研究方法,通过分析混凝土支护结构,研究露天煤矿混凝土支护结构的受力情况。在不同养护温度、水灰比和喷射方式下分析了露天煤矿混凝土支护结构的抗压性能。结果表明,混凝土在45℃养护条件下的强度较好;当混凝土支护结构在养护温度过高时,与标准养护环境下的强度值相比处于劣势;随着水灰比的增加使混凝土支护结构在露天煤矿中的抗压强度和孔隙率不断提高;在抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗折强度三个方面,湿喷混凝土均优于干喷混凝土。

Rock fragmentation control in opencast blasting

The blasting operation plays a pivotal role in the overall economics of opencast mines.The blasting subsystem affects all the other associated sub-systems,i.e.loading,transport,crushing and milling operations.Fragmentation control through effective blast design and its effect on productivity are the challenging tasks for practicing blasting engineer due to inadequate knowledge of actual explosive energy released in the borehole,varying initiation practice in blast design and its effect on explosive energy release characteristic.This paper describes the result of a systematic study on the impact of blast design parameters on rock fragmentation at three mines in India.The mines use draglines and shoveledumper combination for removal of overburden.Despite its pivotal role in controlling the overall economics of a mining operation,the expected blasting performance is often judged almost exclusively on the basis of poorly defined parameters such as powder factor and is often qualitative which results in very subjective assessment of blasting performance.Such an approach is very poor substitutes for accurate assessment of explosive and blasting performance.Ninety one blasts were conducted with varying blast designs and charging patterns,and their impacts on the rock fragmentation were documented.A high-speed camera was deployed to record the detonation sequences of the blasts.The efficiency of the loading machines was also correlated with the mean fragment size obtained from the fragmentation analyses.

Prediction of blast-induced flyrock in Indian limestone mines using neural networks

Frequency and scale of the blasting events are increasing to boost limestone production. Mines areapproaching close to inhabited areas due to growing population and limited availability of land resourceswhich has challenged the management to go for safe blasts with special reference to opencast mining.The study aims to predict the distance covered by the flyrock induced by blasting using artificial neuralnetwork （ANN） and multi-variate regression analysis （MVRA） for better assessment. Blast design andgeotechnical parameters, such as linear charge concentration, burden, stemming length, specific charge,unconfined compressive strength （UCS）, and rock quality designation （RQD）, have been selected as inputparameters and flyrock distance used as output parameter. ANN has been trained using 95 datasets ofexperimental blasts conducted in 4 opencast limestone mines in India. Thirty datasets have been used fortesting and validation of trained neural network. Flyrock distances have been predicted by ANN, MVRA,as well as further calculated using motion analysis of flyrock projectiles and compared with the observeddata. Back propagation neural network （BPNN） has been proven to be a superior predictive tool whencompared with MVRA. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

面向终身学习的人工智能教育应用研究--欧洲X5GON项目的特征、服务与实践

面对推进全民终身学习的需要,人工智能教育应用展现出其独特的优势,其智能化、自动化和个性化特点可以提供强大的助力。X5GON是欧洲著名的人工智能教育应用项目,它具有根据用户需求进行学习资源推荐、系统透明度高和提供特殊人群服务的特征。为了满足终身学习的需要,X5GON项目能够提供跨国界的高质量翻译、贯穿学习过程的数据分析以及个性化学习资源推荐服务。德国奥斯纳布吕克大学和西班牙瓦伦西亚大学积极参与人工智能教育应用实践,分别依托Opencast发布在线课程和X5GON的翻译技术取得突破。当前,我国正处于推进全民终身学习和建设学习型社会的关键阶段,有必要充分发挥人工智能技术的助力,因而可以学习和借鉴X5GON项目的经验,从翻译服务和数据采集、分析入手,进一步促进我国面向终身学习的人工智能应用的发展。

露天矿区土地复垦适应性管理:内涵解析与框架构建

研究目的:探讨露天矿区土地复垦适应性管理的理论内涵,阐释其主要管理要素与组织框架。研究方法:系统回顾法、类比分析法和逻辑推理法。研究结果:(1)基础铺垫、案例引导、需求倒逼、使命号召4层缘由共同驱动着露天矿区去探索一种与其生态系统内外部机理相适应的土地复垦动态管理模式—适应性管理;(2)矿区土地复垦适应性管理是以矿区土地生态系统健康发展与可持续开发利用为目标,通过监测、评估、反馈、调整等一系列活动,不断探索并认识矿区土地复垦发展过程中的不确定因素及其内在规律,从而促使土地复垦不断适应矿区社会、经济、生态等方面协调发展的管理过程;(3)“目标制定—规划设计—方案执行—监测评估—信息反馈—模式修正”六要素一体构成矿区土地复垦适应性管理的基本组织框架。研究结论:适应性管理具有灵活性、动态性等特征,如果管理者能把握矿区生态系统内部演化机理与外部干扰规律,并借鉴吸收相近领域研究成果经验,那么适应性管理有望成为破解露天矿区土地复垦过程管理难题的有效途径。

粉煤灰、砒砂岩对煤矿排土场土壤水分特性改良的研究

露天煤矿排土场土壤理化特性差直接影响复垦效果,改善土壤水分特性对排土场的复垦具有重要的理论与实践意义。本试验以内蒙古自治区的黑岱沟露天煤矿为对象进行土壤改良试验,将粉煤灰(F)、砒砂岩(S)作为添加物,对排土场土壤(L)进行3种组合处理(LF、LS、LFS)并设置不同的质量比例梯度,试验共设(L3F1、L4F1、L5F1、L1S1、L2S1、L3S1、L4S1、L5S1、L1F1S1、L2F1S1、L3F1S1、L4F1S1、L5F1S1)13种不同质量比的混合处理和(L、F、S)3种对照处理,采用离心机法测定各复配土壤在不同水吸力下的含水量,利用Gardner模型拟合并绘制其水分特征曲线,计算各复配土壤的比水容量、田间持水量、萎蔫系数、有效水含量。结果表明:(1)Gardner模型能够很好地拟合13种复配土壤的水分特征曲线,粉煤灰的添加使排土场土壤中的细土粒含量(黏粒、粉粒)增加了24.11%~37.19%,提高了土壤的持水性和供水性,添加砒砂岩能够改良土壤的持水性但不能改良供水性能。(2)排土场土壤、粉煤灰、砒砂岩质量比为1︰1︰1(L1F1S1)时持水性能最好,较排土场土壤提高了47.6%;排土场土壤、粉煤灰质量比为3︰1(L3F1)时其供水性能最好,较排土场土壤提高了40.23%。(3)LF组合处理和LFS组合处理的田间持水量和有效水含量随着添加物比例的增加而提升,当排土场土壤、粉煤灰质量比为3︰1(L3F1)时田间持水量最大为18.02%,排土场土壤、粉煤灰、砒砂岩质量比为1︰1︰1(L1F1S1)时有效水含量最大为13.1%。综上,粉煤灰、砒砂岩综合利用有利于煤矿排土场土壤水分特性的改良,且复配土壤的黏粒、粉粒含量在30%~35%范围时,土壤的持水供水能力较好,在本试验中三者按1︰1︰1的质量比例进行复配效果最佳。

基于成像高光谱技术的露天煤矿区复垦土壤剖面有机碳和全氮预测及制图

k露天煤矿区复垦土壤在经过开采—剥离—覆盖过程后,其有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)的垂直分布发生巨大变化,并且直接决定植被恢复物种的选择和生态恢复效果。因此,在双碳目标下,复垦SOC和TN在0~100 cm剖面的监测及制图,是评估矿区生态恢复及复垦工程固碳的重要基础。相比于传统的化学方法,高光谱技术是一种快速而且无损,已经广泛应用于土壤属性估测的技术,成像高光谱技术相比于点位光谱测量具有图谱合一的优势。因此以我国北方干旱半干旱草原大型露天煤矿复垦土壤为研究对象,采集不同复垦工程、复垦年限的土壤剖面样本,揭示不同复垦年限和复垦方式下土壤剖面SOC和TN垂直分布规律和高光谱特征,通过深度挖掘和筛选SOC和TN特征波段和指数,构建可解释性机器学习模型,从而实现土壤剖面SOC和TN的制图,结果表明:(1)土壤光谱反射率随SOC和TN质量分数的增加而降低,通过集成皮尔森相关性分析和选择连续投影算法,对点状高光谱数据进行降维和去冗余,最终明确表征SOC质量分数的30个特征波段和表征TN质量分数的18个特征,并基于特征波段建立了SOC和TN三维光谱特征指数;(2)通过对比偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、随机森林模型(RF)和径向基函数(RBF)神经网络预测模型,发现对光谱数据进行特征波段筛选和变换,可以提高预测精度,其中随机森林模型预测SOC和TN的精度最高,对SOC的预测结果为R^(2)=0.97、RMSE=7.5 g/kg、LCCC=0.84、bias=3.70,TN预测结果为R^(2)=0.78、RMSE=0.33 g/kg、LCCC=0.74、bias=0.19;(3)利用SHAP可解释机器学习模型方法对输入特征进行重要度排序,发现提出的三维光谱指数对模型预测的贡献大于大部分特征波段;(4)使用最佳模型可以快速绘制出成像高光谱图像中每个像素的SOC和TN质量分数,实现矿山土壤剖面中SOC和TN质量分数的制图和可视化。基于成像高光谱技术绘制露天煤矿区复垦土壤剖面可以揭示复垦土壤形成和演化过程,阐明复垦年限、复垦植被类型在剖面演替过程中的驱动力,为露天煤矿区复垦土壤碳汇潜力的动态监测以及土壤固碳技术的效益评价提供重要的数据来源和技术支持。

露天开采矿区要素遥感提取研究进展及展望

露天开采矿区要素遥感提取是矿业活动监测研究中的热门话题,但少有对相关研究的系统梳理和总结。为此,该文首先对露天开采矿区要素进行了界定,按要素种类将要素提取分为单要素提取和多要素提取,并简述了与一般地物提取和土地利用分类的区别;其次,简要总结了目前相关研究的遥感数据来源与处理平台;然后,将露天开采矿区要素遥感提取方法分为目视解译方法、基于传统特征的方法和深度学习方法3类,分别总结其研究现状,并分析了各方法的优缺点以及适用情况;最后,对露天开采矿区要素遥感提取的未来研究方向进行了展望。文章认为有效地利用多源多时相数据、更强特征提取能力网络和复杂场景优化方法,进一步推动矿区要素智能化、精细化和鲁棒性提取是未来发展的趋势。研究结果可为露天开采矿区要素遥感提取的研究与应用提供参考。

废弃露天开采矿山生态修复工程勘查探析

目前,尚无废弃露天开采矿山生态修复工程勘查的专门标准。此类工程勘查常出现工作不全面、方法与手段不适合、岩土参数不完整或不准确、结论不正确、建议欠妥等不科学、不规范的现象,导致勘察成果低劣。故此,需要对此类勘查进行研究。在收集、分析有关资料,参考地灾治理类工程勘查、植被和土壤调查等理论及方法的基础上,借鉴多个此类勘查经验,采用理论联系实际的方法,对此类勘查的要点进行了调查、分析与总结,阐述了正确的做法。即应紧扣工程特点、突出重点、抓住关键,参考相关勘察(查)的规范性标准,借鉴成功工程经验,在明确主要工作的前提下,抓住关键工作内容与要点,运用合适的方法及手段,在有序调查与勘探的基础上全面分析、综合评价,进而提出准确的岩土参数、正确的结论和可行的建议,从而做到科学、规范的勘查。此研究成果可以为科学、规范地开展此类勘查工作起到较好的指导、借鉴作用。

折线边坡在露天煤矿应用研究

在对露天煤矿产生滑坡原因分析的基础上,总结实际正在建设的露天煤矿发生的滑坡事故,根据该项目独特的地质条件、煤层覆存条件、自然条件及项目发展中存在的问题,论述了折线边坡应用在安全稳定性上存在的优势,对减少投资、提前投产、安全治理等方面都有重要意义。

露天煤矿智能化建设关键技术研究与发展

露天煤矿开采一直以来都是一项极具挑战和风险的工业生产任务。为了保障煤矿工人的安全和健康以及露天煤矿的高效、科学化开采,现有很多依托人工智能技术的露天煤矿智能化开采技术及建设方案被广泛研究并采用。希望能够使用现代化科技,以大数据产业为技术支撑,煤炭产业为先导,致力于露天煤炭企业智能化、数字化发展,同时向政府提供大数据支持,有效改善露天煤矿开采工作。

露天矿山环境问题及科学治理办法

随着社会生产的不断发展,矿产资源的需求在不断增加,大量开采矿产资源也引发一系列环境问题。为顺应当前矿区环境科学治理刻不容缓的状况,该文进行大量的文献阅读及实地探查,就露天矿山开采所存在的问题进行分析,建议从利用科技加强场地数字化、完善矿山环境治理的监督检查制度、深化固体废料及污水处理,以及采用先进技术复垦复绿方面对矿山环境进行修复。另外,为使得相关分析更具可行性,该文还以某一矿山作为案例,表明利用科技手段对工程地质情况分析及固体废料成分检测的重要性。