Optimal Operation of Multipurpose Reservoir for Irrigation Planning with Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater

In the present study, a Linear Programming (LP) model is developed for the conjunctive use of surface water and ground water to obtain the optimal operating policy for a multipurpose single reservoir. The objective of the present study is to maximize the net benefit from the command area under consideration. The constraints imposed on the objective function are maximum and minimum irrigation demands, reservoir storages and canal capacity. The model takes into account the continuity constraint which includes inflows in to the reservoir, releases for irrigation, releases for hydro-power generation, evaporation losses, feeder canal releases, initial and final storages in the reservoir in each time period. The developed model is applied to the case study of Jayakwadi reservoir stage-I, built across river Godavari, Maharashtra, India. Initially the model is solved for the availability of surface water which results in net benefit of 3373.45 million rupees with irrigation intensity is 57.07%. Next the model solved by considering the availability of surface water and available potential of groundwater in the area, which results in net benefits of 3590.02 million rupees with an intensity of irrigation 58.48%. The present model takes in to account the socio-economic requirement of growing the essential crops to meet the requirement of the society. The model has also generated the canal wise optimal releases for irrigation and power, monthly utilization of groundwater, storages in the reservoir at the end of every month and corresponding head over the turbine.

Q-Switching Pulse Operation in 1.5-μm Region Using Copper Nanoparticles as Saturable Absorber

We demonstrate a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser （EDFL） using a copper nanoparticle （CuNP） thin film as the saturable absorber in a ring cavity. A stable Q-switched pulse operation is observed as the CuNP saturable absorber （SA） is introduced in the cavity. The pulse repetition rate of the EDFL is observed to be proportional to the pump power, and is limited to 101.2kHz by the maximum pump power of 113.7mW. On the other hand, the pulse width reduces from 10.19μs to 4.28μs as the pump power is varied from 26.1 mW to 113.7mW. The findings suggest that CuNP SA could be useful as a potential saturable absorber for the development of the robust, compact, efficient and low cost Q-switched fiber laser operating at 1.5-μm region.

Analysis and Dynamics of Illicit Drug Use Described by Fractional Derivative with Mittag-Leffler Kernel

Illicit drug use is a significant problem that causes great material and moral losses and threatens the future of the society.For this reason,illicit drug use and related crimes are the most significant criminal cases examined by scientists.This paper aims at modeling the illegal drug use using the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative with Mittag-Leffler kernel.Also,in this work,the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the fractional-order Illicit drug use model are discussed via Picard-Lindelöf theorem which provides successive approximations using a convergent sequence.Then the stability analysis for both disease-free and endemic equilibrium states is conducted.A numerical scheme based on the known Adams-Bashforth method is designed in fractional form to approximate the novel Atangana-Baleanu fractional operator of order 0<a≤1.Finally,numerical simulation results based on different values of fractional order,which also serve as control parameter,are presented to justify the theoretical findings.

经口腔前庭腔镜手术与颈部开放手术治疗甲状腺乳头状癌的临床研究

目的探讨经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺切除术(endoscopic thyroidectomy using the oral vestibular approach,ETOVA)与传统颈部开放手术治疗女性甲状腺乳头状癌的安全性、有效性及美容效果。方法回顾性分析2019年1~12月行甲状腺乳头状癌根治术的120例女性患者的临床资料,分为经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺手术组(腔镜组,n=60)和传统颈部开放手术组(开放组,n=60),对比两组患者术中及术后相关临床资料。结果两组患者年龄、肿瘤直径、中央区淋巴结清扫时间、中央区淋巴结清扫总数、中央区转移淋巴结数量、术后并发症、术后24 h疼痛评分、术后6个月疼痛评分均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)腔镜组手术总时长、术中失血量、术后引流量均大于开放组(P均<0.001),腔镜组术后满意度高。结论ETOVA在治疗甲状腺乳头状癌是安全、有效的,具有更好的美容效果,患者满意度高,可以考虑作为部分患者,尤其是年轻女性甲状腺乳头状癌患者的首选手术方案。

Remaining useful life prediction for engineering systems under dynamic operational conditions: A semi-Markov decision process-based approach

For critical engineering systems such as aircraft and aerospace vehicles, accurate Remaining Useful Life(RUL) prediction not only means cost saving, but more importantly, is of great significance in ensuring system reliability and preventing disaster. RUL is affected not only by a system's intrinsic deterioration, but also by the operational conditions under which the system is operating. This paper proposes an RUL prediction approach to estimate the mean RUL of a continuously degrading system under dynamic operational conditions and subjected to condition monitoring at short equi-distant intervals. The dynamic nature of the operational conditions is described by a discrete-time Markov chain, and their influences on the degradation signal are quantified by degradation rates and signal jumps in the degradation model. The uniqueness of our proposed approach is formulating the RUL prediction problem in a semi-Markov decision process framework, by which the system mean RUL can be obtained through the solution to a limited number of equations. To extend the use of our proposed approach in real applications, different failure standards according to different operational conditions are also considered. The application and effectiveness of this approach are illustrated by a turbofan engine dataset and a comparison with existing results for the same dataset.

B型超声在胆囊炎和胆石症中的诊断价值:540例手术验证分析

报告540例胆囊炎和胆石症病例经手术验证的 B 型超声诊断结果:它诊断胆囊炎和胆囊结石的符合率为97.6%,高于胆囊造影术之87.9%,两者间的差别非常显著(P<0.01);在 B 型超声检查中,上述胆囊组的符合率高于胆总管结石组的52.5%,两组间的差别也非常显著(P<0.01)。此外,还根据其中500例胆囊炎和胆囊结石的声象图表现进行了分型和探讨。

Multiband Scheduler for Future Communication Systems

Operation in multiple frequency bands simultaneously is an important enabler for future wireless communication systems. This article presents a new concept for scheduling transmissions in a wireless radio system operating in multiple frequency bands: the Multiband Scheduler (MBS). The MBS ensures that the operation in multiple bands is transparent to higher network layers. Special attention is paid to achieving low delay and latency when operating the system in the multiband mode. In particular, we propose additions to the ARQ procedures in order to achieve this. Deployment details and assessment results are presented for two multiband deployment scenarios. The first scenario is operation in a spectrum sharing context where multiple bands are used: one dedicated band for basic service and one shared extension band for extended services. In the second scenario we consider multiband operation in a relay environment, where the two bands have different propagation properties and relays provide extra coverage and capacity in the whole cell.

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHM OF MINIMUM COST SPANNING TREE

This paper provides a method of producing a minimum cost spanning tree (MCST) using set operations. It studies the data structure for implementation of set operations and the algorithm to be applied to this structure and proves the correctness and the complexity of the algorithm. This algorithm uses the FDG (formula to divide elements into groups) to sort (the FDG sorts a sequence of n elements in expected tir O(n)) and uses the method of path compression to find and to unite. Therefore. n produces an MCST of an undirected network having n vertices and e edges in expected time O(eG(n)).

Flower Farms Environmental Performance Evaluation in Ethiopia

Cultivation of cut flowers is a new agricultural sector in Ethiopia,which currently generates a high amount of income for the country's develop­ments.Despite its significant contribution to economic developments;many issues were raised from communities and environmentalists con­cerning its environmental performance.Based on this issue the study as­sesses cradle to gate of cut flower production in the Wolmera district.The main objective of the study was environmental performance evaluation of flower farms in Wolmera district,Oromia regional state,Ethiopia related to operational activities throughout entire life cycles of cut flower pro­duction.In this study,primary and secondary data were collected using ISO 14031 standard structured with LCA tool methodology.Data were collected by inventory using an on-site data collection system from its sources.Based on data collected GHG(CO2,N2O,CH4&NH3)emissions to the atmosphere were evaluated by using an inter-governmental panel on climatic changes(IPCC 2006)for inventory data and eutrophication&acidification estimated from data tested at laboratory levels.Similarly,the study also assesses banned chemicals used in the farms through invento­ry data assessment,and about 156 chemicals applied in the farms were collected to screen out those banned chemicals used and the two most extremely hazardous chemicals(Impulse&Meltatix)banned by WHO identified in the study.As it understood from a general assessment of all flower farms;all of them haven't EIA document established before con­struction in the district and production started with having less attention for EHPEA code of conducts in the flower farms which faces the envi­ronments for high impacts by emission emitted from flower farms in the district as a whole.

Mapping of Freshwater Snails’ Habitat—A Source of Transmitting Bilharzia in Mwea Sub-County, Kenya

Bilharzia is vector-borne disease carried by a parasite that is hosted by fresh water snails. The distribution of the disease is concurrent with the existence of the freshwater snails and is dependent on certain suitable environmental conditions. It is difficult to identify the specific habitats of the snails as they are often inaccessible on the ground, the snails also migrate by means of flowing water, making it difficult to keep a track of the freshwater snails’ habitat. This paper aimed at using GIS, Remote Sensing and Species Distribution Modelling techniques to model the suitable habitats for the freshwater snails and to prove that the snails migrate when there are sudden changes in water levels whilst showing the population at risk of bilharzia. The SDM used is the Maximum Entropy (MAXENT) for its ability to make right predictions even with small presence sites. The AUC value of the model was 0.951. The research results showed that the environmental variables;brightness Index, elevation, temperatures were negatively correlated with the snails’ presence while the wetness index, MSAVI, greenness index and soil pH were positively correlated. The snails are observed to favor clay soils of the montmorillonite type and the crop-lands land cover. Areas consistently submerged by water especially after flooding are shown to be the most suitable areas where snails migrate by means of river or canal water. The research proves that Mwea is not the source habitat of the freshwater snails. The neighboring sub-counties within Kirinyaga County should be investigated using such models as a likely source-habitat of the freshwater snails. Destroying the source habitats will lead to complete eradication of the freshwater snails within Mwea.

A new remaining useful life estimation method for equipment subjected to intervention of imperfect maintenance activities

As the key part of Prognostics and Health Management（PHM）, Remaining Useful Life（RUL） estimation has been extensively investigated in recent years. Current RUL estimation studies considering the intervention of imperfect maintenance activities usually assumed that maintenance activities have a single influence on the degradation level or degradation rate, but not on both.Aimed at this problem, this paper proposes a new degradation modeling and RUL estimation method taking the influence of imperfect maintenance activities on both the degradation level and the degradation rate into account. Toward this end, a stochastic degradation model considering imperfect maintenance activities is firstly constructed based on the diffusion process. Then, the Probability Density Function（PDF） of the RUL is derived by the convolution operator under the concept of First Hitting Time（FHT）. To implement the proposed RUL estimation method,the Maximum Likelihood Estimation（MLE） is utilized to estimate the degradation related parameters based on the Condition Monitoring（CM） data, while the Bayesian method is utilized to estimate the maintenance related parameters based on the maintenance data. Finally, a numerical example and a practical case study are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method could greatly improve the RUL estimation accuracy for the degrading equipment subjected to imperfect maintenance activities.

In-service aircraft engines turbine blades life prediction based on multi-modal operation and maintenance data

The in-service life of turbine blades directly affects the on-wing lifetime and operating cost of aircraft engines.It would be essential to accurately evaluate the remaining useful life of turbine blades for safe engine operation and reasonable maintenance decision-making.In this paper,a machine learning-based mechanism with multiple information fusion is proposed to predict the remaining useful life of high-pressure turbine blades.The developed method takes account of the in-service operating factors such as the high-pressure rotor speed and exhaust gas temperature,as well as the engine operating environments and performance degradation.The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated on simulated test cases generated by an integrated blade creep-life assessment model,which comprises engine performance,blade stress,thermal,and creep life estimation models.The results show that the proposed method provides a prospective result for in-service life evaluation of turbine blades and is of significance to evaluating the engine on-wing lifetime and making a reasonable maintenance plan.

Norm Equalities and Inequalities for Three Circulant Operator Matrices

In this paper, three new circulant operator matrices, scaled circulant operator matrices,diag-circulant operator matrices and retrocirculant operator matrices, are given respectively. Several norm equalities and inequalities for these operator matrices are proved. We show the special cases for norm equalities and inequalities, such as the usual operator norm and the Schatten p-norm. Pinching type inequality is also given for weakly unitarily invariant norms. These results are closely related to the nice structure of these special operator matrices. Furthermore, some special cases and specific examples are also considered.

择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术前可疑胆总管结石诊断分析

目的探讨择期腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术前可疑胆总管结石的诊断,并对术中胆道造影及术前MRCP诊断可疑胆总管结石进行评价。方法对2005年5月—2010年5月择期行LC的1758例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中1519例患者临床未疑胆总管结石(A组);余239例患者疑存胆总管结石,根据其不同临床病理特征分为4组(B,C,D,E组)。比较各组术后胆总管结石的发生率。并分析胆总管结石发生的独立危险因素。在可疑胆总管结石的4组中,比较术前MRCP与术中胆道造影确诊胆总管结石准确率。结果 4组可疑患者胆总管结石发生率均明显大于A组(均P<0.01),但4组可疑患者间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示:胆总管直径≥8mm、既往有胆源性胰腺炎、既往有胆总管结石是发生胆总管结石的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。在4组可疑患者中,术前MRCP与术中胆道造影确诊胆总管结石准确率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论肝功能异常、B超示胆总管有扩张、既往有胆源性胰腺炎或既往B超示胆总管有结石情况下,胆总管结石发生率显著性增加;胆总管直径≥8mm、既往有胆源性胰腺炎、既往有胆总管结石是发生胆总管结石的独立危险因素;术前MRCP与术中胆道造影在诊断胆总管结石中无差异。

腘静脉嵌压综合征的诊断及治疗

目的探讨腘静脉嵌压综合征（PVES）的诊治。方法回顾性分析61例PVES患者的临床资料。男39例,女22例;年龄34-58岁（平均44.5岁）。左侧31例,右侧20例,双侧10例。25例表现为单纯小腿肿胀、静脉曲张及色素沉着,36例为反复淤滞性皮炎、小腿胀痛,其中8例长期溃疡不愈。病程5-20年,42例疑诊为＂下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全＂,19例诊断为＂单纯大隐静脉曲张＂,10例曾行大隐静脉高位结扎及分段剥脱术。6例经彩色B超检查发现。所有患者均经下肢顺行静脉造影,狭窄程度均达70%以上。根据造影,属高位狭窄11例,中位狭窄14例,低位狭窄36例。25例由于症状相对较轻,采用循环驱动袜治疗。36例因症状严重,行手术治疗。结果 25例保守治疗者,经循环驱动袜治疗后,小腿肿胀和疼痛均有不同程度改善。36例手术患者症状减轻,静脉溃疡均在术后1个月内完全愈合,29例随访3个月至5年,13例己经放弃弹力袜工作和生活,16例在长时间站立后仅内踝部轻度肿胀,以间断弹力袜治疗,另7例失访。结论腘静脉嵌压综合征临床表现与下肢深静脉功能不全极为相似,很容易被误诊,应予重视。对严重患者手术治疗可取得良好疗效。

带蒂臀大肌瓣皮下括约肌成形术治疗小儿闭肛术后肛门失禁

本文报告用带蒂臀大肌瓣括约肌成形术治疗小儿闭肛术后肛门完全失禁6例.年龄5～11岁.5例术后随诊2个月～5年,失禁均已治愈;另1例术后一周明显好转,正在训练括约功能.6例术后均作了肛直肠测压对照检查,都恢复括约肌收缩反射和松弛反射,肛直肠压力差比术前升高1～4倍,高压区长度增加50%至3倍,患儿自主收缩臀大肌时,肛管括约部产生相当高的收缩压,达115～212mmH_2O,而手术前则为'零'.作者认为手术年龄以5岁以上为合适,双侧带蒂臀大肌瓣左右交义成形肛门括约肌效果快而确实.保证肌瓣血循环和防止感染是手术成败的关键.

先天性胆总管囊肿切除短段空肠代胆道手术——临床和实验研究

囊肿切除胆肠Roux-γ吻合术为治疗先天性胆总管囊肿通用的手术.但该手术存在三个问题:①全囊切除损伤面广、出血多、污染面大;②Roux-γ防返流空肠袢较长,本身迂益,易致胆汁淤滞及梗阻,增加感染及结石形成的机会;③胆汁引流至空肠改变了十二指肠正常生理环境.为此,我们进行了改进:①将囊肿之游离部分全层切除,配合小部分后壁内层切除,缩小了剥离面;②在肝总管和十二指肠之间,间置一短段空肠代胆道,使胆汁直接引流至十二指肠;③加用矩形瓣防止返流(1).称之为'囊肿切除短段空肠代胆道'手术.

后正中矢状切口用于治疗小儿肛门直肠疾病的体会

Pe(n)a-de Veries创用的后矢状肛门直肠成形术经临床实践证明具有暴露充分、损伤小、能利用所有肌肉组织修复先天性缺陷达到良好控制排便能力等优点^(1～3).我院自1984年5月～1985年7月应用后正中矢状切口治疗小儿肛门直肠疾病17例,现报告如下.

^(99)Tc同位素扫描诊断食管裂孔疝及GER的临床观察

本文采用^(99)Tc同位素扫描对12例食管裂孔疝行术前和术后检查.结果证明^(99)Tc同位素扫描可确定GER的程度.这对术式的选择,术后疗效的评定都是一项客观指标.同时还介绍了同位素扫描对GER的诊断,评价,食管裂孔疝与GER的关系.