Energy Management of Networked Smart Railway Stations Considering Regenerative Braking, Energy Storage System, and Photovoltaic Units

The networking of microgrids has received significant attention in the form of a smart grid.In this paper,a set of smart railway stations,which is assumed as microgrids,is connected together.It has been tried to manage the energy exchanged between the networked microgrids to reduce received energy from the utility grid.Also,the operational costs of stations under various conditions decrease by applying the proposed method.The smart railway stations are studied in the presence of photovoltaic(PV)units,energy storage systems(ESSs),and regenerative braking strategies.Studying regenerative braking is one of the essential contributions.Moreover,the stochastic behaviors of the ESS’s initial state of energy and the uncertainty of PV power generation are taken into account through a scenario-based method.The networked microgrid scheme of railway stations(based on coordinated operation and scheduling)and independent operation of railway stations are studied.The proposed method is applied to realistic case studies,including three stations of Line 3 of Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company(TUSROC).The rolling stock is simulated in the MATLAB environment.Thus,the coordinated operation of networked microgrids and independent operation of railway stations are optimized in the GAMS environment utilizing mixed-integer linear programming(MILP).

Design and Operation of Municipal Rain and Sewage United Pumping Station

In the process of designing a municipal rainwater and sewage pumping station,it is necessary to accurately grasp the design points,reasonably determine the scale of the rainwater and sewage pumping station,scientifically select the location and layout,and select materials reasonably.After completing the process design of the municipal rainwater and sewage pumping station and putting it into operation,in order to ensure the normal and stable operation of the pumping station,it is necessary to focus on strengthening the operation and management of diving equipment,cleaning equipment,and electromechanical equipment.The author analyzes the key points and specific design path of the process design of municipal rainwater and sewage pumping stations,and puts forward effective strategies for operation management,hoping to contribute to the scientific design and stable operation of municipal rainwater and sewage pumping stations.

Establishment and evaluation of operation function model for cascade hydropower station

Toward solving the actual operation problems of cascade hydropower stations under hydrologic uncertainty, this paper presents the process of extraction of statistical characteristics from long-term optimal cascade operation, and proposes a monthly operation function algorithm for the actual operation of cascade hydropower stations through the identification, processing, and screening of available information during long-term optimal operation. Applying the operation function to the cascade hydropower stations on the Jinshajiang-Yangtze River system, the modeled long-term electric generation is shown to have high precision and provide benefits. Through comparison with optimal operation, the simulation results show that the operation function proposed retains the characteristics of optimal operation. Also, the inadequacies and attribution of the algorithm are discussed based on case study, providing decision support and reference information for research on large-scale cascade operation work.

A Study on Importance and Role of Irrigation and Hydropower Plant Operation in Integrated River Basin Management

In this study, 16 irrigation schemes (Baklan, Irgilli, Sutlac, Cal, Cürüksu, Nazilli, Saraykoy, Pamukkale, Sultanhisar, Akcay, Aydin, Topcam, Karpuzlu, Isikli, Gümüssu ve Soke) having 166,381 hectares, built by State Hydraulic Works (DSI), and operated by participatory irrigation managements, and 14 hydroelectric power plants (HPP) operated and built on dams, canals and rivers by the public and private sectors are examined in the Büyük Menderes basin which is an important basin in terms of the agriculture, energy and ecology projects. Integrated basin management practices and the importance and role of irrigation and hydropower plant operation in integrated basin management, how it should be, optimal use of available water resources for irrigation and hydroelectric power plant operation, irrigation relationship with canal hydropower plants, operated under integrated basin management of irrigation and hydropower plants, environment and the ecological effects have been studied, and integrated basin management with the existing basin management conditions in terms of hydropower plant and irrigation operation on the basis of data of 2015 have been compared, reached important conclusions, and made recommendations on the subject.

Chaotic Optimal Operation of Hydropower Station with Ecology Consideration

Traditional optimal operation of hydropower station usually has two problems. One is that the optimal algorithm hasn’t high efficiency, and the other is that the optimal operation model pays little attention to ecology. And with the development of electric power market, the generated benefit is concerned instead of generated energy. Based on the analysis of time-varying electricity price policy, an optimal operation model of hydropower station reservoir with ecology consideration is established. The model takes the maximum annual power generation benefit, the maximum output of the minimal output stage in the year and the minimum shortage of eco-environment demand as the objectives, and reservoir water quantity balance, reservoir storage capacity, reservoir discharge flow and hydropower station output and nonnegative variable as the constraints. To solve the optimal model, a chaotic optimization genetic algorithm which combines the ergodicity of chaos and the inversion property of genetic algorithm is exploited. An example is given, which shows that the proposed model and algorithm are scientific and feasible to deal with the optimal operation of hydropower station.

Decision-making model for risk management of cascade hydropower stations

In a medium-term electricity market,in order to reduce the risks of price and inflow uncertainties, the cascade hydropower stations may use the options contract with electricity supply companies. A profit-based model for risk management of cascade hydropower stations in the medium-term electricity market is presented. The objective function is profit maximization of cascade hydropower stations. In order to avoid the risks of price and inflow uncertainties, two different risk-aversion constraints: a minimum profit constraint and a minimum conditional value-at-risk, are introduced in the model. In addition, the model takes into account technology constraints of the generating units, which includes reservoir flow balance, reservoir capacity limits, water discharge constraints, etc. The model is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. Because the search space of the solution is very large, a genetic algorithm is used to deal with the problem.

Operation Strategy of EV Battery Charging and Swapping Station

An operation strategy of the electric vehicle （EV） battery charging and swapping station is proposed in the paper. The strategy is established based on comprehensively consideration of the EV charging behaviors and the possible mutual actions between battery charging and swapping. Three energy management strategies can be used in the station： charging period shifting, energy exchange between EVs, and energy supporting from surplus swapping batteries. Then an optimization model which minimizes the total energy management costs of the station is built. The Monte Carlo simulation is applied to analyze the characteristics of the EV battery charging load, and a heuristic algorithm is used to solve the strategy providing the relevant information of EVs and the battery charging and swapping station. The operation strategy can efficiently reduce battery charging during the high electricity price periods and make more reasonable use of the resources. Simulations prove the feasibility and rationality of the strategy.

Optimal Operation of Multi-Objective Hydropower Reservoir with Ecology Consideration

Aiming at the problem that traditional optimal operation of hydropower reservoir pays little attention to ecology, an optimal operation model of multi-objective hydropower reservoir with ecology consideration is established which combines the ecology and power generation. The model takes the maximum annual power generation benefit, the maximum output of the minimal output stage in the year and the minimum shortage of ecological water demand as objectives, and water quantity balance of reservoir, reservoir storage, discharge flow, output and so on as constraints. Chaotic genetic arithmetic is developed to solve the optimal model. An example is studied, showing that the annual generation of the proposed model is 8 million kW?h less than that model without ecology consideration, which is about 0.28 percent. But the proposed model is in favor of river ecology protection, and can promote the sustainable utilization of water resources. So it is worthy and necessary for the optimal operation of hydropower reservoir with ecology consideration.

Operation Analysis on T&D Equipment in Three Gorges LeftBank Hydropower Station

The paper outlines the Yangtze Three Gorges water conservancy complex. It describes the power transmission and distribution equipment in the Three Gorges LeftBank Hydropower Station, especially large high-voltage distribution devices. It elaborates the measures for suppressing GIS over-voltage and the tests on VFTO, besides technical measures to ensure safety and stability of power system in the station. It also makes some analyses and summaries about the problems encountered in operation of the equipment.

Effects of Mountain Rivers Cascade Hydropower Stations on Water Ecosystems

China is rich in hydropower resources,and mountain rivers have abundant water resources and huge development potential,which have a profound impact on the pattern of water resources allocation in China.As the main way of water resources and hydropower development,the construction of cascade hydropower stations,while meeting the requirements of water resources utilization for social development,has also brought adverse effects on river ecosystems.Therefore,the impact of the construction of cascade hydropower stations on mountainous river ecosystems,where the minimum ecological flow of rivers must be ensured and reviewed.In addition,this paper proposed the deficiencies and outlooks for cascade hydropower stations based on previous research results.

Study on life-cycle risk management of high earth-rock dam project

Based on advanced computer technology, internet of things （lOT） technology, project management con- cept and professional technology and combined with the innovative theories, methods and techniques in earlier hy- dropower projects, the life-cycle risk management system of high earth-rock dam project for Nuozhadu project was developed. The system mainly includes digital dam, three-dimensional design, construction quality monito- ring, safety assessment and warning, etc, to integrally manage and analyze the dam design, constructional quality and safety monitoring information. It realized the dynamic updates of the comprehensive information and the safe- ty quality monitoring in the project life cycle, and provided the basic platform for the scientific management of the construction and operation safety of high earth-rock dam. Application in Nuozhadu earth-rock dam showed that construction safety monitoring and warning greatly helped accelerate the construction progress and improve project quality, and provided a new way for the quality safety control of high earth-rock dam.

基于改进模糊故障树法的梯级水电站联合运行期风险分析

以我国某大型梯级水电站为例,基于文献分析法识别其联合运行期的风险源,建立风险指标体系,对传统的模糊故障树法进行改进,在其量化风险概率的基础上,利用层次分析法确定基本事件重要性权重,二者相结合对梯级水电站联合运行期进行风险分析,计算出梯级水电站联合运行期的风险发生概率。结果表明,梯级水电站联合运行期的风险发生概率为4.22×10^(-3),根据《水电站大坝运行安全评价导则》综合判定,风险等级较高,应合理制定相应措施加强风险防范,降低风险损失。研究结果为制定梯级水电站风险防控措施以及进行风险管理提供了基础和支持。

小水电集约化运维管理三方演化博弈研究

“双碳”背景下,为推进小水电集约化运维管理,保证其高质量发展。基于演化博弈理论,构建小水电业主、政府与运维服务企业之间的三方博弈模型,并运用Matlab软件进行数值仿真分析,以探究小水电集约化运维管理三方策略选择的演化路径。结果表明:初始策略的变化对博弈三方演化收敛速度有显著影响;在一定条件下,博弈系统将演化稳定于较理想的均衡状态(1,0,1);运维成本效益、政府奖惩力度、运维平台智慧度和方案收费系数是影响小水电实现集约化运维管理的主要因素。研究结论可为小水电业主参与集约化运维管理和政府制定相关政策提供一定的理论指导。

作为城市基础设施的新能源汽车充电桩——服务新特性与规划新思维

研究聚焦作为新兴城市基础设施的新能源汽车充电桩,结合对长三角领先城市发展状况的实地考察,提炼其较之传统设施体系的异同点,进一步从理论视角出发剖析其内涵特性,并探讨适配的规划干预新思维。研究认为新能源汽车充电桩是一项以充电和停车为核心功能的从旧体系中生长出的新设施,因较之传统基础设施有更久的历时体验和更多的技术赋能,从而能支持各类新型使用场景。基于交通与能源两方面时空需求的叠合,充电桩的布局和使用涉及多主体多部门的差异化诉求,协同治理面临挑战。城市规划作为统筹公共资源空间分配的政策平台,理应将充电桩纳入公用设施体系的考量之中,在“投融建管营”一体化新思维下探索新的规划模式。这一模式既要与既有设施体系充分兼容,保持基础设施的稳定特性,又要能充分拥抱市场,通过技术迭代不断提升用户体验。

汛期水风光多能互补动态调度模型研究

为充分利用水电站水库汛期在预报无洪水或小洪水时的调节能力,将汛期运行水位动态控制域对应库容作为调节风光运行的可用库容,在提高水库调节能力的基础上给出了考虑入库洪水实时状态的汛期水电站水库动态消纳风光调度模式,以风光出力期望值加水电出力之和与负荷偏差最小为目标,结合风光出力不确定性建立了汛期水风光多能互补动态调度模型,并以福建省水口水电站为例进行模拟调度计算。结果表明:所提动态消纳风光调度模式能够在保证防洪安全的前提下充分合理利用水位动态控制域内的调节能力来调节风光出力,使失负荷时段数和发电量缺口期望值相较于传统调度模式分别降低约37%和32%,水电站水库平均发电水头提高约4.39%,不仅可提高系统出力可靠性,且能增加系统运行效益。研究成果可为汛期调节风光出力提供参考。

采气井站高效生产运行机制的探索与实践

中石化西南油气分公司采气三厂为推进“集中监控、无人值守、少人巡检、专业维修”管理模式落地,以生产指挥中心为核心,以生产组织运行关键业务为重点,以扁平化组织架构为支撑,利用信息化手段,明确内外操职能和工作界面,做强生产指挥中心“内操”职能,做实基层班组“外操”职能,内操通过信息化平台对生产现场实时管控,通过气田PCS系统一体化联动;外操对生产异常及时处置,有效提高了异常发现和管控的及时率,促使生产运行管理理念由管正常向管异常转变。逐步形成了“全面覆盖、无缝链接、精准高效”的立体管理体系,无人值守场站比例由标准化建设前23%提升至49%。

广东省小水电绿色全要素智能管理存在的问题及对策

广东省农村小水电资源丰富,省内有近万座小水电,数量占居全国之首。小水电在解决农村用电、促进农村经济发展方面发挥了重要的作用,但是,随着技术进步和国家产业政策的调整、生态文明建设的推进,广东省小水电面临绿色转型、强化管理等需求,因此有必要分析小水电在绿色全要素智能管理方面存在的问题及对策。研究表明,广东省小水电存在安全生产有隐患、生态流量保障不足、运行管理自动化程度低、监管难等问题,可以通过建立安全生产标准机制、落实生态流量、促进小水电绿色转型、开展全要素智能管理等措施加以解决。

梯级水电站防汛和应急管理的研究与应用

岷江流域和渔子溪支流常年遭受自然灾害的侵袭,暴雨、泥石流以及山体滑坡、道路坍塌等次生灾害严重影响水电站的安全稳定运营。通过流域内梯级水电站防汛和应急管理的研究,以“四个打破,一个突出”为核心,建立梯级水电站多维度防汛和应急联动管理机制,确保水电站在遇到设计标准内的洪水时,不垮坝、不漫坝、不水淹厂房;遇到超标洪水等特殊情况下,相应的应急措施有效、可靠,以降低水电站的损失。

基于AHP与TOPSIS的水电站能效管理水平评价方法研究

针对现有水电站能效管理水平评价方法的不足,将层次分析法(AHP)和优劣解距离法(TOPSIS)引入评价过程中,综合考虑经济、安全和管理3个方面的因素,构建了水电站能效管理评价指标体系;针对九分位标度法的不足,采用指数标度法确定各指标权重;分别利用TOPSIS方法和专家打分法对定量指标、定性指标进行评分,并进一步实现水电站能效管理水平的综合评价;以某实际水电站为例,分析和计算2018-2022年的水电站能效管理水平得分,结果表明该电站能效管理水平总体上呈上升趋势。

运营场景驱动的智慧车站管控系统研究

智慧车站管控系统是建设轨道交通智慧车站的关键。针对当前智慧车站建设试点范围小、应用场景单一、缺乏标准化指导等不足,提出以运营场景为导向的智慧车站管控系统构建策略及优化路径。从运营管理、乘客服务两方面明确运营场景标准化业务要素,形成覆盖管理全流程的七项运营管理场景以及乘客出行服务的七项服务场景;基于运营场景标准化业务要素,设计智慧车站管控系统的总体架构,开展数据需求分析、功能设计及关键技术研究。为运营企业结合自身业务需求搭建配置灵活、集成联控、自主运行的智慧车站管控系统提供借鉴和指导。