Adaptive weighting impact angle optimal guidance law considering seeker's FOV angle constraints

In this paper, a new adaptive optimal guidance law with impact angle and seeker’s field-of-view(FOV) angle constraints is proposed. To this end, the generalized optimal guidance law is derived first. A changeable impact angle weighting(IAW) coefficient is introduced and used to modify the guidance law to make it adaptive for all guidance constraints. After integrating the closed-form solution of the guidance command with linearized engagement kinematics, the analytic predictive models of impact angle and FOV angle are built, and the available range of IAW corresponding to constraints is certain. Next, a calculation scheme is presented to acquire the real-time value of IAW during the entire guidance process. When applying the proposed guidance law, the IAW will keep small to avoid a trajectory climbing up to limit FOV angle at an initial time but will increase with the closing target to improve impact position and angle accuracy, thereby ensuring that the guidance law can juggle orders of guidance accuracy and constraints control.

Optimal Guidance Law to Maximize Terminal Velocity for Missiles with Impact Angle Constraint

In this paper,an optimal guidance law for missiles with impact angle and miss distance constraints is proposed to achieve the maximal terminal velocity. The normal acceleration command that includes the timevarying coefficients is introduced to satisfy the desired impact angle as well as zero miss distance according to the geometric relation and relative motion parameters between missile and target. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem by defining the angle of velocity error and flight-path angle as state variables and maximizing a performance index of the terminal velocity. The analytical form of the proposed guidance law is obtained as the solution of the optimal control problem combining optimal control theory and numerical value computation method. Nonlinear simulations of various situations demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed optimal guidance law.

Extended optimal guidance law with impact angle and acceleration constriants

The extended optima straints of miss distance and Schwartz inequality. To reduce guidance law with terminal conmpact angle is derived by the terminal acceleration and eliminate gravity disturbance absolutely, the object function, which designs the weight of control command to be the power function of time-to-go＇s reciprocal, is given. And the gravity is considered when building the state equation. Based on the parsing express of the guidance command change with varying time and adjoint system analysis method, the command characteristics and the non-dimensional miss distance of the guidance law are analyzed, a design principle of guidance order coefficients is discussed. Finally, based on the requirement of engineering, the method to calculate the guidance condition and maximal required acceleration of the guidance law is given. The simulation demonstrates that not only the guidance law can satisfy the terminal position and impact angle constraints, but also the terminal acceleration can be converged toward zero, which will support a good situation for the terminal angle of attacking control.

Three-dimensional impact angle constrained distributed cooperative guidance law for anti-ship missiles

This paper investigates the problem of distributed cooperative guidance law design for multiple anti-ship missiles in the three-dimensional(3-D)space hitting simultaneously the same target with considering the desired terminal impact angle constraint.To address this issue,the problem formulation including 3-D nonlinear mathematical model description,and communication topology are built firstly.Then the consensus variable is constructed using the available information and can reach consensus under the proposed acceleration command along the line-of-sight(LOS)which satisfies the impact time constraint.However,the normal accelerations are designed to guarantee the convergence of the LOS angular rate.Furthermore,consider the terminal impact angle constraints,a nonsingular terminal sliding mode(NTSM)control is introduced,and a finite time convergent control law of normal acceleration is proposed.The convergence of the proposed guidance law is proved by using the second Lyapunov stability method,and numerical simulations are also conducted to verify its effectiveness.The results indicate that the proposed cooperative guidance law can regulate the impact time error and impact angle error in finite time if the connecting time of the communication topology is longer than the required convergent time.

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance law for multiple missiles with impact angle constraint

This paper proposes a cooperative guidance law for attacking a ground target with the impact angle constraint based on the motion camouflage strategy in the line-of-sight(LOS)frame.A dynamic model with the impact angle constraint is established according to the relative motion between multiple missiles and the target.The process of cooperative guidance law design is divided into two stages.Firstly,based on the undirected graph theory,a new finite-time consensus protocol on the LOS direction is derived to guarantee relative distances reach consensus.And the value of acceleration command is positive,which is beneficial for engineering realization.Secondly,the acceleration command on the normal direction of the LOS is designed based on motion camouflage and finite-time convergence,which can ensure the missiles reach the target with the desired angle and satisfy the motion camouflage state.The finitetime stability analysis is proved by the Lyapunov theory.Numerical simulations for stationary and maneuver targets have demonstrated the effectiveness of the cooperative guidance law proposed.

Trajectory shaping guidance law based on virtual angle with terminal constraints

A trajectory shaping guidance law based on virtua angle （TSGLBVA） is proposed for a re-entry vehicle with the constraints of terminal impact angles and their time derivatives. In the view of differential properties of the maneuvering trajectory, a virtual angle and a virtual radius are defined. Also, the shaping trajectory of the vehicle is established by the polynomials of the virtual angle. Then, four optimized parameters are selected according to the theorem of parameters transformation presented in this paper. Finally, a convergent variant of the Nelder-Mead algorithm is adopted to obtain the reference trajectory, and a trajectory feedback tracking guidance law is designed. The simulation results demonstrate that the TSGLBVA ensures the re-entry vehicle to impact a target precisely from a specified direction with smal terminal load factor command, as well as to obtain a maximum or constrained terminal velocity according to various requirements.

A trajectory shaping guidance law with field-of-view angle constraint and terminal limits

In this paper, a trajectory shaping guidance law,which considers constraints of field-of-view(FOV) angle, impact angle, and terminal lateral acceleration, is proposed for a constant speed missile against a stationary target. First, to decouple constraints of the FOV angle and the terminal lateral acceleration, the third-order polynomial with respect to the line-ofsight(LOS) angle is introduced. Based on an analysis of the relationship between the looking angle and the guidance coefficient,the boundary of the coefficient that satisfies the FOV constraint is obtained. The terminal guidance law coefficient is used to guarantee the convergence of the terminal conditions. Furthermore, the proposed law can be implemented under bearingsonly information, as the guidance command does not involve the relative range and the LOS angle rate. Finally, numerical simulations are performed based on a kinematic vehicle model to verify the effectiveness of the guidance law. Overall, the work offers an easily implementable guidance law with closed-form guidance gains, which is suitable for engineering applications.

Three-dimensional Large Landing Angle Guidance Based on Two-dimensional Guidance Laws

Both the design process and form of the three-dimensional （3D） suboptimal guidance law （3DSGL） are very complex. Therefore, we propose the use of two-dimensional （2D） guidance laws to meet the guidance requirements of 3D space. By analyzing the relationship between the flight-path angle and its projections on OXY and OXZ planes, we obtain the ideal design requirements of the guidance laws. Based on the requirements, we design a 2D suboptimal guidance law used in the horizontal plane; combining the 2D vertical suboptimal guidance law, we create a whole ballistic simulation of six degree-of-freedom. The results are compared with those using other three guidance modes in the case of large windage of the initial azimuth angle. When the proportional navigation guidance （PNG） law is used in the horizontal planes, the landing angle will obviously decrease. With the proposed guidance mode, the large landing angle can be realized and meet the guidance precision requirements. Moreover, the required overload can decrease to meet the control requirement. The effects of the proposed guidance mode are close to that of 3DSGL despite its very simple form.

宽体飞机地面主轮协同转弯控制律设计

主轮协同转弯技术能有效提高飞机的地面机动性,降低主起落架在转弯过程中受到的附加侧向扭矩,减小重载飞机地面转弯半径,但目前实现此技术的前主轮转角控制律设计方法尚不明确。提出以主起落架受力为约束条件,计算不同滑行速度下的前主轮转角关系,在全速度范围内进行分段选择并离散化,据此设计前主轮协同转弯控制律,以原理样机为对象进行仿真分析,验证了该控制律能有效降低两侧主起落架扭矩和的峰值。提出的设计方法对多轮系地面运载装备的复合转弯控制律设计具有一定的理论指导意义。

视场角限制下的攻击时间和角度三维矢量制导律设计

为了提高导弹精确打击目标的能力,控制攻击时间和攻击角度三维制导问题在实际应用中具有重要的意义。针对这一问题,本文基于三维矢量制导模型提出了一种视场角约束下的攻击时间和攻击角度控制律。首先,通过将平面矢量制导律扩展至三维空间,提出了一种三维矢量攻击角度约束制导律;其次,在上述制导指令的拦截分量中引入剩余时间偏置项,设计了一种在视场角约束下的三维矢量制导律,并进行了稳定性分析。保证导弹能在视场角约束的条件下,以期望的攻击时间和角度击中目标,并且误差均小于0.01;最后,通过数值模拟验证了所设计制导律的正确性和有效性。

系统收敛时间和攻击角度控制的滑模导引律

针对打击机动目标带攻击角度约束的导引律设计问题,采用滑模控制理论、任意收敛时间控制方法和干扰观测器,设计了一种攻击角度和收敛时间控制的导引律。根据弹目相对运动关系,将目标机动和建模误差等视为干扰,构建了考虑攻击角度约束的制导系统状态方程。分析了任意收敛时间控制方法在干扰情况下的性能,采用滑模控制和干扰观测器对任意收敛时间控制方法进行改进,提升鲁棒性。将该方法用于滑模面和趋近律设计中,采用干扰观测器对系统扰动进行估计,基于滑模控制理论,结合制导控制系统状态方程,推导出了收敛时间和攻击角度可控的滑模导引律。相比有限时间收敛导引律,该导引律的收敛时间和攻击角度可直接设定,无需根据制导参数计算。设置不同的目标机动方式以及不同的攻击角度和收敛时间,进行了多场景的数值仿真。结果表明,所提导引律能够有效实现攻击角度和收敛时间控制,并精确命中目标,同时相比现有导引律其制导性能更佳。

远程机动飞行器地心角修正的制导方法

针对远程机动飞行器长时间在大气层内飞行,传统的带落角约束的比例导引法在末制导段的期望落角受飞行航程地心角的影响较大,不能较好地适应远程机动飞行器落角约束的问题,故提出一种地心角修正的落角约束最优制导律。仿真结果表明该制导方法可以使远程机动飞行器的落角满足落角约束,并且具有一定的鲁棒性。

带有神经网络干扰观测器的视线角约束制导

针对具有终端视线(line-of-sight, LOS)角约束的机动目标拦截问题,提出一种基于径向基函数(radial basis function, RBF)神经网络干扰观测器的LOS角约束制导方法。首先,考虑目标机动过程中加速度信息无法获取的情况,给出了一种基于RBF神经网络的干扰观测器,实现了对目标机动的高精度估计;其次,充分考虑终端角度约束,结合超螺旋算法思想,通过幂次项的引入设计了一种改进的滑模制导律,从而有效提升了有限过载情况下的制导精度;在此基础上,通过Lyapunov定理对算法的收敛性和稳定性分别进行了证明;最后,通过仿真验证对比了3种不同方法在4种拦截场景下的制导性能,同时针对所提方法进行了蒙特卡罗打靶仿真,仿真结果表明所给出的LOS角约束制导律对机动目标拦截精度高、鲁棒性强。

考虑终端多约束条件的多项式最优制导律

针对考虑终端脱靶量、碰撞角和加速度多约束的精确制导问题,提出了一种可解析求解的多项式最优制导律。将视场角正切值设定为弹目距离的多项式函数形式,将终端多约束条件转化为多项式系数的代数关系式,并引入优化思想,得到弹目距离加权的能量最优指标下的多项式系数最优解,依据弹目运动关系将视场角正切值变化改写为相应满足终端碰撞角约束与加速度约束的制导指令解析式。针对不同加权系数、不同终端打击角度等条件对制导律制导效果进行了仿真验证,并与弹道成型制导律进行了对比。仿真结果表明,所提出的制导律可以使导弹以任意期望碰撞角准确命中目标,终端过载指令平稳收敛至0,避免了末端指令饱和现象。相较此前多项式制导相关研究,文中制导方法避免了在制导模型中引入小角度线性近似条件,提高了对轨迹与制导指令的设计精度,并能约束视场角大小从而规避系统可能出现的奇异性问题和自变量单调性问题,在终端可实现全向攻击。

攻击角约束的任意时间三维制导律设计

针对攻击角约束的机动目标拦截问题,提出了一种任意时间制导律。该制导律的设计采用了任意时间稳定性理论和分段滑模方法,解决了有限时间和固定时间制导律收敛时间难求的问题,实现了视线角误差收敛时间的任意设定。此外,还利用相关稳定性理论,对所设计的制导律进行分析与证明。通过数值仿真验证了任意时间制导律的有效性,并与有限时间和固定时间制导律的仿真结果进行了比较。

Three-dimensional time-varying sliding mode guidance law against maneuvering targets with terminal angle constraint

This paper deals with the problem of intercepting maneuvering targets with terminal angle constraints for missiles subjected to three-dimensional non-decoupling engagement geometry.To achieve the finite-time interception and satisfactory overload characteristics, a time varying sliding mode control methodology is developed based on a time base generator function. The main feature of the proposed guidance law guarantees the Line-of-Sight(LOS) angles to converge to small neighborhoods of the desired values at the interception time. First, a fractional power extended state observer is used to estimate the unknown target acceleration, which can significantly reduce the adaptive switching gain. The fractional power extended state observer enjoys the advantage of better noise tolerance. Then, a newly designed sliding mode surface is constructed by introducing a time base generator function and the time-varying sliding mode guidance law is developed based on this time-varying sliding surface. The proposed guidance law significantly reduces the overload magnitudes. Numerical simulations are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed guidance law.

具有终端角度约束的导引律综述

随着武器作战样式的变革,近年来具有终端角度约束的制导方法受到越来越广泛的关注。根据理论基础的不同,将具有终端角度约束的导引律划分为最优导引律、变结构导引律以及其它类型的导引律。综述了几类典型的具有终端角度约束的导引律的研究进展,对各类导引律的优缺点进行了系统的总结与分析,并通过仿真比较了四种典型导引律的制导性能。

带落角和时间约束的网络化导弹协同制导律

对网络化导弹的协同攻击问题进行了带命中落角约束和攻击时间约束的协同偏置比例导引律研究。对单枚导弹给出了带命中落角约束的偏置比例导引律,并推导出了对应的导弹剩余攻击时间的估算表达式。针对网络化导弹系统,根据各导弹的剩余攻击时间之差对偏置比例导引律中的比例系数进行调节,设计得到了同时满足命中落角和攻击时间约束的协同偏置比例导引律,进一步从理论上证明了该导引律能够使多枚导弹的攻击时间趋于一致。网络化导弹制导系统数学仿真实验结果表明,协同偏置比例导引律及剩余攻击时间估算方法是有效和正确的。

一种基于落角约束的偏置比例导引律

为增大反坦克导弹的命中落角,提高毁伤效果,建立了击顶弹道末制导段的弹目相对运动模型,提出了一种基于落角约束的偏置比例导引律,并研究了落角约束对导引律法向过载的影响,通过设计盲区控制方案减小了命中点法向过载,最后基于导引弹道仿真与传统比例导引律以及两种其它类型的改进比例导引律进行了仿真比较.仿真结果表明,该偏置比例导引律控制落角能力较强,同时具有较高的命中精度.

终端约束条件下末端制导律研究综述

现代战场环境的日益复杂化和激烈化,多约束条件下制导律的设计成为研究热点.本文首先介绍了末端制导律的研究背景和研究意义,概述了由于环境的复杂,目标的高机动性,及飞行器运动的非线性、强耦合性和多时变性性等因素带来制导律设计上的困难.然后对具有多终端约束条件下末端制导律的设计方法进行分类,将其分为单终端约束制导律和多终端约束制导律,并对具有终端角度、弹着时间、和终端速度的某一种或几种约束的制导律方法进行归纳总结.最后对下面4种末端制导律的发展趋势进行了展望:三维制导律、制导控制一体化、多飞行器协同制导和多模复合末制导.