A passive optical network based on optical code division multiplexing and time division multiple access technology

A passive optical network （PON） scheme based on optical code division multiplexing （OCDM） for the downstream traffics is proposed and analyzed in detail. In the PON, the downstream traffics are broadcasted by OCDM technology to guarantee the security, while the upstream traffics pass through the same optical fiber by the common time division multiple access （TDMA） technology to decrease the cost. This schemes are denoted as OCDM/TDMA-PON, which can be applied to an optical access network （OAN） with full services on demand, such as Internet protocol, video on demand, tele-presence and high quality audio. The proposed OCDM/TDMA-PON scheme combines advantages of PON, TDMA, and OCDM technology. Simulation results indicate that the designed scheme improves the OAN performance, and enhances flexibility and scalability of the system.

Performance Analysis of Multiple User Optical Code Division Multiple Access

In this paper, we discuss and analyze an optical code division multiple access for multiple user system. Media access control implementation has been considered. For fulfilling the huge need of bandwidth services, technology tends to move to optical networks and three major optical systems come into existence. Code division of the optical network is most used and real concept interacted with users up to this time. Optical code division multiple access provides complete spectrum to each and every user for the time of accessing the channel. In the paper, we have proposed network architecture with optical encoder and decoder along with optical code translator which is supporting multiple user systems. We integrate the code translator with encoding and decoding of optical code to use the optical network at full extent and present the simulation validation results of 6 Gb/s 3-hop transmission by use of proposed architecture. Further, we have implemented experimentation with 6 users 3 Gb/s optical code division multiple access network. Through simulation structure, it is shown that the combination of encoding with EDFA in multiple user environment system provides improvement in bit error rate and also improves the multiple access interference. With increase of users in the network, MAI value increases and our proposed scheme controls interference in the network.

A New Family of Optical Codes Based on Complementary Theory for OCDMA System

A new family of optical codes for Optical Code-division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems, named as Optical Complementary Codes (OCCs), is proposed in this paper. The constructions of these codes consist of multiple sub-codes, and the codes have an auto-correlation interference constraint as 0 and a cross-correlation interference constraint as 1. Compared with conventional optical codes such as OPCs, OOCs and 2-D OOCs, the OCC has a shorter code length and higher code efficiency with better correlation property.

The Application of Optical CDMA-Based Fiber Radio Networks in Wireless Sensor Networks

One fiber radio scheme using shifted prime codes for interference elimination is proposed for optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) network. By taking advantage of the cyclic property of the shifted prime codes in the same code groups, the proposed compact decoder is low cost and suitable to be used in the task manager node in the applications of wireless sensor networks. The performance comparison for sev-eral OCDMA-based fiber radio networks is also given to clarify the advantage of the proposed one.

Elastic Resource Allocation for Multi-Granularity Multicasting Traffic in OFDM-Based Optical Networks

With the increasing requirements of the multicast services in the whole data traffic service, the optical multicast technology becomes a key technology supporting wide bandwidth and high speed multicasting communication. The transmission efficiency, capacity and robustness of optical multicast network can be further improved by introducing network coding technology into optical multicast networks. Meanwhile, facing to demand of emerging rate-variable multi-granularity multicast service, a multi-path transmission scheme based on network coding for routing and spectrum allocation (RSA) is proposed. It can not only allocate spectrum resources effectively and flexibly for various-rate multicast traffic, but also balance the network load, improve network throughput and reduce transmission blocking rate. In this paper, RSA problem is decomposed into two subproblems, namely routing allocation based on network coding and spectrum allocation based on maximum spectrum first (MSF) strategy, which are solved sequentially. Simulation experiments are carried out to analyze transmission performance with proposed RSA scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed RSA mechanism can allocate spectrum resources efficiently and flexibly for multi-granularity multicast traffic. Compared with RSA schemes based on shortest path tree (SPT) and minimal spanning tree (MST), the proposed RSA scheme is more efficient for spectrum resource utilization and load balancing, and spectrum resource is saved more than 20%.

Numerical Simulations of Intraband Crosstalk in Optical Cross Connect

All optical network based on wavelength division multiplexing transmission system with optical cross connect (OXC) is an essential approach for optical commumications.Crosstalk introduced by OXC (specially large scale one) is a key limiting factor for its capacity. Optical signal passing through a typical OXC is analyzed in this paper, followed by description of the generation and effect of intraband crosstalk.The power penalties induced by intraband crosstalk versus the number of multiplexed wavelengths M and the number of input fibers N have been given by numerical simulations. The results show that the coherent crosstalk is the most critical limitation on OXC and depends more closely on the number of multiplexed wavelengths M than the number of input fibers N . Crosstalk is suppressed by doubly filtering, fixing optimum decision-threshold and appropriately choosing the number of multiplexed wavelengths M .

A Novel Optical Code Division Multiple Access Ring Network System for LAN

In this paper the impact factors on the optical fiber LAN network with ring topology are considered. The couple ratio, the self-ring effect, the Multiple-Access Interference (MAI), and the channel noises are the main factors degrading the system performance. We develop a systematic method that employs the smallest p multiplication method to analyze the optimization of the ring network. The results show that choosing an optimal couple ratio and power control will enhance the system performance dramatically. In addition, the “self-ring” interference and MAI can be suppressed by power control to some extent.

A New Performance Analysis Method of Optical Code Division Multiple Access Systems with An Optical Hard-Limiter

A new performance analysis method of Optical Code Division Multiple Access ( OCDMA ) systems with an optical hard limiter is studied. The bit error probability of the OCDMA system is derived, and the numerical results of the system with and without an ideal optical hard limiter are analyzed respectively. The results show that although the derived expression is different from the one derived by J A Salehi , the numerical results are the same as those analyzed by J A Salehi, and the numerical result can be easily achieved in this expression.

SAC-OCDMA系统三分支信号检测方案

为了解决三分支信号检测(TBSD)方案的上界表达式不精确的问题,提出了一种频谱-振幅编码光码分多址(SAC-OCDMA)系统TBSD方案,建立了一个严谨的数学模型,并对该方案进行了数值评估和仿真。仿真结果表明,该方案在传输速率为500 Mb/s、1 Gb/s时能够完全消除多用户干扰(MUI),而在传输速率为5 Gb/s时则可以消除大部分MUI,证明了数学模型的精确性。

TB-SC PLDPC编码的DCO-OFDM系统中新型比特交织方案设计

基于TB-SC PLDPC编码的DCO-OFDM系统,首先根据子载波的不等保护特性,提出了一种新型的载波匹配映射方案,以改善系统的性能;其次,基于改进的PEXIT算法,分析了TB-SC PLDPC码在3种不同交织方案下的译码门限值;通过理论分析可知,在16-QAM和64-QAM调制下,提出的新型载波匹配映射方案能使TB-SC PLDPC码分别在15.52 dB和19.24 dB处收敛;而采用变量点匹配映射和连续映射方案则需要更大的信噪比.仿真结果表明,提出的新型载波匹配映射方案的性能更优于变量点匹配映射和连续映射方案.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF OCDMA SYSTEM BASED ON FBGs ENCODER/DECODER

The encoding/decoding scheme based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) for Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) system is analyzed and the whole process from transmitting end to receiving end is researched in detail. The mathematical mode including signal transmission, summing, receiving and recovering are established respectively. One of the main sources of Bit Error Rate (BER) of OCDMA system based on FBGs is the unevenness of signal power spectrum, which leads to the chip powers unequal with each other. The Signal to Interfere Ratio (SIR) and BER performance of the system are studied and simulated at the case with uneven distribution of chips' powers.

Performance Analysis of 32-User Spectral Phase Encoding Time Domain System for Fiber-Optic CDMA Networks

Multiple access techniques are required to meet the demand for high-speed and large-capacity commtmications in optical networks, which allow multiple users to share the fiber bandwidth. O-CDMA （optical code-division multiple-access） is receiving increased attention due to its potential apphcations for LAN optical networks. O-CDMA is attractive for next generation broadband access networks due to its features of allowing fully asynchronous transmission with low latency access, soft capacity on demand, protocol transparency, simplified network management as well as increased flexibility of QoS （Quality of Service） control and enhanced confidentiahty in the network. Hence, the authors experimentally investigate an ultra short pulse O-CDMA scheme based on spectral phase encoding and decoding of coherent mode-locked laser pulses, they proposed a technique using spectral phase encoding time domain system for 32 users. This technique is proved to be much effective to handle 32 users at 4 Gb/s bit rate and 60 km SMF （single mode fiber） transmission used for SPE O-CDMA system. Results indicate significant improvement in term low BER （beat error rate） and very high quality factor in the form of QoS. The authors have used PSO （pseudo orthogonal） codes and random phase code. The simulations are carried out using OptSim （RSOFT）.

极化码在水下光通信系统中的应用研究

为了验证不同水质条件对水下光通信的影响,采用蒙特卡罗模拟算法模拟了水下光信道的离散冲激响应。在此基础上结合具有抗衰落优点的正交频分复用技术搭建了水下光通信系统,针对收发端已知信道状态信息前提下,采用16正交幅度调制方式,结合蒙特卡罗构造算法完成极化码的构造,译码端使用基于循环冗余校验辅助的串行抵消译码算法,设计并实现了基于正交频分复用技术的水下光通信系统中的极化码编译码方案。通过实验验证了不同水质条件下码长等参数对极化码性能的影响,证明了在高信噪比时,极化码相比同等码长的低密度奇偶校验码在不同水质下具有0.2 dB~0.6 dB左右的性能增益;随着水质环境越差,其渐进性能优势表现得越明显,且不会出现误码平层的问题。极化码的编码结构更加清晰简单,译码复杂度与低密度奇偶校验码相差不大,且在译码中不需要多次迭代。因此相比于其他编码方案,极化码具有较低的编译码复杂度,在水下光通信场景中具有很强的竞争力和应用潜力。

4‐SCHGDD的存在条件及组合构造

利用CHDM与SCHGDD等价,研究型为(n,m t)的4-SCHGDD的存在条件及应用。研究得到n=4时,型为(4,m t)的4-SCHGDD的存在条件;利用递归构造结合4-SCGDD的存在条件得出n≠4时,型为(n,m t)的4-SCHGDD的存在条件;最后应用结果得出AM-OPPSP/WP 3-D(u×v×w,4,1)-OOC存在的充分条件。

基于RSS算法的CDMA调制解调可见光定位系统

针对室内可见光定位(VLP)实际应用的大面积面板灯排列场景中存在的定位精确度低、信号干扰严重等问题,提出了一种基于接收信号强度(RSS)算法的码分多址(CDMA)调制解调VLP系统,介绍了RSS算法和CDMA调制解调VLP系统原理,通过实验验证了系统定位精度。实验结果表明:在未考虑实时移动和延迟刷新等因素的情况下,固定点位的定位最大误差为0.3 m,算法解决了传统定位算法中边缘角落区域定位精度低的问题,提高了VLP系统的鲁棒性。

Hybrid WDMA/OCDM system with the capability of encoding multiple wavelength channels by employing one encoder and one corresponding optical code

A hybrid wavelength division multiple access （WDMA）/optical code division multiplexing （OCDM） system is proposed, where the optical code is not the same as the address of every optical network unit （ONU）; rather, the code is a virtual fiber of hybrid passive optical network （PON）. To our knowledge, this is the first report analyzing a single encoder/decoder with a single corresponding optical code being exploited to encode/decode multiple wavelength signals simultaneously. This system enables OCDM to become transparent to ONU so that the existing wavelength division multiplexing （WDM） PON can be upgraded. Thus, redesigning the optical line terminal and ONU can be easily accomplished, and greatly decreasing the number of encoder/decoder becomes possible. In experiment, we only employ two encoder/decoder pairs to combine two WDM-PONs in one fiber. Simulation results confirm the feasibility of the proposed system.

Construction of optimal 2D variable-weight optical orthogonal codes for high-speed OCDMA networks

A new construction method of two-dimensional （2D） variable-weight optical orthogonal codes （VWOOCs） is proposed for high-speed optical code-division multiple-access （OCDMA） networks supporting multiple qualities of services （QoS）. The proposed codes have at most one-pulse per wavelength （AM-OPPW） property. An upper bound of the codeword cardinality of the 2D VWOOCs with AM-OPPW property is derived. It is then shown that the constructed codes have ideal correlation properties and optimal cardinality. Moreover, the code length and the bit-error-rate （BER） performance of the proposed codes are compared with those of the codes proposed previously.

The combinatorial construction for a class of optimal optical orthogonal codes

Optical orthogonal code (OOC) has good correlation properties. It has many important appli-cations in a fiber-optic code-division multiple access channel. In this paper, a combinatorial construction foroptimal (15p, 5, 1) optical orthogonal codes with p congruent to 1 modulo 4 and greater than 5 is given byapplying Weil's Theorem. From this, when v is a product of primes congruent to 1 modulo 4 and greater than5, an optimal (15v, 5, 1)-OOC can be obtained by applying a known recursive construction.

Performance Analysis of 112Gb/s×4-Channel WDM PDM-DQPSK Optical Label Switching System With Spectral Amplitude Code Labels

We present the performance analysis of ll2Gb/s-4 wavelength division multiplexing （WDM） 100GHz channel spacing polarization division multiplexed-differential quadrature phase shift keying （PDM-DQPSK） optical label switching system with frequency swept coherent detected spectral amplitude code labels. Direct detection is chosen to demodulate the payload by applying a polarization tracker, while 4-bits of 156Mb/s spectral amplitude code label is coherently detected with a scheme of frequently-swept coherent detection. We optimize the payload laser linewidth as well as the frequency spacing between the payload and label. The label and payload signal performances are assessed by the eye-diagram opening factor （EOF） and bit-error rate （BER） at 10 9 as a function of the received optical power （ROP） and the optical signal to noise ratio （OSNR）. The payload could well be demodulated after 900 km at a bit error rate of 10-3 using forward error correction （FEC）.