BACKGROUND： Pattern- visual evoked potential （PVEP） can reflect the functional status of retinal ganglial cells （RGC） and visual cortex, and is an objective examination for visual pathway function. It is a unique...BACKGROUND： Pattern- visual evoked potential （PVEP） can reflect the functional status of retinal ganglial cells （RGC） and visual cortex, and is an objective examination for visual pathway function. It is a unique method for objectively examining the optic nerve function of optic ganglion cells. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of nerve growth factor （NGF） on PVEF in the treatment of optic nerve contusion, evaluate the clinical efficacy of NGF, and make an efficacy comparison with vitamin B12. DESIGN： A randomly grouping, controlled observation. SETTING： Department of Ophthalmology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University. PARTICIPANTS： Forty patients with optic nerve contusion caused by eye trauma, who received the treatment in the Tangshan Worker Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University between January 2006 and June 2007, were recruited in this study. The involved 40 patients, including 34 males and 6 females, were aged 14-59 years. They were confirmed to have optic nerve contusion by ophthalmologic consultation combined with history of disease and orbital CT examination. Informed consents of treatments and detected items were obtained from all the patients. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups with 20 in each： NGF group and vitamin B12 group. METHODS： Conservative treatment was used in the two groups. In addition, patients in the NGF group were intramuscularly injected with NGF solution 18 μg /time, once a day. Those in the vitamin B12 group were injected by the same method with common vitamin B12 of 500 μg combined with vitamin B1 of 100 mg, once a day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： PVEP examination was conducted in all the patients before, one and two weeks after treatment, and latency and amplitude at P100 were detected. RESULTS： Forty patients with optic nerve contusion participated in the final analysis. Before treatment, significant differences in the latency and amplitude at P100 were not found in patients between two groups （P 〉 0.05）. For each patient in the NGF group, the latency of PVEP at P100 was significantly shortened, and the amplitude was significantly increased one and two weeks after treatment as compared with vitamin B12 group（t =2.06-2.34, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： NGF treatment can obviously improve the visual function of patients with optic nerve contusion. The curative effect of NGF is superior to vitamin B12.展开更多
BACKGROUND： In order to investigate the progress in optic nerve injury and the following regeneration and repair, many kinds of animal models of optic nerve injury have been established, such as models of acute and c...BACKGROUND： In order to investigate the progress in optic nerve injury and the following regeneration and repair, many kinds of animal models of optic nerve injury have been established, such as models of acute and chronic ocular hypertension, compression, amputating wound, ischemia reperfusion or hypoxia, intravitreal injection of excitatory amino acids, etc. However, most of these models are established by squeezing intraorbital optic nerve, and suitable for ophthalmology, and there are fewer models suitable for the acute cranial contusion in neurosurgery. OBJECTIVE： To observe the changes of optic nerve after acute injury, and the characteristics of methods for establishing model of acute optic nerve injury in cats. DESIGN： A complete randomized grouping and controlled animal trial. SETTING： Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ji＇nan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： Twenty-eight healthy adult cats, common degree, either sex, weighing 2.0-3.5 kg, were provided by the animal experimental center of Fudan University. The cats were randomly divided into control group （n =3） and model group （n =25）, and 5 cats in the model group were observed at 6 hours and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury respectively. JX-2000 biological signal processing system （Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai）; Inverted phase contrast microscope （Olympus）; Axioplan 2 imaging microgram analytical system （Labsystems）. METHODS： The experiments were carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from June 2004 to June 2005. The cats in the model groups were made into models of acute optic nerve injury： The cats were anesthetized, then the limbs were fixed in a lateral recumbent position. Pterion approach in human was imitated, the operative incision was made along the line between lateral canthus and tragus, and it could be seen deep along the skull base that white optic nerve （about 3 mm） went through optic foramen and entered into brain tissue. It was squeezed with noninvasive vascular clip for 20 seconds, then the clip was removed, and then the skull was closed after it was examined to be no bleeding. The size of bilateral pupils, direct and indirect light reflexes were observed postoperatively. Successfully established models were judged by larger operated pupil than controlateral one, disappearance of direct light reflex and the existence of indirect light reflex. No model establishment was performed in the control group. Each cat was tested with flash visual evoked potential （F-VEP） to observe the electrophysiological changes before and after experiment. All the cats in the control group and model groups were killed under anesthesia before model establishment and at 6 hours, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after model establishment respectively, and the pathological changes of the optic nerve after injury were observed under electron microscope and light microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： VEP and the ultrastructural changes of optic nerve after acute optic nerve injury in both groups. RESULTS： All the 28 cats were involved in the analysis of results. ① VEP results： The VEP latencies were obviously different between the control group and model group at each time point （P 〈 0.05）, whereas there were no obvious differences among different time points in the model group （P 〉 0.05）. The VEP amplitudes were obviously different between the control group and model group at each time point （P 〈 0.05）, whereas there were no obvious differences among different time points in the model group （P 〉 0.05）. ② Ultrastructural changes of the optic nerve： Under electron microscope, normal optic nerve myelin sheath had complete structure, tramal plates were clear and arranged tightly, axolemma was complete, whereas the structures of endoneurium, myelin sheath, tramal plates, axolemma and axon were in disorders after optic nerve injury. CONCLUSION： Models of acute optic nerve injury established by squeezing intracranial optic nerve with noninvasive vascular clip can be applied in studying intracranial acute optic nerve injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND： An animal model of chronic optic nerve injury is necessary to further understand the pathological mechanisms involved. OBJECTIVE： To establish a stabilized, chronic, optic nerve crush model, which is sim...BACKGROUND： An animal model of chronic optic nerve injury is necessary to further understand the pathological mechanisms involved. OBJECTIVE： To establish a stabilized, chronic, optic nerve crush model, which is similar to the clinical situation to explore histopathological and optic electrophysiological changes involved in this injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized and controlled animal trial was performed at Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery from May to October 2004, MATERIALS： A BAL3XRAY undetachable balloon and Magic-BD catheter were provided by BLAT, France; JX-2000 biological signal processing system by Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, China; inverted phase contrast microscopy by Olympus, Japan. METHODS： A total of twenty normal adult cats were randomly assigned to control （n = 5） and model （n = 15） groups, according to different doses of contrast agent injected through balloons as follows： 0.2 mL injection, 0.25 mL injection, and 0.35 mL injection, with each group containing 5 animals. Imitating the clinical pterion approach, the optic nerves were exposed using micro-surgical methods. An engorged undetachable balloon was implanted beneath the nerve and connected to a catheter. Balloon size was controlled with a contrast agent injection （0.1 mL/10 min） to form an occupying lesion model similar to sellar tumors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The visually evoked potential examination was used to study optical electrophysiology changes in pre-post chronic optical nerve injury. Ultrastructural pathological changes to the optic nerve were analyzed by electron microscopy. RESULTS： During the early period （day 11 after modeling）, visually evoked potential demonstrated no significant changes. In the late period （day 51 after modeling）, recorded VEP demonstrated that P1 wave latency was prolonged and P1 wave amplitude was obviously reduced. Following injury, the endoneurium, myelin sheath, lamella, axolemma, and axon appeared disordered. CONCLUSION： Results demonstrated that the chronic, intracranial, optical nerve crush model was stable and could simulate optic nerve lesions induced by sellar tumors. Under the condition of chronic optical nerve crush, visually evoked potentials were aggravated.展开更多
Purpose: To interpret the incidence of optic-nerve maldevelopment in postoperative pediatric cataract patients, and evaluate the clinical efficacy of administration of murine nerve growth factor(mNGF) in such patients...Purpose: To interpret the incidence of optic-nerve maldevelopment in postoperative pediatric cataract patients, and evaluate the clinical efficacy of administration of murine nerve growth factor(mNGF) in such patients.Methods: Pattern visual evoked potential(P-VEP) was used to measure the visual pathway function in 28 cases(56 eyes)with bilateral congenital cataract and 13 cases(13 eyes) with unilateral congenital cataract who underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation surgeries. The results were compared with 25 age-sex-matched healthy children(50eyes). mNGF was administered in 13 cases(23 eyes) who had visual pathway disorder. The efficacy of mNGF injection was observed. P100 latencies, which were used as a main parameter in P-VEP measurement, were analyzed statistically.Results: When compared with normal children, the P100 latency was significantly prolonged in the congenital cataract group(P<0.05). A significant improvement was noted in the visual pathway of subjects treated with mNGF(P<0.05).Conclusion: Compared with normal children, the congenital cataract patients are more vulnerable to optic-nerve maldevelopment. Murine NGF likely plays a protective and nutritive role in the development of optic nerve in cases of optic-nerve maldevelopment followed by congenital cataract surgery.展开更多
目的探讨重组人促红细胞生成素(recombinat human erythropoietin,rhEPO)对大鼠视神经(optic nerve,ON)不完全损伤后视网膜神经元凋亡的抑制作用和对视功能修复的影响。方法雄性Long Evans大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组25只。制作ON...目的探讨重组人促红细胞生成素(recombinat human erythropoietin,rhEPO)对大鼠视神经(optic nerve,ON)不完全损伤后视网膜神经元凋亡的抑制作用和对视功能修复的影响。方法雄性Long Evans大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组25只。制作ON不完全损伤模型。实验组和对照组按ON夹伤后不同时间分为伤后1d、3d、5d、7d、14d5个时间点。实验组伤后即时、3d、5d、7d,按5000U·kg-1体重腹腔内注射rhEPO;对照组注射等量生理盐水。伤后1d、3d、5d、7d、14d取材。取材前行闪光视觉诱发电位检测。应用TUNEL法检测视网膜神经元的凋亡。结果伤后7d、14d对照组视网膜凋亡细胞密集分布于视网膜节细胞层及内、外核层。实验组7d、14d视网膜凋亡细胞明显减少,视网膜节细胞层的凋亡细胞与对照组相比有非常显著差异(P<0.01)。2组闪光视觉诱发电位潜伏期各时间点组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。伤后1d、3d、5d、7d实验组P1-N2波振幅和对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05);伤后14d时有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论rhEPO对ON不完全损伤后视网膜神经元的凋亡具有抑制作用,可以促进视功能的恢复。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND： Pattern- visual evoked potential （PVEP） can reflect the functional status of retinal ganglial cells （RGC） and visual cortex, and is an objective examination for visual pathway function. It is a unique method for objectively examining the optic nerve function of optic ganglion cells. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of nerve growth factor （NGF） on PVEF in the treatment of optic nerve contusion, evaluate the clinical efficacy of NGF, and make an efficacy comparison with vitamin B12. DESIGN： A randomly grouping, controlled observation. SETTING： Department of Ophthalmology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University. PARTICIPANTS： Forty patients with optic nerve contusion caused by eye trauma, who received the treatment in the Tangshan Worker Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University between January 2006 and June 2007, were recruited in this study. The involved 40 patients, including 34 males and 6 females, were aged 14-59 years. They were confirmed to have optic nerve contusion by ophthalmologic consultation combined with history of disease and orbital CT examination. Informed consents of treatments and detected items were obtained from all the patients. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups with 20 in each： NGF group and vitamin B12 group. METHODS： Conservative treatment was used in the two groups. In addition, patients in the NGF group were intramuscularly injected with NGF solution 18 μg /time, once a day. Those in the vitamin B12 group were injected by the same method with common vitamin B12 of 500 μg combined with vitamin B1 of 100 mg, once a day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： PVEP examination was conducted in all the patients before, one and two weeks after treatment, and latency and amplitude at P100 were detected. RESULTS： Forty patients with optic nerve contusion participated in the final analysis. Before treatment, significant differences in the latency and amplitude at P100 were not found in patients between two groups （P 〉 0.05）. For each patient in the NGF group, the latency of PVEP at P100 was significantly shortened, and the amplitude was significantly increased one and two weeks after treatment as compared with vitamin B12 group（t =2.06-2.34, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： NGF treatment can obviously improve the visual function of patients with optic nerve contusion. The curative effect of NGF is superior to vitamin B12.
文摘BACKGROUND： In order to investigate the progress in optic nerve injury and the following regeneration and repair, many kinds of animal models of optic nerve injury have been established, such as models of acute and chronic ocular hypertension, compression, amputating wound, ischemia reperfusion or hypoxia, intravitreal injection of excitatory amino acids, etc. However, most of these models are established by squeezing intraorbital optic nerve, and suitable for ophthalmology, and there are fewer models suitable for the acute cranial contusion in neurosurgery. OBJECTIVE： To observe the changes of optic nerve after acute injury, and the characteristics of methods for establishing model of acute optic nerve injury in cats. DESIGN： A complete randomized grouping and controlled animal trial. SETTING： Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ji＇nan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： Twenty-eight healthy adult cats, common degree, either sex, weighing 2.0-3.5 kg, were provided by the animal experimental center of Fudan University. The cats were randomly divided into control group （n =3） and model group （n =25）, and 5 cats in the model group were observed at 6 hours and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury respectively. JX-2000 biological signal processing system （Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai）; Inverted phase contrast microscope （Olympus）; Axioplan 2 imaging microgram analytical system （Labsystems）. METHODS： The experiments were carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from June 2004 to June 2005. The cats in the model groups were made into models of acute optic nerve injury： The cats were anesthetized, then the limbs were fixed in a lateral recumbent position. Pterion approach in human was imitated, the operative incision was made along the line between lateral canthus and tragus, and it could be seen deep along the skull base that white optic nerve （about 3 mm） went through optic foramen and entered into brain tissue. It was squeezed with noninvasive vascular clip for 20 seconds, then the clip was removed, and then the skull was closed after it was examined to be no bleeding. The size of bilateral pupils, direct and indirect light reflexes were observed postoperatively. Successfully established models were judged by larger operated pupil than controlateral one, disappearance of direct light reflex and the existence of indirect light reflex. No model establishment was performed in the control group. Each cat was tested with flash visual evoked potential （F-VEP） to observe the electrophysiological changes before and after experiment. All the cats in the control group and model groups were killed under anesthesia before model establishment and at 6 hours, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after model establishment respectively, and the pathological changes of the optic nerve after injury were observed under electron microscope and light microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： VEP and the ultrastructural changes of optic nerve after acute optic nerve injury in both groups. RESULTS： All the 28 cats were involved in the analysis of results. ① VEP results： The VEP latencies were obviously different between the control group and model group at each time point （P 〈 0.05）, whereas there were no obvious differences among different time points in the model group （P 〉 0.05）. The VEP amplitudes were obviously different between the control group and model group at each time point （P 〈 0.05）, whereas there were no obvious differences among different time points in the model group （P 〉 0.05）. ② Ultrastructural changes of the optic nerve： Under electron microscope, normal optic nerve myelin sheath had complete structure, tramal plates were clear and arranged tightly, axolemma was complete, whereas the structures of endoneurium, myelin sheath, tramal plates, axolemma and axon were in disorders after optic nerve injury. CONCLUSION： Models of acute optic nerve injury established by squeezing intracranial optic nerve with noninvasive vascular clip can be applied in studying intracranial acute optic nerve injury.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30271333
文摘BACKGROUND： An animal model of chronic optic nerve injury is necessary to further understand the pathological mechanisms involved. OBJECTIVE： To establish a stabilized, chronic, optic nerve crush model, which is similar to the clinical situation to explore histopathological and optic electrophysiological changes involved in this injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized and controlled animal trial was performed at Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery from May to October 2004, MATERIALS： A BAL3XRAY undetachable balloon and Magic-BD catheter were provided by BLAT, France; JX-2000 biological signal processing system by Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, China; inverted phase contrast microscopy by Olympus, Japan. METHODS： A total of twenty normal adult cats were randomly assigned to control （n = 5） and model （n = 15） groups, according to different doses of contrast agent injected through balloons as follows： 0.2 mL injection, 0.25 mL injection, and 0.35 mL injection, with each group containing 5 animals. Imitating the clinical pterion approach, the optic nerves were exposed using micro-surgical methods. An engorged undetachable balloon was implanted beneath the nerve and connected to a catheter. Balloon size was controlled with a contrast agent injection （0.1 mL/10 min） to form an occupying lesion model similar to sellar tumors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The visually evoked potential examination was used to study optical electrophysiology changes in pre-post chronic optical nerve injury. Ultrastructural pathological changes to the optic nerve were analyzed by electron microscopy. RESULTS： During the early period （day 11 after modeling）, visually evoked potential demonstrated no significant changes. In the late period （day 51 after modeling）, recorded VEP demonstrated that P1 wave latency was prolonged and P1 wave amplitude was obviously reduced. Following injury, the endoneurium, myelin sheath, lamella, axolemma, and axon appeared disordered. CONCLUSION： Results demonstrated that the chronic, intracranial, optical nerve crush model was stable and could simulate optic nerve lesions induced by sellar tumors. Under the condition of chronic optical nerve crush, visually evoked potentials were aggravated.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grand Number:30973276)
文摘Purpose: To interpret the incidence of optic-nerve maldevelopment in postoperative pediatric cataract patients, and evaluate the clinical efficacy of administration of murine nerve growth factor(mNGF) in such patients.Methods: Pattern visual evoked potential(P-VEP) was used to measure the visual pathway function in 28 cases(56 eyes)with bilateral congenital cataract and 13 cases(13 eyes) with unilateral congenital cataract who underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation surgeries. The results were compared with 25 age-sex-matched healthy children(50eyes). mNGF was administered in 13 cases(23 eyes) who had visual pathway disorder. The efficacy of mNGF injection was observed. P100 latencies, which were used as a main parameter in P-VEP measurement, were analyzed statistically.Results: When compared with normal children, the P100 latency was significantly prolonged in the congenital cataract group(P<0.05). A significant improvement was noted in the visual pathway of subjects treated with mNGF(P<0.05).Conclusion: Compared with normal children, the congenital cataract patients are more vulnerable to optic-nerve maldevelopment. Murine NGF likely plays a protective and nutritive role in the development of optic nerve in cases of optic-nerve maldevelopment followed by congenital cataract surgery.
文摘目的探讨重组人促红细胞生成素(recombinat human erythropoietin,rhEPO)对大鼠视神经(optic nerve,ON)不完全损伤后视网膜神经元凋亡的抑制作用和对视功能修复的影响。方法雄性Long Evans大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组25只。制作ON不完全损伤模型。实验组和对照组按ON夹伤后不同时间分为伤后1d、3d、5d、7d、14d5个时间点。实验组伤后即时、3d、5d、7d,按5000U·kg-1体重腹腔内注射rhEPO;对照组注射等量生理盐水。伤后1d、3d、5d、7d、14d取材。取材前行闪光视觉诱发电位检测。应用TUNEL法检测视网膜神经元的凋亡。结果伤后7d、14d对照组视网膜凋亡细胞密集分布于视网膜节细胞层及内、外核层。实验组7d、14d视网膜凋亡细胞明显减少,视网膜节细胞层的凋亡细胞与对照组相比有非常显著差异(P<0.01)。2组闪光视觉诱发电位潜伏期各时间点组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。伤后1d、3d、5d、7d实验组P1-N2波振幅和对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05);伤后14d时有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论rhEPO对ON不完全损伤后视网膜神经元的凋亡具有抑制作用,可以促进视功能的恢复。
