LSTM-based lane change prediction using Waymo open motion dataset: The role of vehicle operating space

Lane change prediction is critical for crash avoidance but challenging as it requires the understanding of the instantaneous driving environment.With cutting-edge artificial intelligence and sensing technologies,autonomous vehicles(AVs)are expected to have exceptional perception systems to capture instantaneously their driving environments for predicting lane changes.By exploring the Waymo open motion dataset,this study proposes a framework to explore autonomous driving data and investigate lane change behaviors.In the framework,this study develops a Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)model to predict lane changing behaviors.The concept of Vehicle Operating Space(VOS)is introduced to quantify a vehicle's instantaneous driving environment as an important indicator used to predict vehicle lane changes.To examine the robustness of the model,a series of sensitivity analysis are conducted by varying the feature selection,prediction horizon,and training data balancing ratios.The test results show that including VOS into modeling can speed up the loss decay in the training process and lead to higher accuracy and recall for predicting lane-change behaviors.This study offers an example along with a methodological framework for transportation researchers to use emerging autonomous driving data to investigate driving behaviors and traffic environments.

The Local Theory of Completely 1-Summing Mapping Spaces

In this paper, we investigate local properties in the system of completely 1-summing mapping spaces. We introduce notions of injectivity, local reflexivity, exactness, nuclearity and finite-representability in the system of completely 1-summing mapping spaces. First we obtain that if V has WEP, V is locally reflexive in the system (Ⅱ1(⋅,⋅), π1(⋅)) if and only if it is locally reflexive in the system (Ⅰ(⋅,⋅), t(⋅)). Furthermore we prove that an operator space V ⊆ B(H) is exact in the system (Ⅱ1(⋅,⋅), π1(⋅)) if and only if V is finitely representable in {Mn}n∈N in the system (Ⅱ1(⋅,⋅), π1(⋅)). At last, we show that an operator space V is finitely representable in {Mn}n∈N in the system (Ⅱ1(⋅,⋅), π1(⋅)) if and only if V = C.

THE CENTRAL BMO SPACES AND LITTLEWOOD-PALEY OPERATORS

The authors give a characterization of central bounded mean oscillation space CBMO2(Rγ) in terms of the central Carleson measure. Using this character, the authors establish the CBMO2(Rγ)-boundedness for several classes of general Littlewood-Paley operators.

Active Compliance Control of a Position‑Controlled Industrial Robot for Simulating Space Operations

An industrial robot with a six-axis force/torque sensor is usually used to produce a zero-gravity environment for testing space robotic operations.However,using traditional force control methods,such as admittance control,causes position-controlled industrial robots to undergo from force divergence owing to intrinsic time delay.In this paper,a new force control method is proposed to eliminate the force divergence.A hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)simulator with an industrial robot is first presented.The free-floating satellite dynamics and the motion mapping from the satellites to simulator are both established.Thus,the effects of measurement delay and dynamic response delay on contact velocity and force are investigated.After that,a real-time estimation method for contact stiffness and damping is proposed based on the adaptive Kalman filter.The measurement delay is compensated by a phase lead model.Moreover,the identified contact parameters are adopted to modify contact forces,and thus the dynamics response delay can be compensated for.Finally,a co-simulation and experiments were conducted to verify the force control method.The results show that contact stiffness and damping could be identified exactly and that the simulation divergence could be prevented.This paper proposes an active compliance control method that can deal with force constrained tasks of a position-controlled robot in unknown environments.

BOUNDEDNESS OF FRACTIONAL MAXIMAL OPERATOR AND THEIR HIGHER ORDER COMMUTATORS IN GENERALIZED MORREY SPACES ON CARNOT GROUPS

In the article we consider the fractional maximal operator Mα, 0 ≤α 〈 Q on any Carnot group G （i.e., nilpotent stratified Lie group） in the generalized Morrey spaces Mp,φ（G）, where Q is the homogeneous dimension of G. We find the conditions on the pair （φ1, φ2） which ensures the boundedness of the operator Ms from one generalized Morrey space Mp,φ1 （G） to another Mq,φ2 （G）, 1. 〈 p ≤q 〈 ∞. 1/p - 1/q = α/Q, and from the space M1,φ1 （G） to the weak space Wq,φ2 （G）, 1 〈 q 〈 ∞, 1 - 1/q = α/Q. Also find conditions on the φ which ensure the Adams type boundedness of the Ms from M α （G） from Mp,φ^1/p（G）to Mq,φ^1/q（G） for 1 〈p〈q〈∞ and fromM1,φ（G） toWMq,φ^1/q（G）for 1〈q〈∞. In the case b ∈ BMO（G） and 1 〈 p 〈 q 〈 ∞, find the sufficient conditions on the pair （φ1, φ2） which ensures the boundedness of the kth-order commutator operator Mb,α,k from Mp,φ1 （G） to Mq,φ2（G） with 1/p - 1/q = α/Q. Also find the sufficient conditions on the φ which ensures the boundedness of the operator Mb,α,k from Mp,φ^1/p（G） tom Mp,φ^1/p （G） for 1 〈p〈q〈∞. In all the cases the conditions for the boundedness of Mα are given it terms of supremaltype inequalities on （φ1, φ2） and φ , which do not assume any assumption on monotonicity of （φ1, φ2） and φ in r. As applications we consider the SchrSdinger operator -△G ＋ V on G, where the nonnegative potential V belongs to the reverse Holder class B∞（G）. The MB,φ1 - Mq,φ2 estimates for the operators V^γ（-△G ＋ V）^-β and V^γ△↓G（-△G ＋ V）^-β are obtained.

Some New Fixed Point Theorems in Probabilistic Metric Spaces

In this paper, we introduce the concept of the Z-M-PN space and obtain somenew fixed point theorems in probabilistic metric spaces Meanwhile,some famous fixedpoint theorems are generalized in probabilistic metric spaces, such a.s fixed point theorem of Schauder, Guo's theorem and fixed point theorem of Petryshyn are generalized in Menger PN-space. And fixed point theorem of Altman is also generalized in the Z-M-PN space.

SOME ROUGH OPERATORS ON PRODUCT SPACES

In this survey report, we shall mainly summarize some recent progress, interesting problems and typical methods used in the theory related to rough Marcinkiewicz integrals and rough singular integrals on product spaces. In addition, we give new proofs for some known results.

THE BOUNDEDNESS OF CERTAIN OPERATORS ON HOLDER AND SOBOLEV SPACES

The main topic in this note is to discuss the boundedness of pseudo-differential operators and para-product nptfators on ihe Holder and Sobotev space;, respectively It is the preparation of the thoery of Gibbs - Butzer deffereftital operators and differential equations.

WEIGHTED COMPOSITION OPERATORS BETWEEN BERS-TYPE SPACES AND BERGMAN SPACES

This paper characterizes the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators between Bers-type space （or little Bers-type space） and Bergman space. Some estimates for the norm of weighted composition operators between those spaces are obtained.

ROUGH OPERATORS AND COMMUTATORS ON HOMOGENEOUS WEIGHTED HERZ SPACES

The authors establish the baundedness on homogeneous weighted Herz spaces for a large class of rough operators and their commutators with BMO functions. In particular, the Calderon-Zygmund singular integrals and the rough R. Fefferman singular integral operators and the rough Ricci-Stein oscillatory singular integrals and the corresponding commutators are considered.

LITTLEWOOD-PALEY OPERATORS AND MARCINKIEWICZ INTEGRAL ON GENERALIZED CAMPANATO SPACES

Littlewood-Paley operators and Marcinkiewicz integral on generalized Campanula spaces ερ,φ are studied. It is proved that the image of a function under the action of these operators is either equal to infinity almost everywhere or is in ερ,φ.

DENSITY PROPERTIES OF MAPPING SPACES FOR OPERATOR SPACES

In this article, we give the sufficient and necessary conditions for which several important mapping spaces are weak＊ dense in the corresponding completely bound mapping spaces.

Analysis on EAST LHCD Operation Space by Using Simple Core-SOL-Divertor Model

A simple core-SOL-divertor model （CSD model） was developed to investigate qual- itatively the overall features of the operational space for the integrated core and edge plasma. In the CSD model, the core plasma model of ITER physics guidelines and the two-point SOL-divertor model are applied, This CSD model is validated by the two dimensional divertor transport code （B2-EIRINE） and by the JT-60U divertor recycling database, and this model is applicable to the low- and high-recycling state of the divertor plasma. The CSD model is applied to the study of the EAST operational space with lower hybrid current drive under various kinds of trade-off for the basic plasma parameters, and the relationship between the operational space and the plasma discharge duration is also discussed.

NOTES ON REAL INTERPOLATION OF OPERATOR L_(p)-SPACES

Let M be a semifinite von Neumann algebra.We equip the associated noncommutative Lp-spaces with their natural operator space structure introduced by Pisier via complex interpolation.On the other hand,for L_(p),p(M)=(L_(∞)(M),L_(1)(M)_(1/p,p)be equipped with the operator space structure via real interpolation as defined by the second named author(J.Funct.Anal.139(1996),500–539).We show that Lp,p(M)=Lp(M)completely isomorphically if and only if M is finite dimensional.This solves in the negative the three problems left open in the quoted work of the second author.We also show that for 1<p<∞and 1≤q≤∞with p 6=q,(L_(∞)(M;l_(q)),L_(1)(M;l_(q)_(1/p,p)=L_(p)(M;l_(q)with equivalent norms,i.e.,at the Banach space level if and only if M is isomorphic,as a Banach space,to a commutative von Neumann algebra.Our third result concerns the following inequality:||(∑iixtq)^(1/q)||lp(M)≤||(∑iixit)^(1/q)||lp(M),for any finite sequence(xi)⊂L+p(M),where 0<r<q<∞and 0<p≤∞.If M is not isomorphic,as a Banach space,to a commutative von Meumann algebra,then this inequality holds if and only if p≥r.

Influence of Constraint in Parameter Space on Quantum Games

We study the influence of the constraint in the parameter space on quantum games.Decomposing SU(2)operator into product of three rotation operators and controlling one kind of them,we impose a constraint on the parameter space of the players' operator.We find that the constraint can provide a tuner to make the bilateral payoffs equal,so that the mismatch of the players' action at multi-equilibrium could be avoided.We also find that the game exhibits an intriguing structure as a function of the parameter of the controlled operators,which is useful for making game models.

DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS OF INFINITE ORDER IN THE SPACE OF RAPIDLY DECREASING SEQUENCES

We consider the space of rapidly decreasing sequences s and the derivative operator D defined on it. The object of this article is to study the equivalence of a differential operator of infinite order; that is φ（D） =^∞∑k=0φkD^k.φk constant numbers an a power of D.Dn, meaning, is there a isomorphism X （from s onto s） such that Xφ（D） = D^nX？. We prove that if φ（D） is equivalent to Dn, then φ（D） is of finite order, in fact a polynomial of degree n. The question of the equivalence of two differential operators of finite order in the space s is addressed too and solved completely when n = 1.

ON PROBABILISTIC NORM OF A LINEAR OPERATORS AND SPACE OF OPERATORS

Since the PN space (E, F) which satisfies condition (PN-5) is just a Menger PN-space (E, F, min), the results with regard to probabilistic norms of linear operators on PN-spaces obtained by Xiao Jianzhong have bigger limitations. In this paper, problems respecting probabilistic norms of linear operators and spaces of operators are studied on more general Menger PN-spaces. The results presented improve and generalize the corresponding results by Xiao.

TOEPLITZ-HANKEL TYPE OPERATORS ON PRODUCT SPACES

Via a series of orihogonal two-dimensional wavelets, an orthogonal decomposition of the space of square integral functions on Ux U (U is the upper half-plane) with the meaaure y_1^(_1) y_2~(_2 dx_1 dx_2 dy_1 dy_2 is given. Four kinds of Toeplitz-Hankel type operators between the decomposition components are defined and boundedness. S_p properties of them are established.

FM Space Depend on Operator T and the Normal Solvability of Operator Polynomial P（T）

In this paper,generalized the ideas of theory of distributions,defined locally convex space depend on operator T,given a new method to change the study of a unbounded operator to a bounded operator, and proved the normal solvability of operator polynomial P (T) on FM space that depend on operator T.

REFERENCE FUNCTIONAL AND CHARACTERISTIC SPACE FOR LAGRANGE AND BERNSTEIN OPERATORS

This paper deals with the description and the representation of polynomials defined over n-simplices, The polynomials are computed by using two recurrent schemes: the Neville-Aitken one for the Lagrange interpolating operator and the De Casteljau one for the Bernstein-Bezier approximating operator. Both schemes fall intothe framework of transformations of the form where the F iare given numbers (forexample, at the initial step they coincide with the values of the function on a given lattice), and the coefficients (x) are linear polynomials valued in x and x is fixed. A general theory for such sequence of transformations can be found in [2] where it is also proved that these tranformations are completely characterized in term of a linear functional, reference functional. This functional is associated with a linear space., characteristic space.The concepts of reference functionals and characteristic spaces will be used and we shall prove the existence of a characteristic space for the reference functional: associated with these operators.