Selection of Water Transmission Method and Analysis of Pipe Network Zoning in Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Design

With the acceleration of urbanization,the demand for water supply and drainage pipe networks has increased significantly.In the planning of urban construction,it is necessary to optimize the design of the water supply and drainage system pipe network to effectively save energy while providing residents with more accessible water resources.Therefore,the municipal water supply and drainage system and the water transmission methods should be designed according to the geographical conditions of the city.In this paper,we mainly analyze the design of municipal water supply and drainage systems and the selection of water transmission methods.Besides,the optimization of the water supply and drainage network zoning process and pipe network maintenance is also discussed,so as to provide a reference for municipal water supply and drainage work.

Optimal Dispatching of Large-scale Water Supply System

This paper deals with the use of optimal control techniques in large-scale water distribution networks. According to the network characteristics and actual state of the water supply system in China, the implicit model, which may be solved by utilizing the hierarchical optimization method, is established. In special, based on the analyses of the water supply system containing variable-speed pumps, a software tool has been developed successfully. The application of this model to the city of Shenyang (China) is compared to experiential strategy. The results of this study show that the developed model is a very promising optimization method to control the large-scale water supply systems.

A heuristic design method for batch water-using networks of multiple contaminants with regeneration unit

This work develops a heuristic method for the design of batch water-using networks of multiple contaminants with regeneration unit based on the concepts of concentration potential. A water-using network involving regeneration unit can be formed by adding the regenerated stream(s) into the network involving reuse only. In the design procedure of the network operated in a single batch mode, time is take n as the primary factor a nd con centration potentials as the secondary one. For the networks operated in a repeated mode, the design procedure is similar to that for continuous processes, besides designing the storage tanks with the rules proposed. Continuous regeneration unit is selected in this work. With the proposed method, the network structure corresponding to the minimum freshwater consumption can be obtained. It is shown that the method proposed in this article is simple, effective and has clear engineering meaning.

Control of Water Supply in Pipe Networks Nonlinear Case

The paper deals with control of supply in pipe networks based on so-called Dynamic Virtual Distortion Method. Making use of the analytical network model of this installation and using presented below, the so-called Virtual Distortion Method （VDM）, the control of water supply can be performed. Minimization of supply pressure in inlets to the network, subject to inequality constraints imposed on outlet pressure （in chosen nodes） is discussed. Taking advantage of pre-computed influence vectors, the real-time control strategy can be realised with small computational effort and therefore, can be managed with use of hardware-based controllers. Non-linear constitutive relation （water flow vs. pressure head） has been assumed.

Multi-objective optimization of water supply network rehabilitation with non-dominated sorting Genetic Algorithm-II

Through the transformation of hydraulic constraints into the objective functions associated with a water supply network rehabilitation problem, a non-dominated sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) can be used to solve the altered multi-objective optimization model. The introduction of NSGA-II into water supply network optimal rehabilitation problem solves the conflict between one fitness value of standard genetic algorithm (SGA) and multi-objectives of rehabilitation problem. And the uncertainties brought by using weight coefficients or punish functions in conventional methods are controlled. And also by in-troduction of artificial inducement mutation (AIM) operation, the convergence speed of population is accelerated;this operation not only improves the convergence speed, but also improves the rationality and feasibility of solutions.

Development and Comparison of Hybrid Genetic Algorithms for Network Design Problem in Closed Loop Supply Chain

This paper presents four different hybrid genetic algorithms for network design problem in closed loop supply chain. They are compared using a complete factorial experiment with two factors, viz. problem size and algorithm. Based on the significance of the factor “algorithm”, the best algorithm is identified using Duncan’s multiple range test. Then it is compared with a mathematical model in terms of total cost. It is found that the best hybrid genetic algorithm identified gives results on par with the mathematical model in statistical terms. So, the best algorithm out of four algorithm proposed in this paper is proved to be superior to all other algorithms for all sizes of problems and its performance is equal to that of the mathematical model for small size and medium size problems.

A Water Line Network Failure Application of Network Design Problems

This study investigated a water supply recovery problem involving municipal water service piping. The problem consisted in recovering full service after network failure, in order to rapidly satisfy all urgent citywide demands. The optimal recovery solution was achieved through the application of so-called network design problems （NDPs）, which are a form of combinatorial optimization problem. However, a conventional NDP is not suitable for addressing urgent situations because （1） it does not utilize the non-failure arcs in the network, and （2） it is solely concerned with stable costs such as flow costs. Therefore, to adapt the technique to such urgent situations, the conventional NDP is here modified to deal with the specified water supply problem. In addition, a numerical illustration using the Sendai water network is presented.

Remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain network design based on genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm

As the huge computation and easily trapped local optimum in remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain network (RCSCN) design considered, a genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed. The total cost of closed-loop supply chain was selected as fitness function, and a unique and tidy coding mode was adopted in the proposed algorithm. Then, some mutation and crossover operators were introduced to achieve discrete optimization of RCSCN structure. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can gain global optimal solution with good convergent performance and rapidity. The computing speed is only 22.16 s, which is shorter than those of the other optimization algorithms.

Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to Optimize the Service in a Water Supply Network

Decision making in drinking water supply networks is increasingly complex due to the large number of variables involved.In order to make better decisions it is necessary to use adequate and robust methodologies.This paper presents the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)related to the operation of the drinking water supply network of the city of Chihuahua,Mexico,where two possible alternatives are delineated with the objective to optimize the service.The application of AHP was carried out in 24 sectors that have substantial differences in their efficiency but with instrumentation and measurement in all the variables contemplated by the operating agency,with a population of 221,722 inhabitants which represent a 30%of the total population of the city,the results indicate that the best alternative is the one with less criteria to be controlled and fewer repercussions on the cost of operation and investment in the rehabilitation and replacement of the network.

重庆大剧院消防给水设计与问题处理对策

简单介绍了重庆大剧院的建筑概况和消防给水,说明了其消防给水系统,并总结了消防给水设计的特点。重庆大剧院的消防给水设计体现安全可靠、技术先进、经济适用、环境保护。针对重庆大剧院在舞台水灭火系统设计需要、观众厅水灭火系统的选择、室内消防给水管网的设计等主要问题进行了分析研究,并提出了处理对策和技术措施。重点分析了舞台雨淋的控制划分、台口水幕管道布置、水力报警阀前管道的优化设计。

铁路工程建设可持续供应链网络集成优化研究

随着国家对铁路工程项目可持续发展的日益重视,迫切需要先进且集成的供应链网络设计方案理论与方法来提高供应链效率、可持续绩效以及资源利用率。实施可持续供应链网络设计已成为实现铁路工程可持续发展的重要途径,而供应商选择、物流设施选址、路径规划、库存管理以及工程废弃物回收再利用等决策是铁路工程供应链管理的核心与关键问题。针对我国铁路工程建设供应链管理特点,从可持续视角研究铁路工程建设供应链网络设计集成优化问题,提出两阶段的求解框架:其中,第1阶段基于可持续指标体系运用模糊TOPSIS方法确定最佳供应商选择;第2阶段针对物流设施选址、库存控制策略与网络最佳流量分配的集成决策问题,构建了基于模糊规划的多周期多目标供应链网络集成决策优化模型。该优化模型考虑了运输过程的不确定性,以供应链总成本、碳排放量最小以及社会效益最大为优化目标。针对上述多周期多目标优化模型的特征,设计了改进的宽容分层序列算法进行求解。最后,基于我国丰雄商铁路工程建设项目进行案例研究,验证了上述求解框架与算法的有效性,并针对单位运价、单位运输碳排放量以及弃置率3个关键参数进行了敏感性分析。研究结果表明:1)批量折扣策略可以在联合采购中节省大量成本;2)运输模式与路径优化对系统的效率和可持续绩效有决定性影响;3)与管理学手段相比,推进新能源的使用是降低碳排放量最有效的措施;4)社会效益的提高不可避免地需要更高的成本,政府合理的补贴政策是提高企业积极性的关键举措;5)长远来看,铁路工程项目中的废弃物回收利用是实现可持续工程建设的重要途径,其技术和应用的发展都应受到重视。

基于FCM-GA灌溉供水管网减压阀布设优化

为探究灌溉供水管网中存在的漏损过高以及局部压力过大的问题,提出了一种基于FCM-GA的供水管网减压阀布设优化方法,该方法借助MATLAB、EPANET、MATLAB-EPANET-Toolkit以及PlatEMO平台等工具,对西班牙的BIN管网进行分区布置减压阀并优化阀后压力,以不同分区方案的成本与降漏效果为控制指标,筛选出最优方案。结果显示:最优方案(分5个区)将整个管网的漏损率降低至7.45%,相较初始管网降低了20.04%,降低的漏损费用可达114€/d,在减压阀服务年限内可收回成本并达到盈利,并实现对整个管网系统的压力管理,提高了管网的稳定性和可靠性,有利于减少管网事故发生。因此,基于FCM-GA的灌溉供水管网减压阀布设优化是一种安全、低成本和高效益的降漏与控压方法,在有效降低灌溉用水费用的同时,可更好地实现节水灌溉。

基于改进NSGA-Ⅲ算法的供水管网多目标优化设计

针对多目标优化算法在供水管网优化设计中求解效率低、收敛性不佳等问题,提出一种自适应第三代非支配排序遗传算法(a-NSGA-Ⅲ),差别化分配交叉变异概率的同时对解集的多样性进行优化,统筹考虑供水管网的经济性、可靠性、水质情况,并在可靠性中引入节点富余水头绝对值均值与均方差以防止负压出现,提高压力及分布均匀性,最后以苏州某市供水管网为例,采用标准NSGA-Ⅲ和a-NSGA-Ⅲ算法对模型求解。结果表明,a-NSGA-Ⅲ算法在帕累托(Pareto)解集前沿分布、收敛性、方案结果上均优于标准NSGA-Ⅲ算法,在实际供水管网模型中效果更好,可为供水管网的设计与优化提供理论支撑。

面向供水管网漏损监测的传感器优化布置多准则决策分析方法

供水管网漏损精准监测对于避免水资源浪费具有重要意义,为此,提出一种面向供水管网漏损监测的传感器优化布置多准则决策分析方法。基于充分考虑传感器布置优化的权重、差异阈值和偏好阈值的不确定性,利用信息熵在整个决策空间内对传感器的初始位置进行筛选再根据漏损监测目标,通过定义一组传感器布置优化准则,利用多准则决策分析方法对初始方案进行排序,得到顾及多组参数及不同偏好场景下各种初始方案的概率排序。为了验证该方法的适用性,采用基准测试管网k1模型开展仿真试验并比较了几种不同的偏好场景。结果表明所提出的方法能够适应顺序优先和最重要的优先顺序,而且能够对方案进行排序和成对比较,避免了使用“黑匣子”对传感器布置方案进行选择。

BIM技术在建筑给排水设计与优化中的应用

归纳了BIM技术在建筑给排水设计中的优势和特点,包括参数化设计、可视化设计、碰撞检测、安装模拟等,分析BIM技术在给排水三维信息模型建立与可视化表达、参数调整与模型自动渲染、给排水管道结构冲突问题自动检测、给排水工程施工过程模拟与进度管理等方面的应用,并指出了当前BIM技术在建筑给排水设计优化应用中存在的难点问题。

基于工况参数和改进LSTM的空冷器热风温度预测

针对传统抽水蓄能电站技术供水系统存在的智能化水平偏低,供水对象的温度与许多参数变量之间相互耦合的问题,建立了基于工况参数和改进长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络的发电机空气冷却器热风温度预测模型.首先对原始数据进行清洗,其次采用随机森林(RF)特征降维,对参与目标预测的诸多高维测点变量进行重要度排序,验证所提的工况参数与预测对象温度的相关性,最后再将其输入PSO-LSTM神经网络进行模型的求解.将所提的基于工况参数和改进LSTM方法与最小二乘法、BP神经网络以及原始的LSTM方法进行对比.结果表明,所提模型能有效预测发电机空气冷却器热风温度,相较其他的模型,预测误差能够下降50%左右,同时拥有更优的预测稳定性.

基于FCM算法的DMA分区技术在城市供水管网管理中的应用

现阶段我国城市供水管网还不完善,同时随着时代的发展,管网老化、使用效果和效率等问题也随之浮现,因此对原有城市管网进行优化管理是亟待解决的问题。供水独立计量区(District Metered Area, DMA)是一种领先的供水管网管理运营模式,通过FCM算法对管网进行优化分区,既可以及时发现管网供水反常点,又可以推测出分区区域内的漏失情况、并帮助查找漏失点,减少管网漏失率和产销差率,对于管网优化管理等有着积极作用。

农村供水工程管网更新设计研究

农村供水管网已成为农村供水保障阶段提升农村供水安全性、稳定性的重要因素,目前却存在管网布局不合理、管径选择不当、管网材质劣质、设计理念滞后等问题。为研究农村供水工程管网更新设计工作,从规划、设计方案理念、评估指标等方面深入分析了农村供水管网的现状及其在设计中存在的问题,提出农村供水管网更新设计策略要落实“节水优先,空间均衡,系统治理,两手发力”的治水思路,管网更新设计方案同时要兼顾物理层面和功能层面的需要,引入量化供水、分区供水与漏损测度与管压、流量动态调整等技术,辅之以管网合理布局,管材因地制宜,进而形成整体设计框架。研究成果可为农村供水保障阶段的农村供水管网设计与实施提供理论和实践借鉴。

基于双碳背景下的供水管网优化策略探索

城市供水管网是城市基础设施的核心组成部分,直接关系到城市居民的生命健康和生活品质。为了应对未来气候变化和城市发展的需求,构建面向未来气候适应型的可持续城市供水管网,不仅是当前城市发展的迫切需求,也是保障城市居民生活安全和提升城市竞争力的重要举措。通过讨论全球气候背景下供水管网面临的挑战,分析现有的供水管网的优化及管理手段,推演出全球气候背景下城市供水管网的需求,提出了符合双碳背景的针对性供水管网优化方案。

基于DQN的二次供水系统运行优化研究

二次供水系统是饮用水到达用户的最后关键环节,针对二次供水运行中水龄较长影响水质的问题,提出一种基于深度学习Q学习算法(Deep Q-Learning Network,DQN)的运行优化模型。该模型将水压、水龄、能耗优化目标综合计算成对应的奖励,基于水力模拟的运行工况为输入,进水池、水泵的运行指令为输出。以某二次供水系统为例,利用EPANET软件构建水力模型,基于DQN分别对组件运行进行优化。结果显示,优化后均在保证供水压力的前提下达到降低水龄的目标。