Simulation of the Physical Performance of Optical Packet Switching Nodes

A graphical and visual simulation system for the study of optical packet switching (OPS) nodes is accomplished. With the simulation system, the effect on physical performance-bit error rate (BER) due to a variety of factors such as the crosstalk parameters of OPS nodes, number of cascaded OPS nodes, length of optical output buffer, traffic load and fluctuation of amplitude of optical signals are evaluated. Reliability of the simulation system is proved by the analytical results obtained in all the above cases.

UNITED STABILIZING SCHEME FOR EDGE DELAY IN OPTICAL BURST SWITCHED NETWORKS

A novel scheme, namely united stabilizing scheme for edge delay, is introduced in optical burst switched networks. In the scheme, the limits of burst length and assembly time are both set according to certain qualifications. For executing the scheme, the conception for unit input bit rate is introduced to improve universality, and the assembly algorithm with a buffer safety space under the self-similar traffic model at each ingress edge router is proposed. Then, the components of burst and packet delay are concluded, and the equations that limits of burst length and assembly time should satisfy to stabilize the burst edge delay under different buffer offered loads are educed. The simulation results show that united stabilizing scheme stabilizes both burst and packet edge delay to a great extent when buffer offered load changes from 0.1 to 1, and the edge delay of burst and packet are near the limit values under larger offered load, respectively.

Experimental Study of the Recovery Times of Spark Gap Switch with Different Gases

A two-pulse method is used to determine the insulation recovery time of the gas spark gap switch with different types of gas applied in a high power accelerator with a water dielectric pulse forming line. At the breakdown voltage of 450 kV, with the vacuum diode voltage of about 200 kV, and a current of 30 kA, recovery characteristics of H2, N2, SF6 were studied. The recovery percentages of the gas breakdown voltage and vacuum diode voltage were determined. The results show that hydrogen has the best recovery characteristics. At a pulse interval of 8.8 ms, the recovery percentages of both the gas breakdown voltage and vacuum diode voltage for hydrogen exceed 95%. For SF6 and N2 with an interval of 25 ms and 50 ms respectively, a 90% voltage recovery was obtained. The experiments also proved that the repetitive rate of the high power accelerator with a pulse forming line is mainly restricted by the gas switch repetitive rate; the recovery percentages of the vacuum diode voltage are limited by the recovery percentages of the gas switch breakdown voltage. The hydrogen switch can be employed for a high repetitive rate-high power accelerator with a pulse forming line.

Performance analysis of an integrated scheme in optical burst switching high-speed networks

A new integrated scheme based on resource-reservation and adaptive network flow routing to alleviate contention in optical burst switching networks is proposed. The objective of the proposed scheme is to reduce the overall burst loss in the network and at the same time to avoid the packet out-of-sequence arrival problem. Simulations are carried out to assess the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Its performance is compared with that of contention resolution schemes based on conventional routing. Through extensive simulations, it is shown that the proposed scheme not only provides significantly better burst loss performance than the basic equal proportion and hop-length based traffic routing algorithms, but also is void of any packet re-orderings.

Analysis of Conducted Disturbance via Current Transformer Due to Switch Operation of GIS Disconnector in UHV Substation

The characteristics of conducted disturbances via current transformer(CT)caused by switch operations in 1000 kV UHV substations are studied in this paper.Since the broadband circuit models might have limitations on the stability and accuracy for CT conducted disturbance simulation,a frequencydomain simulation method without circuit synthesis is proposed based on VFTC spectrum and CT transfer characteristics.To improve VFTC simulation accuracy,both the bushing radiation loss and frequency-dependent earth impedance are taken into consideration.Transfer characteristics of three types of windings for the 1000 kV GIS CT are ingeniously measured from a combination of fast and slow impulse tests.Through conducted disturbances simulations in UHV Wuhu substation,bushing radiation loss is found to have a suppression effect on the highfrequency response but the effect of frequency-dependent earth impedance can be ignored.As a result,the maximum amplitude of 84.5 A for the conducted disturbance is obtained,thus a fast damped oscillatory wave immunity test with no lower than Level 4 from IEC standard is suggested to test the anti-interference performance of the secondary equipment in UHV substation.

基于光注入电流调制弱谐振腔法布里珀罗激光器获取光学频率梳

提出了一种基于电流调制弱谐振腔法布里珀罗激光器在外部光注入下产生光学频率梳的方案,实验研究了关键参量对所产生的光学频率梳性能的影响。在该方案中,首先采用频率为1.6 GHz(激光器弛豫振荡频率)、功率为19 dBm的正弦信号直接电流调制弱谐振腔法布里珀罗激光器,使其进入增益开关状态;进一步引入单光注入以及双光注入以获取高性能光学频率梳。实验研究结果表明:采用单光注入时,在合适的注入光功率条件下,连续变化注入光波长可使产生的光学频率梳的中心波长在1525~1560 nm内实现连续调谐。光学频率梳的梳线数目呈现周期性变化,变化周期为激光器的纵模间距0.28 nm(35 GHz);在给定注入光波长条件下,逐渐增加注入光功率,光学频率梳的梳线数目先在一个较高水平附近振荡,然后急剧下降,最后趋于平缓,而光学频率梳的载噪比呈现先增加后饱和的趋势;在优化单光注入参数条件下,获得了梳线功率在10 dB变化范围内包含49根梳线的光学频率梳。引入额外的注入光构建双光注入,在优化的参数条件下,获得了梳线功率在10 dB变化范围内包含92根梳线的光学频率梳。最后,对单光注入和双光注入以及不同注入波长间距的双光注入所产生的光学频率梳各梳齿之间的相干性进行了分析,发现各种光注入方式下所产生的光学频率梳各梳齿之间均具有强的相干性,其拍频信号中基频的单边带相位噪声均处于−125.0 dBc/Hz@10 kHz左右的水平。

基于密度聚类算法和广度优先搜索算法的道岔摩擦电流智能分析系统

[目的]现场的道岔摩擦电流测试与调整存在流程繁琐且风险高、对检修人员专业水平要求高、测定数值的主观性占比大3个弊端,为此需要基于各类智能算法及技术提升道岔的智能运维水平。[方法]分析了道岔摩擦电流测试曲线4个阶段的特征,提出建立道岔摩擦电流的智能分析系统。阐述了该系统的功能及工作原理,设定了该系统的摩擦电流标准值及阈值范围。该系统可基于密度聚类算法和广度优先搜索算法自动获取道岔摩擦电流值。介绍了该系统的调试界面截图,以说明系统在获取道岔摩擦电流值如何为现场检修人员提供操作建议。[结果及结论]该智能系统具有良好的可用性,实现了节约检修时间、降低维护成本和提高检修效率的既定目的。

Compact and high-energy diode-side-pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG slab laser system for space application

We develop a compact and high-energy Nd：YAG slab laser system consisting of an oscillator and an amplifier for space applications. The oscillator is a diode-side-pumped electro-optically Q-switched slab laser with a cross-Porro resonator. The KD＊P Pockels cell with a low driving voltage of 950 V is used to polarization output coupling. The amplifier is a Nd：YAG zigzag slab pumped at bounces. The maximum output pulse energy of 341 m3 with 13 ns pulse duration is obtained from the system at the repetition rate of 20 Hz and the beam quality factors are M2=3.1 and M2=3.5. The beam pointing stabilities of the laser system are 3.05μrad in the X-direction and 3.99 grad in the Y-direction, respectively.

四能级模型声光调Q CO_(2)激光器理论数值模拟

声光调Q CO_(2)激光器因其具有特定波长传输效率理想、光束聚焦性能好、连续功率高、输出脉冲大等特点,被广泛应用在激光测距、生产加工、空间通信、光谱学、环境探测、雷达成像领域中。文章考虑声光损耗情况下基于四能级模型给出了声光调Q CO_(2)激光器速率方程,在一定条件下通过离散迭代的方式对该速率方程组进行数值模拟,分析了声光调Q CO_(2)激光器的运行特性,以在生产研究中更好地使用、设计CO_(2)激光器。

An LD-pumped dual-wavelength actively Q-switched Nd:Sc_(0.2)Y_(0.8)SiO_5 laser

We demonstrate a laser-diode （LD） pumped actively Q-switched laser with Nd：Sc0.2Y0.5SiO5 （Nd：SYSO） crystal for the first time. A stable actively Q-switched laser is obtained at dual wavelengths of 1 075.2 nm and 1 078.2 nm. The maximum average output power of 720 mW is obtained at the repetition rate of 15 kHz under the pump power of 8.7 W. The minimum pulse width of 58 ns is obtained at the repetition rate of 5 kHz under the pump power of 8.7 W, corresponding to the peak power of 1.9 kW and the pulse energy of 112 μJ.

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer electro-optic switch with ultralow voltage-length product using poled-polymer/silicon slot waveguide

By using poled-polymer/silicon slot waveguides in the active region and the Pockels effect of the poled-polymer,we propose a kind of Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI) electro-optic(EO) switch operated at 1 550 nm.Structural parameters are optimized for realizing normal switching function.Dependencies of switching characteristics on the slot waveguide parameters are investigated.For the silicon strip with dimension of 170 nm×300 nm,as the slot width varies from 50 nm to 100 nm,the switching voltage can be as low as 1.0 V with active region length of only 0.17–0.35 mm,and the length of the whole device is only about 770–950 μm.The voltage-length product of this switching structure is only 0.17–0.35 V·mm,and it is at least 19–40 times smaller than that of the traditional polymer MZI EO switch,which is 6.69 V·mm.Compared with our previously reported MZI EO switches,this switch exhibits some superior characteristics,including low switching voltage,compact device size and small wavelength dependency.

晶闸管触发开通特性

从载流子的传输过程和载流子数密度两个方面分析了晶闸管触发开通过程,研究了强触发方式对晶闸管开通特性的影响。利用功率MOSFET的快开通特性和通流能力,设计了晶闸管强触发电路,并通过晶闸管开通特性实验平台研究了触发条件和工作电压两个因素与晶闸管开通时间的关系。实验结果表明:晶闸管开通时间决定于触发方式和工作电压,强触发方式可以缩短延迟时间,高工作电压可以减小导通时间,利用强触发方式和提高工作电压能够有效地改善晶闸管的开通性能。

特高压直流输电系统中直流转换开关的电流转换分析与仿真

以±800 kV 7 200 MW锦屏–苏南特高压直流输电工程为背景,对直流转换开关系统中不同转换开关的工况进行分析和仿真计算。阐释了金属回线转换开关和大地回线转换开关在特高压直流输电系统运行方式转换中发挥的作用;分析了中性母线开关和中性母线接地开关在特高压直流输电系统应对故障时发挥的作用。以金属回线转换开关为例,着重分析了直流转换开关电流转换的过程,以及恢复电压水平对转换过程的影响。采用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真计算软件,对各直流转换开关承受的电气参数进行了仿真计算研究,给出了分断电流、恢复电压水平、能量吸收值等相关参数作为特高压直流转换开关系统的设计依据。

一种配电网环型供电模型及其合环运行方式的研究

随着中压配电网的建设发展,合理的配电网规划对于提高配电网的供电可靠性和供电质量具有重要作用。以此为目的,从提高配电网运行方式灵活性和负荷转供能力及配电网建设可扩展性等角度出发,提出基于开闭所"手拉手"联络的中压配电网环型供电模型。以此模型为基础,从降低合环运行短路电流角度出发,基于短路转移阻抗分析,提出基于变压器低压侧安装短路电流限制器,变电站低压母线分列和开闭所母线分段的合环运行方式。最后,利用所提出的环型供电模型进行了贵州凯里2015年城区环型配电网的设计和合环运行可行性论证。研究结果不仅验证了所提出环型供电模型和合环运行方式的有效性,而且说明其对于配电网的建设规划具有良好的应用价值。

1×N信道聚合物微环谐振器电光开关阵列的开关特性

利用耦合模理论、电光调制理论和微环谐振理论,提出了一个完善合理的聚合物微环谐振器电光开关阵列模型.该器件由1条水平信道、N条竖直信道和N个微环构成,在微环上施加不同方式的驱动电压,可以实现N+1条信道的开关功能.以1×8信道结构为例,在1550nm谐振波长下对该器件进行了优化设计和模拟分析.其结果是:微环波导芯的截面尺寸为1.7×1.7μm2,波导芯与电极间的缓冲层厚度为2.5μm,电极厚度为0.2μm,微环半径为13.76μm,微环与信道间的耦合间距为0.14μm,输出光谱的3dB带宽约为0.05nm,开关电压约为12.6V,插入损耗约为0.67～1.26dB,串扰小于-20dB,开关时间约为11.35ps.

新型GIS中电子式光学电流/电压互感器的设计

介绍一种新型的GIS—插接式智能组合电器，分析其中应用的电子式光学电流／电压互感器设计原理，并进行相应的误差分析，进而给出光学互感器的测试系统框图，从而为插接式智能组合电器中传感头部分的硬件实现奠定了良好基础。

超高速大电流半导体开关实验研究

利用自行研制的固态半导体开关RSD,采用电容储能方式,研究了RSD的电压响应时间、大电流特性、电流上升率等。在测试RSD的电压响应时间时,得到了25 ns的电压下降曲线。在主电容电压为8kV时,得到峰值为10.1 kA、脉宽为34μs、电流上升率为2.03 kA/μs的大电流脉冲。通过调整主电路,在主电容为3 kV时,得到的电流脉冲峰值为8.5 kA、脉宽为2.5μs、电流上升率为7.2 kA/μs。结果表明,RSD是一种开通快、通流能力强、电流上升率高的大功率半导体开关器件。

声光调QCO_2激光器

为满足激光测距、环境探测、空间通讯及激光与物质相互作用机理研究等领域应用要求,研制了声光调QCO2激光器。针对影响声光调QCO2激光器输出的各种因素,利用调Q脉冲激光器速率方程对该激光器输出的主要技术参数进行了理论分析和计算,提出了声光调QCO2激光器优化设计的方法,并进行了验证实验。激光器脉冲重复频率为1Hz^50 kHz,在1 kHz运转时获得的输出激光脉冲宽度为180 ns,峰值功率为4 062 W,与理论计算基本一致。结果证明:通过声光晶体(AO)的优选及谐振腔的合理设计,可实现小型CO2激光器的高重频、窄脉宽,高峰值功率输出,并可通过光栅选线的设计方式和TTL信号控制实现此类激光器的波长调谐和编码输出。

无电流传感器的四开关三相无刷直流电机驱动控制新策略

在回顾四开关三相无刷直流电机(BLDCM)直接电流控制方案的基础上,为了进一步降低系统成本,提出了一种全新的无电流传感器四开关三相BLDCM驱动控制新策略。给出了通过测量串联电容中点对功率地电压来检测c相相电流的方法,指出四开关三相BLDCM处于四种常规工作模式(Mode2、Mode3、Mode5和Mode6)时只需利用滞环控制调节c相电流,即可同时调控另一工作相相电流,而对剩余的两种特殊工作模式(Mode1和Mode4),则进一步将其分别细化为4种子工作模式,详细分析了各子模式对相电流调节的瞬态效果,给出了先维持c相相电流近乎为零,再同时调控几乎相等的a、b相相电流的控制方法。为验证控制策略的有效性,在Matlab6.5/Simulink设计了整套仿真系统,理论分析过程和仿真结果都证明了方案的正确性和可行性。