Unequal-interval data fusion algorithm for inertial/gravity matching integrated navigation system

Inertial/gravity matching integrated navigation system can effectively improve the longendurance navigation ability of underwater vehicles.Through the analysis of the matching process,the problem of unequal-interval in matching trajectory is addressed by an unequal-interval data fusion algorithm which is based on the unequal-interval characteristics analysis of the matching trajectory.Compared with previously available methods,the proposed algorithm improves the location precision.In conclusion,simulations of the integrated navigation system demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.

DESIGN & REALIZATION ON GPS/INS INTEGRATED NAVIGATION SYSTEM

讨论了应用卡尔曼滤波器的ＧＰＳ／ＩＮＳ组合导航系统，其中包括理论、方案与实际的ＩＮＳ和ＧＰＳ接收机的结合，研究的重点是对系统误差的建模及组合的实现，以及松组合和紧组合等各种组合方式等。该ＧＰＳ／ＩＮＳ组合导航开发系统，可以有效和经济地用于组合导航系统的研究和设计，在实际应用中起到了非常有效的作用。该系统不仅仅是一个计算机辅助设计软件，而且可以对实际获得的惯导和ＧＰＳ数据进行半物理仿真。开发系统的核心软件可以方便地转换成实际组合系统中的工程应用软件。应用结果表明，开发系统的设计思想和组合方案是成功的，可以取得良好的导航结果。

SINS/CNS/GPS integrated navigation algorithm based on UKF

A new nonlinear algorithm is proposed for strapdown inertial navigation system （SINS）/celestial navigation system （CNS）/global positioning system （GPS） integrated navigation systems. The algorithm employs a nonlinear system error model which can be modified by unscented Kalman filter （UKF） to give predictions of local filters. And these predictions can be fused by the federated Kalman filter. In the system error model, the rotation vector is introduced to denote vehicle＇s attitude and has less variables than the quaternion. Also, the UKF method is simplified to estimate the system error model, which can both lead to less calculation and reduce algorithm implement time. In the information fusion section, a modified federated Kalman filter is proposed to solve the singular covariance problem. Specifically, the new algorithm is applied to maneuvering vehicles, and simulation results show that this algorithm is more accurate than the linear integrated navigation algorithm.

IAE-adaptive Kalman filter for INS/GPS integrated navigation system

A marine INS/GPS adaptive navigation system is presented. GPS with two antenna providing vessel＇ s altitude is selected as the auxiliary system fusing with INS to improve the performance of the hybrid system. The Kalman filter is the most frequently used algorithm in the integrated navigation system, which is capable of estimating INS errors online based on the measured errors between INS and GPS. The standard Kalman filter （SKF） assumes that the statistics of the noise on each sensor are given. As long as the noise distributions do not change, the Kalman filter will give the optimal estimation. However GPS receiver will be disturbed easily and thus temporally changing measurement noise will join into the outputs of GPS, which will lead to performance degradation of the Kalman filter. Many researchers introduce fuzzy logic control method into innovation-based adaptive estimation adaptive Kalman filtering （IAE-AKF） algorithm, and accordingly propose various adaptive Kalman filters. However how to design the fuzzy logic controller is a very complicated problem still without a convincing solution. A novel IAE-AKF is proposed herein, which is based on the maximum likelihood criterion for the proper computation of the filter innovation covariance and hence of the filter gain. The approach is direct and simple without having to establish fuzzy inference rules. After having deduced the proposed IAEAKF algorithm theoretically in detail, the approach is tested by the simulation based on the system error model of the developed INS/GPS integrated marine navigation system. Simulation results show that the adaptive Kalman filter outperforms the SKF with higher accuracy, robustness and less computation. It is demonstra- ted that this proposed approach is a valid solution for the unknown changing measurement noise exited in the Kalman filter.

An INS/GNSS integrated navigation in GNSS denied environment using recurrent neural network

In view of the failure of GNSS signals,this paper proposes an INS/GNSS integrated navigation method based on the recurrent neural network(RNN).This proposed method utilizes the calculation principle of INS and the memory function of the RNN to estimate the errors of the INS,thereby obtaining a continuous,reliable and high-precision navigation solution.The performance of the proposed method is firstly demonstrated using an INS/GNSS simulation environment.Subsequently,an experimental test on boat is also conducted to validate the performance of the method.The results show a promising application prospect for RNN in the field of positioning for INS/GNSS integrated navigation in the absence of GNSS signal,as it outperforms extreme learning machine(ELM)and EKF by approximately 30%and 60%,respectively.

A tightly coupled rotational SINS/CNS integrated navigation method for aircraft

Strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS)/celestial navigation system(CNS)integrated navigation is widely used to achieve long-time and high-precision autonomous navigation for aircraft.In general,SINS/CNS integrated navigation can be divided into two integrated modes:loosely coupled integrated navigation and tightly coupled integrated navigation.Because the loosely coupled SINS/CNS integrated system is only available in the condition of at least three stars,the latter one is becoming a research hotspot.One major challenge of SINS/CNS integrated navigation is obtaining a high-precision horizon reference.To solve this problem,an innovative tightly coupled rotational SINS/CNS integrated navigation method is proposed.In this method,the rotational SINS error equation in the navigation frame is used as the state model,and the starlight vector and star altitude are used as measurements.Semi-physical simulations are conducted to test the performance of this integrated method.Results show that this tightly coupled rotational SINS/CNS method has the best navigation accuracy compared with SINS,rotational SINS,and traditional tightly coupled SINS/CNS integrated navigation method.

A Filtering Approach Based on MMAE for a SINS/CNS Integrated Navigation System

This paper explores multiple model adaptive estimation(MMAE) method, and with it, proposes a novel filtering algorithm. The proposed algorithm is an improved Kalman filter— multiple model adaptive estimation unscented Kalman filter(MMAE-UKF) rather than conventional Kalman filter methods,like the extended Kalman filter(EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter(UKF). UKF is used as a subfilter to obtain the system state estimate in the MMAE method. Single model filter has poor adaptability with uncertain or unknown system parameters,which the improved filtering method can overcome. Meanwhile,this algorithm is used for integrated navigation system of strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS) and celestial navigation system(CNS) by a ballistic missile's motion. The simulation results indicate that the proposed filtering algorithm has better navigation precision, can achieve optimal estimation of system state, and can be more flexible at the cost of increased computational burden.

APPLYINGSUCCESSIVEORTHOGONALIZATIONDECENTRALIZEDKALMANFILTERTOGPS／INSINTEGRATEDNAVIGATIONSYSTEM

逐次正交化分布式卡尔曼滤波器是对大系统进行状态估计的一种新方法。本文讨论了在GPS／INS组合导航系统中，应用逐次正交化分布式卡尔曼滤波器的原理和特点。首先，将组合导航系统分成三个子系统，然后采用开环和闭环校正相结合的方法，用两种组合方式对系统进行仿真。结果表明：本方法是有效并可实现的；在三个子系统串行运算的条件下，实际提高运行速度约两倍，并且保持了最优精度。本文所得的结论对于由多个实际子导航系统，如INS，GPS，地形匹配，罗兰C，多普勒雷达。

基于多解分离的GNSS/Inertial组合系统完好性监测

在卫星导航系统的完好性监测中,通常的接收机自主完好性监测过分依赖于可见星的几何分布,并且不能提供足够的可用性。针对该问题,给出了一种基于多解分离的惯性辅助卫星导航完好性监测方法。在对基于奇偶矢量的接收机自主完好性监测法及其可用性分析基础上,设计了基于多解分离的卫星导航/惯性组合导航紧耦合滤波器,推导了其完好性监测以及可用性计算方法。通过仿真实验,从可用性、阶跃故障和斜坡故障的完好性监测效果等方面,对两种方法进行了对比分析。结果表明,多解分离法在5颗星时仍能定位故障,水平保护限值可以降低50 m,对于1 m/s的斜坡故障检测时间可以缩短71 s,显著提高了完好性监测性能。

Fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter for indoor mobile target positioning with INS/WSN integrated method

Pure inertial navigation system(INS) has divergent localization errors after a long time. In order to compensate the disadvantage, wireless sensor network(WSN) associated with the INS was applied to estimate the mobile target positioning. Taking traditional Kalman filter(KF) as the framework, the system equation of KF was established by the INS and the observation equation of position errors was built by the WSN. Meanwhile, the observation equation of velocity errors was established by the velocity difference between the INS and WSN, then the covariance matrix of Kalman filter measurement noise was adjusted with fuzzy inference system(FIS), and the fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter(FAKF) based on the INS/WSN was proposed. The simulation results show that the FAKF method has better accuracy and robustness than KF and EKF methods and shows good adaptive capacity with time-varying system noise. Finally, experimental results further prove that FAKF has the fast convergence error, in comparison with KF and EKF methods.

Hybrid Kalman and unscented Kalman filters for INS/GPS integrated system considering constant lever arm effect

In inertial navigation system(INS) and global positioning system(GPS) integrated system, GPS antennas are usually not located at the same location as the inertial measurement unit(IMU) of the INS, so the lever arm effect exists, which makes the observation equation highly nonlinear. The INS/GPS integration with constant lever arm effect is studied. The position relation of IMU and GPS's antenna is represented in the earth centered earth fixed frame, while the velocity relation of these two systems is represented in local horizontal frame. Due to the small integration time interval of INS, i.e. 0.1 s in this work, the nonlinearity in the INS error equation is trivial, so the linear INS error model is constructed and addressed by Kalman filter's prediction step. On the other hand, the high nonlinearity in the observation equation due to lever arm effect is addressed by unscented Kalman filter's update step to attain higher accuracy and better applicability. Simulation is designed and the performance of the hybrid filter is validated.

INTEGRATED GPS/INS OF PSEUDO-RANGE DELTA-RANGE SEM I-PHYSICAL SIMULATION SRESEARCH

In orderto furtherstudy theperform ance oftightly integrated navigation system ofGPS/ INS, a sem i-physicalsim ulation oftightly coupled system has been done based on the data gathered from the experim entof integrated system ofGPSand INS. The closed-loop Kalm an Filter and U-D discom pose algorithm have been used. The sim ulation results associated to four integrated m odels of pseudo-range, delta-range, pseudo-range and delta-range alternation, and pseudo-range and delta- range synthesis have been provided, and the actualeffects of variously integrated m odels have been analyzed. The results show that the pseudo-range and delta-range synthesis coupled m odelis the m osteffective to im provethe coupled system perform anceand the individualdelta-rangecoupled m od- elhad betterbe avoided in application.

轨迹发生器的研究进展与展望

轨迹发生器是对惯性导航系统及其组合导航系统进行算法研究和仿真验证的重要工具之一。首先,通过梳理分析轨迹发生器在不同运载体的研究现状,概述理想型、数值算法型、数学模型型轨迹发生器的设计方法与主要思路;然后,归纳研究重点,对3类轨迹发生器进行仿真对比,分析3类轨迹发生器的特性和问题;最后,对轨迹发生器下一步的研究进行展望,为该领域的研究提供一定的思路。

水下地形匹配导航研究综述

地形辅助导航系统以地形高程特征为定位信息源,可为水下航行器提供有界的定位误差,并能显著地抑制捷联惯性导航系统的误差漂移。而地形匹配算法是地形辅助导航系统的关键技术,其输出的匹配位置可作为组合导航滤波器的观测值以修正导航参数,地形匹配精度直接决定了整个导航系统性能。首先概述了现有水下导航定位技术,然后阐述了地形辅助导航基本原理与组成,最后详细总结了中外地形辅助导航系统和地形匹配算法的研究进展,为中国地形辅助导航系统的开发和研制提供有益参考和支撑。

GNSS/INS组合导航中IMU参数设定与优化

针对惯性测量单元(IMU)参数设置不合理导致全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)/惯性导航系统(INS)组合导航无法充分发挥IMU性能的问题,提出了一套IMU参数设定与优化方案,建立了以GNSS短期中断期间导航漂移误差统计值、理论估计精度一致性以及IMU误差参数估计稳定性为评估对象的考核准则,使优化后的IMU参数可以确保GNSS/INS组合导航解算中状态预测方差阵的准确性,实现预测信息与观测信息权重合理分配,进而保障GNSS/INS组合导航最优性能。实测验证采用ADIS16465和ICM206022款典型车规级和消费级微机电(MEMS)IMU进行性能测试分析,测试结果表明:初始IMU参数与GNSS/INS组合导航算法适配度较低,无法得到最优组合导航结果;优化后,IMU参数在保障组合导航最优性能基础之上,也可实现理论估计精度与实际精度高度一致。

天文/惯性组合系统中重力扰动补偿方法

针对重力扰动引起惯性水平基准姿态测量误差进而导致天文/惯性组合导航系统定位精度下降的问题,提出天文/惯性组合系统中的重力扰动补偿方法。首先,基于导航误差模型分析了影响天文/惯性组合导航系统定位精度的主要因素。其次,推导了重力扰动、惯性水平基准姿态测量误差与天文导航定位误差之间的传播机理。然后,研究了重力扰动建模与修正方法,并将重力扰动补偿方法应用于惯性水平基准的导航解算回路中,实现重力扰动的有效补偿。跑车试验结果表明,所提重力扰动补偿方法可以将天文/惯性组合导航系统中定位误差的振荡幅值由1.6 n mile降低至0.5 n mile。

基于GPS-惯性数据的激光大气数据系统标定方法

激光大气数据系统由于系统测量精度较高以及测量区域范围较大,目前尚无有效的高精度标定手段。针对这一问题,提出一种直线折返测速法,可以消除大气中风速的影响,将消除风速影响后的空速数据与GPS-惯性组合导航系统测量的地速数据进行对比分析,以评价激光大气数据系统真空速测量性能。分析了所提方法的各类测量误差以及理论极限精度。飞行实验结果表明,所提方法测量精度优于0.5 m/s,接近理论误差极限,可以用来标定激光大气数据系统,为激光大气数据系统标定技术的发展和应用提供参考。

一种全局低偏的视觉/惯性/弱定位辅助融合导航系统

以视觉惯性为核心的导航技术在长期运行工况下误差会不断累积,进而产生严重的轨迹偏移。针对该问题,提出一种全局低偏的视觉/惯性/弱定位辅助融合导航系统。该系统以视觉惯性里程计高频率、高局部精度特性为基础,在室内外不同场景中,提供可选的全局信息辅助方案,融合卫星导航原始信息、超声基站测距信息以及视觉靶标定位辅助信息,实现室内外一体化全局低偏导航。搭建数据平台采集现实数据,基于激光点云匹配方法生成轨迹真值,将本文方法与VINS-Mono方法和ORBSLAM3方法进行导航精度评估对比,证明所提出的系统在全天候室内外不同光照环境中鲁棒性最好,在局部和全局都具备最优的导航精度。

针对FSAC赛场环境的全局锥桶建图算法研究

针对中国大学生无人驾驶方程式(FSAC)赛车在高速循迹的“U型弯道”工况中,由于识别的锥桶有限,导致路径规划失效的问题,提出了一种基于激光雷达以及组合惯导系统的锥桶地图构建算法。该算法从当前帧激光点云中提取出锥桶中心点云,通过乘以雷达到组合惯导的标定矩阵和组合惯导实时解算的车辆在地图坐标系中的位姿矩阵,将激光坐标系下的锥桶点云投影到地图坐标系下,完成锥桶地图的构建与更新。将算法进行实车验证,3次实验结果表明:该算法的平均召回率为98.7%,平均精准度为98.1%,构建好的地图能够供给规划算法,拟合出赛道的全局最优路径进行加速跟踪,提高了赛车的感知预判能力和路径规划效率。

光学靶标遮挡条件下掘进机定位解算方法

针对目前常用的基于惯导+视觉测量+光学靶标的掘进机组合式导航定位存在的光学靶标被遮挡情况下掘进机定位中断问题,提出了一种光学靶标遮挡条件下掘进机定位解算方法。首先,采集4个呈矩形分布的靶标点组成的光学靶标在无遮挡情况下的图像,得到靶标点在相机内成像光斑的像素坐标并构造成矩形,再按照一定比例扩大构造辅助矩形区域框。其次,采集部分靶标点被遮挡情况下的图像,得到无遮挡靶标点在相机内成像光斑的像素坐标,根据靶标点的成像光斑与辅助矩形区域框顶点的欧氏距离,确定无遮挡靶标点与成像光斑的对应关系,进而确定被遮挡的靶标点。然后,利用已知的靶标几何尺寸和惯导提供的靶标姿态信息,建立投影后的靶标点与成像光斑的对应关系,进而求解出被遮挡靶标点对应的光斑像素坐标。最后,利用N点位姿透视求解(PNP)算法求得光学靶标中心位置的空间坐标,实现掘进机定位解算。试验结果表明,光学靶标被遮挡情况下,通过推算被遮挡靶标点对应的光斑像素坐标,可以解决掘进机定位中断问题,保证了掘进机定位的实时性,且定位误差满足掘进机实际定位需求。