Opening and Sharing of Large-scale Instruments and Equipment in Agricultural Research Institutes:A Case Study of Environment and Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

The article introduces the main practices and achievements of the Environment and Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in promoting the sharing of large-scale instruments and equipment in recent years,analyzes the existing problems in the management system,management team,assessment incentives and maintenance guarantee,and proposes improvement measures and suggestions from aspects of improving the sharing management system,strengthening management team building,strengthening sharing assessment and incentives,improving maintenance capabilities and expanding external publicity,to further improve the sharing management of large-scale instruments and equipment.

Construction of the standardized efficiency evaluation system for the opening and sharing of valuable instruments and equipment

In terms of the problem of the evaluation of the utilization efficiency of the opening and sharing of the expensive instruments and equipment in colleges and universities, combined with the Internet plus management mode of the whole process of the valuable instruments, based on the idea of ＂full opening and sharing＂, the author of this paper established the opening and sharing mechanisms of the instruments and equipment, to promote their effective allocation and improve their utilization efficiency. In this paper, the author carries out the thinking and discussion of the construction of a standardized evaluation system of the performance evaluation the valuable instruments and equipment.

Has China-ASEAN Trade opening increased China’ s carbon emissions?

This study uses carbon emission data at the provincial level in China between 1998-2018 and the proportion of the total import and export trade between provinces and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)in GDP to measure the level of China-ASEAN trade openness.It examines the impact of China ASEAN trade openness on carbon emissions and its transmission mechanism,and selects the RMB/USD exchange rate as an instrumental variable to address the endogeneity of China-ASEAN trade openness variables.The impact of China-ASEAN trade openness on China’s environment is estimated within a two-stage least squares framework.The results show that trade openness between China and ASEAN positively impacts China’s environment and can facilitate carbon emission reduction.The scale,structural,and technology effects brought by China-ASEAN trade liberalization jointly promote China’s carbon dioxide emission reduction.An inverted“U”relationship is found between economic growth and environmental quality in China,and some provinces and municipalities have now crossed the inflection point of the curve,in which carbon emi ssions decrease with an increase in per capita wealth.

LXI instrument development platform based on an open embedded operating system

This paper introduces the architecture and components of LXI instrument development platform based on an open embedded operating system,which is a modular and configurable platform.The platform is a total solution to develop LXI instrument modules and systems.On the other hand,it also supports other types of instrument development.This is a generic and efficient platform.At the end,this paper addresses the technical tends, challenges,and recormnends solutions.

3D打印个体化截骨导板结合定制钢板在开放楔形胫骨高位截骨中的应用

背景:3D打印个体化截骨导板辅助开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗膝骨关节炎具有手术时间短、透视次数少、矫正精准度高等优点。但之前报道的截骨导板对周围软组织破坏严重、锁定钢板位置不当等问题依旧明显。目的:探究3D打印个体化截骨导板结合定制钢板辅助开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:收集20例确诊为膝骨关节炎的患者,按手术方法分为3D组和常规组,每组10例。3D组采用3D打印个体化截骨导板结合定制钢板辅助开放楔形胫骨高位截骨手术,常规组进行常规开放楔形胫骨高位截骨手术。分析比较两组患者手术时间、透视次数、切口长度,术前和术后髋膝踝角、胫骨近端内侧角、胫骨后倾角以及计划矫正角度与实际矫正角度的差值,术前和术后1,3,6个月膝关节活动度及Lysholm评分,另外记录并发症发生情况。结果与结论:①3D组患者的手术时间、透视次数少于常规组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001);②两组患者的术后髋膝踝角、胫骨近端内侧角均较术前增大,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001),而胫骨后倾角无明显改变;3D组术后髋膝踝角、胫骨近端内侧角及胫骨后倾角与术前计划值分别相差(-0.22±0.72)°、(-0.20±0.73)°和(0.23±0.37)°,但差异均无显著性意义;3D组计划矫正度数与实际矫正度数的差值较常规组小,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③两组患者术后膝关节活动度及Lysholm评分均逐步升高(P<0.001);3D组术后1,3个月的膝关节活动度及术后1个月的Lysholm评分优于常规组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后3个月的Lysholm评分、术后6个月的膝关节活动度及Lysholm评分差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);④两组患者均无并发症发生;⑤上述结果说明3D打印个体化截骨导板结合定制钢板辅助和常规方法均有良好的临床疗效,但前者的手术时间更短,透视次数更少,术后膝关节功能恢复更快;并且3D打印个体化截骨导板可精准实现术前规划。

虚拟仿真技术在大型分析测试仪器开放共享中的应用初探

广东工业大学通过构建分析测试大仪智慧学习平台,依托虚拟仿真技术,将大型仪器设备的认知与培训环节进行仿真前置,有效减少了因操作不熟练、技术不扎实、应用不合理等原因导致的仪器损坏、机时占用、测试结果不理想、科研资源严重浪费等问题,促进了学校大型分析测试仪器开放共享的科学、高效、高阶管理。“虚实结合”的管理模式,使得大型仪器设备的机时利用更合理,测试效率更精准,仪器维护更长效。同时,也有助于大型精密仪器的推广学习,提升测试育人实效,让更多的学生认识、走近分析测试仪器,对理工类大学生的创新意识、实验技能起到了激发和引导作用。

SN0144i-XX小井眼测井仪器套捞一体打捞技术研究及应用

SN0144i-XX井是一口目的层为马家沟组碳酸盐岩储层小井眼井,完钻井深3805 m,152.4 mm裸眼段长3040 m,最大井斜24°,最大狗腿度4.05°,钻井液密度1.16 g/cm^(3)。井口起仪器过程中Φ57 mm测井仪器串落井,因井眼、仪器尺寸较小,仪器串结构复杂,仪器串抗拉抗压参数受限,落井仪器状态不明等问题,采用常规打捞技术已不能满足Φ152.4 mm小井眼中Φ57 mm测井仪器串的打捞要求,为此,通过分析测井仪器结构,每趟打捞出井仪器结构及落鱼在井筒内的相对位置及状态,开展套捞一体式专用打捞工具的设计制作、打捞方案的制定等研究,采用磁定位仪器确定鱼头技术,精准确定鱼头位置,提高仪器打捞成功率,设计制作了Φ146 mm大引鞋+Φ110 mm卡瓦打捞筒、Φ143 mm套铣头栽钢丝+内嵌式Φ110 m卡瓦打捞筒、Φ143 mm套铣管开窗+内嵌式Φ110 mm卡瓦打捞筒等套捞一体式打捞工具,进行26次的连续打捞作业,耗时45 d成功捞出落井仪器串19 m。阐述了小井眼裸眼井测井仪器落井后开展的套捞一体式非常规打捞工具设计加工、打捞方案编制及关键打捞措施,为今后类似测井仪器落井非常规打捞作业提供了一定的技术参考。

High-throughput computational screening of Cu-MOFs with open metal sites for efficient C_2H_2/C_2H_4 separation

Cost effective separation of acetylene(C_2H_2)and ethylene(C_2H_4)is of key importance to obtain essential chemical raw materials for polymer industry.Due to the low compression limit of C_2H_2,there is an urgent demand to develop suitable materials for efficiently separating the two gases under ambient conditions.In this paper,we provided a high-throughput screening strategy to study porous metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)containing open metal sites(OMS)for C_2H_2/C_2H_4 separation,followed by a rational design of novel MOFs in-silico.A set of accurate force fields was established from ab initio calculations to describe the critical role of OMS towards guest molecules.From a large-scale computational screening of 916 experimental Cu-paddlewheel-based MOFs,three materials were identified with excellent separation performance.The structure-performance relationships revealed that the optimal materials should have the largest cavity diameter around 5-10?and pore volume in-between 0.3-1.0 cm^3 g^(-1).Based on the systematic screening study result,three novel MOFs were further designed with the incorporation of fluorine functional group.The results showed that Cu-OMS and the-F group on the aromatic rings close to Cu sites could generate a synergistic effect on the preferential adsorption of C_2H_2 over C_2H_4,leading to a remarkable improvement of C_2H_2 separation performance of the materials.The findings could provide insight for future experimental design and synthesis of high-performance nanostructured materials for C_2H_2/C_2H_4 separation.

Discussion of the process control of large-scale instruments and equipment procurement in State Key Laboratory

In recent years,the usage,management and benefit of large-scale scientific research instruments and equipment in scientific research institutes have been a leading issue in the management of scientific research institutes.Within the scope of equipment budget,it is necessary for each equipment acquisition team to conduct a round of communication,coordination and negotiation with suppliers in order to improve the cost performance of equipment procurement and maximize the performance index to meet the needs of scientific research.By introducing the practical experience of the State Key Laboratory in purchasing imported equipment and managing large-scale instruments,this paper probes into the management process of the imported large-scale scientific research tax-free equipment of scientific research institutes,and explores the system and methods to guarantee and improve the efficiency of large-scale instruments in scientific research institutes from the aspects of policy,funds and technology.

Construction and open access management of large-scale instrument platform

Due to the new situation of continuous expansion of scientific and technological resources in universities and the urgent demand for hardware resources for science and technology innovation it is imperative to strengthen the construction of large-scale instrument service platforms and open access management.It is not only the requirements for the development of instrument service platforms,but also the resources for science and technology of society.In the present paper,we first summarized the current equipment management,open access and major experience,then raised the problems in the construction and management process on the basis of the large instrument platform construction and open access management regulations,and finally proposed countermeasures for these problems:increasing funding input,streamlining the management system,improving the performance evaluation mechanism,and strengthening the management and operation team construction,etc.Collectively,this paper provided reference and enlightenment for the construction and open access management of similar large-scale instrument platforms.

高校大型仪器开放实验室网络培训体系的探索

大型仪器在高校人才培养和科研测试服务中发挥着重要作用,系统的培训体系是高校大型仪器共享平台高效运行的基本保障,也是高校推进一流教育和拔尖人才培养的客观要求。系统性规范化的网络培训模式有利于提升培训的效果。通过构建包含安全培训及考核、仪器使用培训及考核、仪器原理及应用技巧、仪器测试成果与前沿展示互动交流于一体的网络资源平台,探索基于此平台的培训管理体系和长效完备的学习支撑体系,为高校大型仪器开放共享与人才培养体系建设提供了新思路。

高校大型仪器开放共享研究热点与趋势分析

为了更好地把握国内高校大型仪器开放共享的研究热点和发展趋势,对中国知网建库以来收录的该领域研究进行文献计量学分析。结果表明,关于大型仪器开放共享的文献多集中于实验类核心期刊,并形成了一定数量的核心作者,发文机构集中在“双一流”建设高校,国家级项目资助比重较大。关键词共现分析表明,基于“现状—问题—对策”范式的管理对策研究、共享信息服务平台的技术支撑体系研究和国内外大型仪器共享管理经验总结是当前的研究热点。随着研究前沿不断发展,持续深入开展管理体制机制建设、细化和完善评价考核体系、引入市场化机制和聚焦用户体验可能成为未来的研究重点。

高校仪器设备10S精细化管理的研究与实践

高校仪器设备的投入不断增加,如何管好、管活仪器设备,使其在教学和科研方面发挥更大的作用,是广大高校仪器设备管理工作者努力解决的问题。四川大学经过长期积极探索与不断实践,首次提出10S精细化仪器设备管理体系,以管理促发展,理论与实践相结合,仪器设备日常管理规范化与现代化相结合,大幅提升了仪器设备管理的科学化和精细化水平,有效提高了仪器设备开放共享的效益和受益面。对10S精细化管理在仪器设备管理中的具体内容进行了阐述与分析,可为其他高校仪器设备管理提供一定的借鉴和帮助。

The Opening Ceremony of a Large-Scale Relics Touring Exhibition of Chinese Characters

On Oct 18,the opening ceremony of the Chinese relics touring exhibition of Chinese Characters:A Legacy and Marvel Perfected Over Three Millennia was held at the Tokyo Fuji Art Museum.Mr.Cheng Yonghua,ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to Japan,and Mr.Hu Sishe,vice-president of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries,attended the ceremony.

大型仪器设备分层化与特征化运行管理探索

随着高校和科研院所大型仪器设备数量及其功能复杂性的增加,运行管理模式需持续创新与优化,该文基于网络共享平台的运行管理模式和土壤与环境研究领域的测试特征,对大型仪器设备的运行管理模式进行了探索。根据大型仪器设备运行特点,该文将仪器划分为常规型、环节型、耗时型、高难型等4种类型,分别采用“专职人员”“专职人员培训-操作视频-送样人”“专职人员培训-送样人”“专职人员-送样人”等分层化模式进行运行管理,统计分析这些仪器的运行机时、操作故障、自然故障、维修情况、共享率、支撑成果等多个运行指标,结果均较为满意。该文提出的分层化与特色化大型仪器设备运行管理模式,可为大型仪器设备共享率与运行效率的提升提供参考。

云南大型科研仪器开放共享服务绩效评价系统的构建

为提高绩效评价的准确性,提升管理单位开放共享服务效率。依据云南大型科研仪器开放共享服务平台、运用管理模型与综合优化计算法相结合,对云南大型科研仪器开放共享服务绩效评价系统构建进行探析。结果表明:系统评价指标公开透明,评价结果无人为因素干扰;系统构架和功能设计操作简易方便,适用性较强;系统测评误差低、测评效率高,绩效评价的准确性与效率得以提高。

高校资产配置中大型仪器论证工作研究

高校大型仪器论证工作是高校资产全生命周期流程管理的关键环节,大型仪器论证工作面临的挑战包括不同共享平台的差异化、论证内涵与实践的不协同、基础信息不完善等。该文详述了某高校论证工作的实践,包括差异化论证策略,根据经费来源进行分类和分级论证;采取多样化的论证组织形式完善论证的机制和形式。此外,该文还讨论了专家在仪器运维成本、开放共享能力方面的专业性分析建议可以指导科学规划,基于政策的合法合规性引导将直接影响大型仪器采购和管理的效率与质量,人工智能技术有助于提高基础数据的质量。

科技金融赋能大型科研仪器开放共享的对策

大型科研仪器设备是解决经济社会发展和国家安全重大科技问题的技术基础。随着我国财政资金的持续投入,新建新购大型科研仪器设施快速增加。同时,新购的仪器设备利用率不高和共享水平较低等问题逐渐凸显,呈现出单位化、部门化、个人化的倾向。聚焦大型科研仪器开放共享难题,提出利用科技金融的活水作用赋能大型科研仪器开放共享,分析科技金融推动大型科研仪器开放共享的作用机理、机制创新和服务模式,并在此基础上提出针对性的开放共享对策。

高校热分析仪器管理的探索与实践

热分析仪器是现代科学中测试材料物理及化学性质的重要仪器,在材料类科学研究中起到了至关重要的作用。科学有效地管好、用好热分析仪器设备,充分发挥出其应有的功能和作用,为科学研究和学生培养提供优质高效的服务,是高校热分析仪器管理人员的重要责任。从高校基层仪器管理人员的角度,总结了近年来在热分析仪器平台管理、开放共享、技术服务能力提升及实验教学等方面的探索与实践经验,旨在为探索科学、高效的大型仪器管理方法提供借鉴。

基于固定效应回归分析的省级公共数据政策对政府数据开放绩效的影响研究

对公共数据政策与政府数据开放绩效的关系进行实证研究,了解公共数据政策工具对政府数据开放绩效的作用效果。基于政策工具和数据生态系统理论,分析省级公共数据政策影响政府数据开放绩效的机理,提出本文的研究假设和模型,然后通过对公共数据政策的编码和量化,计算公共数据供给型、环境型和需求型政策工具的效力,得到模型核心自变量的数据,最后构建面板数据,对公共数据政策工具效力与开放数林指数进行固定效应回归分析,从而对研究假设进行检验。研究发现,省级公共数据政策整体对政府数据开放绩效存在一定的正向影响,其供给型和需求型政策工具对政府数据开放绩效的提高具有促进作用,环境型政策工具对政府数据开放绩效的提高具有抑制作用,且不同政策工具对同一绩效指标的影响大小存在差异。