Erratum and Note: Measurement of Zeeman Shift of Cesium Atoms Using an Optical Nanofiber [Chin. Phys. Lett. 35(2018) 083201]

Our recent article (Chin. Phys. Lett. 35 (2018)083201) measured the Zeeman shift of cesium atoms using an optical nanofiber. Before our work, Watkins et al.(Ref.[17] in our article) had demonstrated the Zeeman shift also using an optical nanofiber in rubidium atoms. Watkins et al. reported on the observation

Electromagnetically induced transparency at optical nanofiber–cesium vapor interface

Optical nanofiber(ONF) is a special tool for effectively controlling coupling of light and atoms. In this paper, we study the ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparent(EIT) under ultralow power level in a warm cesium vapor by observing the transmission of ONF that couples the 6 S → 6 P Cs atoms in the presence of a 6 P → 8 S control beam through the same fiber. The linewidth and transmission of the EIT signal are investigated at different intensities of the control laser. In addition, we theoretically study the nonlinear interaction at the ONF interface using the multi-level density matrix equations, and obtain good agreements between theory and experiments. The results may have great significance for further study of optical nonlinear effect at low power level.

Measurement of Zeeman Shift of Cesium Atoms Using an Optical Nanofiber

Nanofibers have many promising applications because of their advantages of high power density and ultralow saturated light intensity. We present here a Zeeman shift of the Doppler-broadened cesium D2 transition using a tapered optical nanofiber in the presence of a magnetic field. When a weak magnetic field is parallel to the propagating light in the nanofiber, the Zeeman shift rates for different circularly polarized spectra are observed.For the ＋component, the typical linear Zeeman shift rates of = 3 and = 4 ground-state cesium atoms are measured to be 3.10（±0.19） MHz/G and 3.91（±0.16） MHz/G. For the -component, the values are measured to be-2.81（±0.25） MHz/G, and-0.78（±0.28） MHz/G. The Zeeman shift using the tapered nanofiber can help to develop magnetometers to measure the magnetic field at the narrow local region and the dispersive signal to lock laser frequency.

Optical micro/nanofiber enabled tactile sensors and soft actuators:A review

As a combination of fiber optics and nanotechnology,optical micro/nanofiber(MNF)is considered as an important multifunctional building block for fabricating various miniaturized photonic devices.With the rapid progress in flexible optoelectronics,MNF has been emerging as a promising candidate for assembling tactile sensors and soft actuators owing to its unique optical and mechanical properties.This review discusses the advances in MNF enabled tactile sensors and soft actuators,specifically,focusing on the latest research results over the past 5 years and the applications in health monitoring,human-machine interfaces,and robotics.Future prospects and challenges in developing flexible MNF devices are also presented.

Observation of V-type electromagnetically induced transparency and optical switch in cold Cs atoms by using nanofiber optical lattice

Optical nanofiber(ONF)is a special tool to achieve the interaction between light and matter with ultralow power.In this paper,we demonstrate V-type electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)in cold atoms trapped by an ONFbased two-color optical lattice.At an optical depth of 7.35,90%transmission can be achieved by only 7.7 pW coupling power.The EIT peak and linewidth are investigated as a function of the coupling optical power.By modulating the pWlevel control beam of the ONF-EIT system in sequence,we further achieve efficient and high contrast control of the probe transmission,as well as its potential application in the field of quantum communication and quantum information science by using one-dimensional atomic chains.

Highly sensitive and fast response strain sensor based on evanescently coupled micro/nanofibers

Flexible strain sensors play an important role in electronic skins,wearable medical devices,and advanced robots.Herein,a highly sensitive and fast response optical strain sensor with two evanescently coupled optical micro/nanofibers(MNFs)embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)film is proposed.The strain sensor exhibits a gauge factor as high as 64.5 for strain≤0.5%and a strain resolution of 0.0012%which corresponds to elongation of 120 nm on a 1 cm long device.As a proof-of-concept,highly sensitive fingertip pulse measurement is realized.The properties of fast temporal frequency response up to 30 kHz and a pressure sensitivity of 102 kPa^(−1) enable the sensor for sound detection.Such versatile sensor could be of great use in physiological signal monitoring,voice recognition and micro-displacement detection.

Preparation and Characterization of Singlehanded Helical Carbonaceous Nanofibers using 1,4-Phenylene Bridged Polybissilsesquioxanes

Single-handed helical carbonaceous materials attracted much attention for varieties of potential applications. Herein, single-handed helical 1, 4-phenylene bridged polybissilsesquioxane nanofibers were prepared through a supramolecular templating approach using a pair of enantiomers. After carbonization at 700 ℃ for 2.0 h and removal of silica using HF aqueous solution, single-handed helical carbonaceous nanofibers were obtained. The obtained samples were characterized using the field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N_2 sorptions, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance circular dichroism（DRCD）. The Raman spectrum indicated that the carbon was amorphous. The DRCD spectra indicated that the carbonaceous nanofibers exhibited optical activity. The surface area of the left-handed helical carbonaceous nanofibers was 907 m^2/g. Such material has potential applications as chirality sensor and supercapacitor electrode.

Micro/Nanofiber Optical Sensors

As a low-dimensional optical fiber with diameter close to or below the wavelength of light,optical micro/nanofiber(MNF)offers a number of favorable properties for optical sensing,which have been exploited in a variety of sensing applications,including physical,chemical,and biological sensors.In this paper we review the principles and applications of silica,glass,and polymer optical micro/nanofibers for physical and chemical sensing.

Progress on the Structures and Functions of Aerogels

Aerogel materials possess a wide variety of excellent functions,hence a striking number of applications have developed for them.In this paper,we present a historic review of the aerogel materials,showing the main concepts,research methods,important scientific problems,formation mechanism,structure characteristics and essence of aerogel.More applications are evolving as the scientific and engineering community,which becomes familiar with the unusual and exceptional physical properties of aerogels.In addition,we also discuss the huge development potential and prospect of polysaccharide aerogels as the research trend in the future.

Optically sizing single atmospheric particulates with a 10-nm resolution using a strong evanescent field

Although an accurate evaluation of the distribution of ultrafine particulate matter in air is of utmost significance to public health,the usually used PM2.5 index fails to provide size distribution information.Here we demonstrate a low-profile and cavity-free size spectrometer for probing fine and ultrafine particulate matter by using the enhanced particle-perturbed scattering in strong optical evanescent fields of a nanofiber array.The unprecedented size resolution reaches 10 nm for detecting single 100-nm-diameter nanoparticles by employing uniform nanofibers and controlling the polarizations of the probe light.This size spectrometry was tested and used to retrieve the size distribution of particulate matter in the air of Beijing,yielding mass concentrations of nanoparticles,as a secondary exercise,consistent with the officially released data.This nanofiber-array probe shows potential for the full monitoring of air pollution and for studying early-stage haze evolution and can be further extended to explore nanoparticle interactions.