Development of High Torque and High Power Density Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor for Traction Drive in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper presents design feasibility study and development of a new hybrid excitation flux switching motor (HEFSM) as a contender for traction drives in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Initially, the motor general construction, the basic working principle and the design concept of the proposed HEFSM are outlined. Then, the initial drive performances of the proposed HEFSM are evaluated based on 2D-FEA, in which the design restrictions, specifications and target performances are similar with conventional interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) used in HEV. Since the initial results fail to achieve the target performances, deterministic design optimization approach is used to treat several design parameters. After several cycles of optimization, the proposed motor makes it possible to obtain the target torque and power of 333 Nm and 123 kW, respectively. In addition, due to definite advantage of robust rotor structure of HEFSM, rotor mechanical stress prediction at maximum speed of 12,400 r/min is much lower than the mechanical stress in conventional IPMSM. Finally, the maximum torque and power density of the final design HEFSM are approximately 11.41 Nm/kg and 5.55 kW/kg, respectively, which is 19.98% and 58.12% more than the torque and power density in existing IPMSM for Lexus RX400h.

Transmission Mechanism Based on Burst Filling in Hybrid Optical Burst/Circuit Switching Networks

Hybrid optical switching networks make full use of the advantages of Optical Circuit Switching(OCS)and Optical Burst Switching(OBS).In parallel hybrid optical switching networks,edge nodes choose a switching mode for traffic and no longer change.The inflexible decision making of the traffic transfer mode leads to low resource utilization when the arrival rate of the OCS traffic is lower than the capacity of the light path.In this paper,a new transmission scheme is proposed to improve resource utilization for hybrid optical switching networks.When the traffic arrival rate of the light path is lower than the transmission rate of the light path,the OCS traffic flow is reshaped at the edge nodes to generate a series of voids.Then,several message packets are sent along the light path to inform the core nodes of the voids of the light paths that represent the unused bandwidth resources.To improve the resource utilization,the voids can be filled with data bursts by core nodes.The simulation results show that the new scheme can effectively reduce the burst loss rate and improve the link utilization of the hybrid optical switching network on the premise of a providing service quality guarantee for OCS traffic.

Analysis and Optimization of Transient Mode Switching Behavior for Power Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Clutch Collaboration

The power split hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)adopts a power coupling configuration featuring dual planetary gearsets and multiple clutches,enabling diverse operational modes through clutch engagement and disengagement.The multi-clutch configuration usually involves the collaboration of two clutches during the transient mode switching process,thereby substantially elevating control complexity.This study focuses on power split HEVs that integrate multi-clutch mechanisms and investigates how different clutch collaboration manners impact the characteristics of transient mode switching.The powertrain model for the power-split HEV is established utilizing matrix-based methodologies.Through the formulation of clutch torque curves and clutch collaboration models,this research systematically explores the effects of clutch engagement timing and the duration of clutch slipping state on transient mode switching behaviors.Building upon this analysis,an optimization problem for control parameters pertaining to the two collaborative clutches is formulated.The simulated annealing algorithm is employed to optimize these control parameters.Simulation results demonstrate that the clutch collaboration manners have a great influence on the transient mode switching performance.Compared with the pre-calibrated benchmark and the optimal solution derived by the genetic algorithm,the maximal longitudinal jerk and clutch slipping work during the transient mode switching process is reduced obviously with the optimal control parameters derived by the simulated annealing algorithm.The study provides valuable insights for the dynamic coordinated control of the power-split HEVs featuring complex clutch collaboration mechanisms.

Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor with Permanent Magnet Placed at Middle of Field Coil Slots and High Filling Factor Windings

Design and experimental studies on a hybrid excitation flux switching motor as a traction motor for hybrid electric vehicles drive are presented.A stator body of the motor consists of not only laminated silicon-iron electromagnetic steel and three-phase armature windings,but also both of field excitation coils and permanent magnets working together as a variable field magnetomotive force source.On the other hand,a rotor is composed of just laminated silicon-iron electromagnetic steel with salient poles like switched reluctance motor.To bring out the best in drive performances of the hybrid excitation flux switching motor as a variable flux motor for the application,each material adopted for the stator and rotor body should be designed properly in terms of motor efficiency,maximum torque and power densities and so forth.As some of them,in this paper,thinner silicon-iron electromagnetic steel sheet and permanent magnets with high remanent and low amount of Dysprosium used are applied for achieving higher motor efficiency.Moreover,all coils wound flatwise and edgewise using rectangular wires are introduced to realizing high filling factor for reduced copper losses.Experimental tests using a 60kW prototype of the motor demonstrates the designed motor has good motor efficiency under frequent operating points expected for the target vehicle drive.

Propagation and Confinement of Electric Field Waves along One-Dimensional Porous Silicon Hybrid Periodic/Quasiperiodic Structure

Selective spatial confinement of the electric field intensity is theoretically obtained for the light propagation along hybrid structures conformed by periodic and Fibonacci quasiperiodic dielectric multilayers. Sandwich-like configurations featuring periodic-quasiperiodic-periodic as well as quasiperiodic-periodic-quasiperiodic designs exhibit spatial localization of a large percent of the optical signal within specific zones of the hybrid system. Such a feature might be of interest in the pursuing of lasing devices based on porous silicon. It is found that the electric field confinement does not only depend on the quality of the defect or a particular transmission mode observed in the reflectivity spectra. We show that it is possible to enhance the electric field confinement solely varying the angle of incidence. The possibility of realizing finite photonic crystals with reduced size and very well defined band gap by means of a quasiperiodic-periodic-quasiperiodic hybrid multilayer is also revealed.

Quantitative Comparison of Electromagnetic Performance of Electrical Machines for HEVs/EVs

In this paper,various types of sinusoidal-fed electrical machines,i.e.induction machines(IMs),permanent magnet(PM)machines,synchronous reluctance machines,variable flux machines,wound field machines,are comprehensively reviewed in terms of basic features,merits and demerits,and compared for HEV/EV traction applications.Their latest developments are highlighted while their electromagnetic performance are quantitatively compared based on the same specification as the Prius 2010 interior PM(IPM)machine,including the torque/power-speed characteristics,power factor,efficiency map,and drive cycle based overall efficiency.It is found that PM-assisted synchronous reluctance machines are the most promising alternatives to IPM machines with lower cost and potentially higher overall efficiency.Although IMs are cheaper and have better overload capability,they exhibit lower efficiency and power factor.Other electrical machines,such as synchronous reluctance machines,wound field machines,as well as many other newly developed machines,are currently less attractive due to lower torque density and efficiency.

Applications of Serial-Parallel Compensated Resonant Topology in Wireless Charger System Used in Electric Vehicles

There are lots of factors that can influence the wireless charging efficiency in practice, such as misalignment and air-gap difference, which can also change all the charging parameters. To figure out the relationship between those facts and system, this paper presents a serial-parallel compensated(SPC) topology for electric vehicle/plug-in hybrid electric vehicle(EV/PHEV) wireless charger and provides all the parameters changing with corresponding curves. An ANSYS model is built to extract the coupling coefficient of coils. When the system is works at constant output power, the scan frequency process can be applied to wireless power transfer(WPT) and get the resonant frequency. In this way, it could determine the best frequency for system to achieve zero voltage switching status and force the system to hit the maximum transmission efficiency. Then frequency tracking control(FTC) is used to obtain the highest system efficiency. In the paper, the designed system is rated at 500 W with 15 cm air-gap, the overall efficiency is 92%. At the end, the paper also gives the consideration on how to improve the system efficiency.

Deployment of the Content-Based Switching Network

In this paper, we propose a hybrid network architecture, called Content-based Switching Network (CSN), and its signaling scheme, which addresses the issues inherent to conventional hybrid networks which implement a horizontal separation over the entire network (from edge to edge). We will show how CSN nodes can flexibly choose their switching paradigm (store-and-forward, optical bypass, electrical bypass) during a path establishment. Contents being transferred in one piece from end-to-end, the concept of packet can be eluded in our network, and, in particular, the user is able to avoid complicated transport layer functions, like TCP, if they are not essential. In CSN, very large contents have a special status, since they cannot be store-and-forwarded. We will show how the resource management has been designed in order to deal with such contents. A section is dedicated to deployment and feasibility issues. Simulation results will show that CSN can successfully transfer contents at 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps, the maximum speed being limited by the state-of-the-art device technologies when buffering is required (memory speed), while no major limit is observed in the case of all-optical transfers other than the optical fiber speed. Other results concern the deployment of CSN from an unclean slate approach. They will show how beneficial can be the deployment of CSN from an Optical Circuit Switching network.

Electric field control of deterministic current-induced magnetization switching in a hybrid ferromagnetic/ferroelectric structure

Subject Code:F04 With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a study by the research group led by Prof.Wang Kaiyou(王开友)from the Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences demonstrates all-electric and programmable manipulations of ferromagnetic bits without external

OWC/RF混合通信系统研究进展

无线光/射频混合通信系统克服了单一通信系统的局限性,在最大发挥无线光通信优势的同时弥补了射频通信的不足,显著提高了链路的可用性和可靠性,为未来高速大容量的信息传输提供了独特的解决方案。对近年来无线光/射频混合通信系统的研究进展进行了综述,首先介绍了不同混合通信系统模型的工作原理与应用,然后讨论了混合通信系统所面临的挑战和解决方法,最后展望了无线光/射频混合通信系统的未来发展趋势,旨在为无线光/射频混合通信系统的进一步研究和发展奠定基础。

基于混合算法的电力物料车辆排队服务优化

针对电力物料产品出入库频繁,扰动大,异质物料装卸时间差异大,车辆排队服务时间不确定等问题,建立电力物料装卸排队服务优化模型,模型中考虑了转换装卸仓库的时间对优化方案的影响。利用遗传算法对优良基因的记忆保留特性和算法收敛性以及粒子群算法迭代的方向性,提出混合遗传粒子群算法,加入了Metropolis抽样准则以提高算法跳出局部最优的能力。最后对国家电网天津市电力物资公司智慧物流园区实际数据算例进行仿真优化分析,模型优化后比实际的车辆平均空闲时间、最大空闲时间和总空闲时间都有大幅度减少,表明了模型的可行性和算法的有效性。相关研究模型已在企业智慧物流园区供应链多环节协同关键技术研究项目中进行分析与验证,并应用于企业实际仓储服务信息系统,极大地减小了企业运输车辆排队等待服务现象,减少了时间与成本浪费,具有较强的实际意义与应用价值。

基于电工电子技术的声光双控开关设计研究

为研究设计基于电工电子技术的声光双控开关,采用微机电系统(Micro-Electro-Mechanical System,MEMS)麦克风和硅光电二极管实现声音识别和光照强度检测,以STM32微控制器为核心进行信号处理和逻辑控制。实验测试表明,基于电工电子技术的声光双控开关性能良好,识别准确率、检测精度较高,响应速度较快,同时可保持较低功耗,满足大多数家居应用需求。

5G基站用光电混合缆结构和工艺的改进

为解决光电混合缆生产时缆芯不圆整的问题,改进了蝶形光缆的结构和绞合工艺。结果表明,改进后光电混合缆成缆圆整紧凑,缆芯直径减小,相同护套厚度的情况下,电缆外径由原来的7.8 mm减小至7.5 mm,节约了护套材料用量。

基于预测反馈的混合动力汽车制动机构模糊软切换控制技术

汽车制动机构系统的模糊控制多采用耦合模型,由于缺少对控制器参数的优化,导致控制误差较大,整体控制效果不佳。为此,提出基于预测反馈的混合动力汽车制动机构模糊软切换控制技术。根据动力汽车制动机构系统的组成结构,分别建立传统制动模型与再生制动模型,利用最小二乘法将其拟合,得到制动系统的综合动力学模型。根据汽车运行的实际工况,分析模糊软切换方式与各工况的匹配度,以获取模糊控制器的权重系数,采用预测反馈机制设计汽车行驶路径指令,并通过优化控制器输入偏差与辨识参数,设计最佳控制策略。实验结果表明,所提方法的控制误差较小,控制效果更好。

Estimating the clutch transmitting torque during HEV mode-switch based on the Kalman filter

A power train dynamics model of a coaxial parallel hybrid electric vehicle （HEV） was built for different clutch operating states. With the state vector constituted by the motor rotation speed and the clutch transmitting torque at two successive time steps, a discrete state space model for estimating the clutch transmitting torque was built, and the Kalman filtering algorithm was used to estimate the clutch transmitting torque. The Matlab/Simulink was employed to simulate the clutch transmitting torque for two mode-switch processes. Estimation errors were analyzed through compa- ring the estimated and simulated values of the clutch torque. Impact of the noise covariance and the sample time on clutch torque estimation errors were explored. The results show that the developed estimation method can be used to estimate the clutch transmitting torque for HEV with good accura- cy. The results are useful for torque direct control of automatic diaphragm clutches.

Performance evaluation of a WDM/OCDM based hybrid optical switch utilizing efficient resource allocation

A hybrid optical switch （HOS） with physical layer of wavelength division multiplexing and optical code division multiplexing （WDM/OCDM） scheme is proposed. An additional feature to the HOS than optical cross connect （OXC） is that the controller can process requests for both circuit establishment and burst scheduling. In our study, the measurement criteria of HOS are the blocking probability, probability of error, and probability of outage. To simplify the analysis, no distinction is made between a circuit in progress and a burst in progress. Moreover, a minimum fit （MinF） resource allocation strategy is applied in order to increase the bandwidth efficiency and control the multiplexing interference of the OCDM. A 2D Markov model for the HOS is presented using the MinF strategy. Numerical results reveal that the code parameters and the resource allocation strategy greatly affect the performance. Certain periority can be achieved by assigning shorter codes to high periority users and longer codes to low periority users. Also, the probability of error and outage are reduced bv aonling the MinF strategy.

基于矩阵降维的MoM-PO电磁散射混合算法

针对包含精细结构的电大尺寸目标电磁散射快速计算问题,提出了一种计算包含精细结构的电大尺寸目标电磁散射问题的基于矩阵降维的混合算法。该方法在Rao-Wilton-Glisson基函数矩量法(method of moment,MoM)的基础上,对目标区域进行划分,完成阻抗矩阵的分块和未知量的分离,再由矩量区与物理光学(physical optics,PO)区之间的电流相互作用构造耦合转移矩阵和激励转移矩阵,从而建立两个区域未知量之间的线性关系,进而完成对阻抗矩阵的降维,最终从矩阵运算角度构建了一种MoM-PO混合算法。其中,使用等效电偶极子模型简化双重积分计算,进一步减少矩阵元素的计算量;阻抗矩阵的阶数大幅减少,避免了大规模矩阵方程的求解计算。算例结果表明,与传统的低频算法相比,该算法既保证了计算精度,又提高了计算效率。

全光数据中心互联的混合放大技术研究

数据中心互联链路通信质量的准确评估是实现数网协同的重要基础。文章建立了基于波长选择开关的全光数据中心互联网络中的混合放大模型,可快速评估互联链路中的光信噪比与误码率等指标。文章讨论了无中继放大条件下的数据中心互联链路,给出了不同互联距离下的放大器选择方案,并通过仿真对比了在同等互联距离及光功率增益条件下,不同路径选择对互联链路通信质量的影响。根据相应的理论模型及算法,可建立数据中心互联网络的最佳路由。

面向城市信号灯环境的多模混合动力汽车经济性驾驶研究

以智能网联环境下的多模混合动力汽车作为研究对象,开展了面向城市道路信号交叉口的经济性驾驶研究。首先,基于车联网信息获取信号灯相位与计时数据,根据信号灯位置与道路限速等约束搭建多个信号交叉口路网模型,建立了面向控制的多模混合动力系统部件模型与整车能耗模型;其次,基于庞特里亚金极小值原理解决单车经济性驾驶问题,针对红绿灯路口进行场景分析,规划车辆在不停车通过条件下的有效速度范围,分析了连续信号交叉口的经济性速度优化问题;最后,基于模型预测控制求解多模混合动力汽车的最优能量管理问题,同时引入模式切换惩罚项以提高多模混合动力系统的运行平顺性。与全局最优的动态规划型能量管理相比,新控制策略取得了3.767 L/100 km的近优燃油经济性。

住宅用电梯随行光电混合缆的设计与制造

随着信息技术的发展,增强移动带宽、低时延、大连接通信网络不断延伸和深度覆盖。日常生活中住宅电梯内网络覆盖是非常大的应用领域,本文介绍的一种住宅用电梯随行光电混合缆,是根据客户需求,满足5G应场景的高层楼宇覆盖的电梯随行扁形光电混合缆,供业内同仁参考。