An improved flexible tolerance method for solving nonlinear constrained optimization problems:Application in mass integration

This paper proposes the use of the flexible tolerance method(FTM) modified with adaptive Nelder–Mead parameters and barrier to solve constrained optimization problems. The problems used to analyze the performance of the methods were taken from G-Suite functions, and the methods with the best performance were applied in mass integration problems. Four methods were proposed:(1) flexible tolerance method(FTM) using adaptive parameters(FTMA),(2) flexible tolerance method with scaling(FTMS) and with adaptive parameters(FTMAS),(3) FTMS including the barrier modification(MFTMS) and(4) MFTMS hybridized with PSO(MFTMS-PSO). The success rates of these methods were 100%(MFTMS), 85%(MFTMS-PSO), 40%(FTMAS) and 30%(FTMA).Numerical experiments indicated that the MFTMS could efficiently and reliably improve the accuracy of global optima. In mass integration, the method was able, from current process situation, to reach the optimum process configuration that includes integration issues, which was not possible using FTM in its standard formulation. The hybridization of FTMS with PSO(without barrier), FTMS-PSO, was also able to solve mass integration problems efficiently.

Study of probability integration method parameter inversion by the genetic algorithm

In order to obtain accurate probability integration method(PIM) parameters for surface movement of multi-panel mining, a genetic algorithm(GA) was used to optimize the parameters. As the measured surface movement is affected by more than one mining panel, traditional PIM parameter inversion model is difficult to ensure the reliability of the results due to the complexity of rock movement. With crossover,mutation and selection operators, GA can perform a global optimization search and has high computation efficiency. Compared with the pattern search algorithm, the fitness function can avoid falling into local minima traps. GA reduces the risk of local minima traps which improves the accuracy and reliability with the mutation mechanism. Application at Xuehu colliery shows that GA can be used to inverse the PIM parameters for multi-panel surface movement observation, and reliable results can be obtained. The research provides a new way for back-analysis of PIM parameters for mining subsidence under complex conditions.

基于优化OCV-AH积分法的SOC估计

针对传统安时积分法估算锂电池荷电状态(SOC)存在精度不足的问题,文章提出一种优化开路电压-安时积分法(OCV-AH)的锂电池SOC估计算法。该优化OCV-AH积分法主要包括静态SOC初始值的校正和动态安时积分法的优化。首先将静置法数据分段拟合涓流放电曲线,得到高精度的OCV-SOC特性曲线作为校正SOC初始值的依据;然后在考虑了温度、放电倍率和充放电循环次数对电池实际容量的影响后,计算出修正系数,加入安时积分法中,动态修正电池的实际容量。最后,在Simulink中搭建了优化OCV-AH积分法的模型,并在DST工况下,将优化安时积分法与传统安时积分法进行仿真对比,验证了该文设计的优化OCV-AH积分法对于SOC初始值校正和SOC动态估算的精确性。

PID Parameters for Tuning and Optimization of a Turbine EngineBased on the Simplex Search Method

A PID parameters tuning and optimization method for a turbine engine based on the simplex search method was proposed. Taking time delay of combustion and actuator into account, a simulation model of a PID control system for a turbine engine was developed. A performance index based on the integral of absolute error （IAE） was given as an objective function of optimization. In order to avoid the sensitivity that resulted from the initial values of the simplex search method, the traditional Ziegler-Nichols method was used to tune PID parameters to obtain the initial values at first, then the simplex search method was applied to optimize PID parameters for the turbine engine. Simulation results indicate that the simplex search method is a reasonable and effective method for PID controller parameters tuning and optimization.

STOCHASTIC OPTIMAL CONTROL FOR THE RESPONSE OF QUASI NON-INTEGRABLE HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS

A strategy is proposed based on the stochastic averaging method for quasi non- integrable Hamiltonian systems and the stochastic dynamical programming principle.The pro- posed strategy can be used to design nonlinear stochastic optimal control to minimize the response of quasi non-integrable Hamiltonian systems subject to Gaussian white noise excitation.By using the stochastic averaging method for quasi non-integrable Hamiltonian systems the equations of motion of a controlled quasi non-integrable Hamiltonian system is reduced to a one-dimensional av- eraged It stochastic differential equation.By using the stochastic dynamical programming princi- ple the dynamical programming equation for minimizing the response of the system is formulated. The optimal control law is derived from the dynamical programming equation and the bounded control constraints.The response of optimally controlled systems is predicted through solving the FPK equation associated with It stochastic differential equation.An example is worked out in detail to illustrate the application of the control strategy proposed.

Influence and Optimization of Surface Roughness on Surface Integrity during Turning Using Grey Relational Analysis

Current machining studies have reported effects of prevalent and common factors,while ultra⁃high finish requires holistic approach to identify all factors and investigate their effects on machining of hard to machine materials.In this work,a less investigated yet important factor,roughness of the uncut surface,was studied,and its effects on the individual response,i.e.,surface finish of the machined part,were found to be significant.AISI 316,which is mainly applied in strategic areas,was selected and three effective turning factors,cutting speed(A),feed rate(B),and roughness of the uncut surface(C)on three output responses including surface roughness of the machined surface(Ra),microhardness(HV),and material removal rate(MRR),were reported.Further,single response optimization of the individual output response and multi⁃response optimization of all the three responses were carried out.Taguchi L9 orthogonal array based signal⁃to⁃noise(S/N)ratio method was used for individual response optimization,and grey relational analysis(GRA)was employed for multi⁃response optimization.Effects of the process factors on the output responses were evaluated through inclusive statistical analyses.The individual response optimization revealed that there was a considerable effect of roughness of the uncut surface on the machining performance.Results of the GRA illustrated that the speed during the cutting process and the feed rate had substantial trace on the surface integrity(indicated by Ra and HV)and production rate(indicated by MRR),while roughness of the uncut surface did not have a significant effect.

PENALTY FUNCTION METHOD OF CONTINUUM SHAPE OPTIMIZAION

The penalty function method of continuum shape optimization and its sensitivity analysis technique are presented. A relatively simple integrated shape optimization system is developed and used to optimize the design of the inner frame shape of a three-axis test table. The result shows that the method converges well, and the system is stable and reliable.

A new approach for flow simulation in complex hydraulic fracture morphology and its application:Fracture connection element method

Efficient flow simulation and optimization methods of hydraulic fracture morphology in unconventional reservoirs are effective ways to enhance oil/gas recovery.Based on the connection element method(CEM)and distribution of stimulated reservoir volume,the complex hydraulic fracture morphology was accurately described using heterogeneous node connection system.Then a new fracture connection element method(FCEM)for fluid flow in stimulated unconventional reservoirs with complex hydraulic fracture morphology was proposed.In the proposed FCEM,the arrangement of dense nodes in the stimulated area and sparse nodes in the unstimulated area ensures the calculation accuracy and efficiency.The key parameter,transmissibility,was also modified according to the strong heterogeneity of stimulated reservoirs.The finite difference and semi-analytical tracking were used to accurately solve the pressure and saturation distribution between nodes.The FCEM is validated by comparing with traditional numerical simulation method,and the results show that the bottom hole pressure simulated by the FCEM is consistent with the results from traditional numerical simulation method,and the matching rate is larger than 95%.The proposed FCEM was also used in the optimization of fracturing parameters by coupling the hydraulic fracture propagation method and intelligent optimization algorithm.The integrated intelligent optimization approach for multi-parameters,such as perforation number,perforation location,and displacement in hydraulic fracturing is proposed.The proposed approach was applied in a shale gas reservoir,and the result shows that the optimized perforation location and morphology distribution are related to the distribution of porosity/permeability.When the perforation location and displacement are optimized with the same fracture number,NPV increases by 70.58%,which greatly improves the economic benefits of unconventional reservoirs.This work provides a new way for flow simulation and optimization of hydraulic fracture morphology of multi-fractured horizontal wells in unconventional reservoirs.

Rooted Tree Optimization for Wind Turbine Optimum Control Based on Energy Storage System

The integration of wind turbines(WTs)in variable speed drive systems belongs to the main factors causing lowstability in electrical networks.Therefore,in order to avoid this issue,WTs hybridization with a storage system is a mandatory.This paper investigates WT system operating at variable speed.The system contains of a permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG)supported by a battery storage system(BSS).To enhance the quality of active and reactive power injected into the network,direct power control(DPC)scheme utilizing space-vector modulation(SVM)technique based on proportional-integral(PI)control is proposed.Meanwhile,to improve the rendition of this method(DPC-SVM-PI),the rooted tree optimization technique(RTO)algorithm-based controller parameter identification is used to achieve PI optimal gains.To compare the performance ofRTO-based controllers,they were implemented and tested along with some other popular controllers under different working conditions.The obtained results have shown the supremacy of the suggested PIRTO algorithm compared to competing controllers regarding total harmonic distortion(THD),overshoot percentage,settling time,rise time,average active power value,overall efficiency,and active power steadystate error.

基于多模式预报的四川盆地强降水订正方法

四川盆地地形地貌复杂,强降水预报难度大,对模式降水预报产品进行订正,是提升强降水预报质量的重要手段。本文选取2018—2019年发生在四川盆地的35次强降水过程,对ECMWF、CMA_MESO和SWC_WARMS三种模式的24 h强降水预报采用常规评分和空间平移两个方法进行检验,并利用最优评分、多模式集成和位移订正三种方法进行订正试验。结果表明:最优评分订正方法可以有效改善各模式降水预报的强度,而多模式集成订正法可以改进降水落区和极值预报,在此基础上计算位移偏差,根据最优的位移偏差值对降水预报进行位移订正,可以进一步改进强降水落区预报效果。然后利用2020—2021年强降水过程进行订正效果验证,结果显示:经订正后的降水极值预报更接近实况,各量级降水预报评分明显优于单一模式,暴雨和大暴雨预报的TS评分提高率较最优单模式分别可达24.3%和42.8%,订正后空报率基本维持,漏报率显著下降,订正效果良好。

A Brief Study on Discourse Hegemony and Social Integration Function of Legal Language

Legal terms is widely used in varied law-related activities.However,it can be easily found that it is the professionalism of legal language that have results into the appearance of its discourse hegemony and the social integration function regarding the nature of law’s social command and dispute settlement mechanism at large.Therefore,there is a need to analyze the operation of legal language and its whole influence upon individuals and certain human groups to figure out the means of improvement and optimization to better serve the Chinese rule of legal modernization drive plus the facilitation of social harmony.

基于STM32的智能航行系统设计

为解决航行器智能确定航向并航行的问题,本文采取模块化的思想设计了一款基于STM32的红外导引的智能航行控制系统。该智能航行系统利用红外接收模块进行红外导引信号的接收,采取线性加权法进行航向与导引信号之间的偏离角确定,利用比例-积分-微分(proportion-integration-differentiation,PID)控制算法对控制舵机转角的脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)信号的占空比进行确定,从而对螺旋桨的转速与舵桨的转角进行可靠控制。根据水池测试结果,该智能航行控制系统能够对红外接收信号进行快速处理,在保持较高航速的条件下进行可靠的航行控制。

基于自适应源项离散的点核积分方法计算效率优化研究

点核积分方法面对多源项的复杂场景或是需要对辐射场进行动态更新的情形存在计算耗时较长的问题。针对该问题,通过点核积分程序CIRPDose对圆柱体源、长方体源等5类源项离散引起的误差随计算点与源距离的变化规律进行模拟计算,并提出了一种基于自适应源项离散的点核积分计算效率优化方法。在将该方法集成到CIRPDose程序后,通过自定义算例对其进行测试,测试结果显示,相比传统的固定离散数目,各类型源项在自适应离散方法下的辐射场计算用时最大缩短96.77%,且计算结果平均偏差最大值仅为3.19%,验证了所提方法的可靠性和有效性。研究工作可为核设施内的三维γ辐射场快速计算提供技术支持。

基于综合赋权与云熵优化的园区综合能源系统评价

综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)作为能源转型中的重要环节已得到越来越多国家的广泛关注。构建一套匹配中国国情的综合能源系统评价体系和评价方法不仅能够为综合能源系统规划后评价打下基础,以此对规划方案进行优劣排序;还能够提高综合能源系统项目的管理水平,在制定统一、完整的综合能源系统综合评价标准时提供参考。为此,首先结合园区IES基本特征以及运行特性,构建包含经济性、可靠性、环保性以及智能友好性4个方面的综合评价指标体系;然后为解决IES在运行中的不确定性问题,对基于传统云物元模型的综合评价体系提出云熵优化,即考虑不同评价者对模糊性的可接受程度;为解决单一赋权方法可能导致的评价结果过于主观或过于客观的问题,选择基于最小鉴别信息原理将决策实验室法与熵权法相结合的综合赋权法,并采用变权法进一步完善综合评价指标;最后通过算例分析,验证所提综合评价体系的科学正确性。

铁路工程建设可持续供应链网络集成优化研究

随着国家对铁路工程项目可持续发展的日益重视,迫切需要先进且集成的供应链网络设计方案理论与方法来提高供应链效率、可持续绩效以及资源利用率。实施可持续供应链网络设计已成为实现铁路工程可持续发展的重要途径,而供应商选择、物流设施选址、路径规划、库存管理以及工程废弃物回收再利用等决策是铁路工程供应链管理的核心与关键问题。针对我国铁路工程建设供应链管理特点,从可持续视角研究铁路工程建设供应链网络设计集成优化问题,提出两阶段的求解框架:其中,第1阶段基于可持续指标体系运用模糊TOPSIS方法确定最佳供应商选择;第2阶段针对物流设施选址、库存控制策略与网络最佳流量分配的集成决策问题,构建了基于模糊规划的多周期多目标供应链网络集成决策优化模型。该优化模型考虑了运输过程的不确定性,以供应链总成本、碳排放量最小以及社会效益最大为优化目标。针对上述多周期多目标优化模型的特征,设计了改进的宽容分层序列算法进行求解。最后,基于我国丰雄商铁路工程建设项目进行案例研究,验证了上述求解框架与算法的有效性,并针对单位运价、单位运输碳排放量以及弃置率3个关键参数进行了敏感性分析。研究结果表明:1)批量折扣策略可以在联合采购中节省大量成本;2)运输模式与路径优化对系统的效率和可持续绩效有决定性影响;3)与管理学手段相比,推进新能源的使用是降低碳排放量最有效的措施;4)社会效益的提高不可避免地需要更高的成本,政府合理的补贴政策是提高企业积极性的关键举措;5)长远来看,铁路工程项目中的废弃物回收利用是实现可持续工程建设的重要途径,其技术和应用的发展都应受到重视。

基于SARIMA和SVR组合模型的转向架系统寿命评估

随着地铁运营时间和里程的增加,地铁车辆逐渐接近其理论寿命,为确保车辆运行安全性,需对其重要子系统进行健康状态及剩余寿命评估。文中选取车辆转向架系统作为研究对象,提出了一种基于协方差优选法的季节性回归移动平均(SARIMA)和支持向量回归(SVR)的组合模型对转向架寿命进行评估。首先,将车辆转向架系统历史故障率转化为健康指数,然后基于协方差优选法将SARIMA和SVR进行赋权组合,根据转向架系统历史健康指数进行预测,最后建立历史和预测的健康指数与运行时间的数学模型,分析得到转向架系统的剩余寿命。以某地铁车辆转向架系统为例进行算例分析及验证,结果表明组合模型可更准确地预测其健康状态,为有关维修部门开展维修维护策略提供理论依据,估计得出其剩余寿命,为车辆寿命后期退役及延寿决策提供理论数据分析支撑。

考虑不确定性的配电网-多综合能源系统分布式协同规划

综合能源系统的多点并网加剧了配电网规划的“维数灾害”,提出兼顾多主体利益均衡性和分析计算高效性的配电网-多综合能源系统的分布式协同规划方法。以区间数刻画系统内的源-荷不确定性,构建计及多利益主体的配电网-多综合能源系统分布式协同规划框架;考虑多源联供的低碳清洁性、综合能源系统对配电网的支撑性和多能互补性,建立考虑奖惩碳交易机制的配电网-多综合能源系统双层规划模型;采用基于最大变差分析的目标级联分析法求解含有区间不确定性和多主体耦合性的规划模型。仿真结果表明,所提方法有效降低了配电网耦合综合能源系统的复杂度,提升了系统内各利益主体的均衡性。

插齿机主运动机构的动平衡优化策略

在插齿过程中插齿机由于主运动机构动不平衡产生了不平衡惯性力,从而引起机床振动和噪声。为此,通过对插齿机主运动机构进行平衡分析,计算曲柄旋转一周的曲柄销与连杆的总不平衡量,采用积分求解和均值求解两种优化计算方法,以均方差作为评价指标制定优化策略。插齿机YKW51160主运动机构的平衡量优化实例计算表明,积分优化法与均值优化法计算的平衡块的不平衡量相近,相差不超过0.2 kg·m,积分优化后的不平衡量均方差为0.614,波动更小,减振效果更好。

考虑碳-绿证耦合机制的电-气-热综合能源系统分布式鲁棒低碳经济调度

为了保护综合能源系统中不同运营主体的信息隐私,权衡系统运行低碳性和经济性,解决天然气网络鲁棒模型难以求解的问题,提出了考虑碳-绿证耦合机制的电-气-热综合能源系统分布式鲁棒低碳经济调度方法。考虑天然气网络和热力网络的动态特性、碳-绿证耦合机制,构建综合能源系统动态低碳经济调度模型;为了保护各网络运营商的数据隐私,根据能量耦合关系对综合能源系统解耦,建立电-气-热网络的分布式协同优化模型;在此基础上,考虑风电出力和多能负荷的不确定性,提出基于一致性交替方向乘子法的分布式鲁棒优化框架,并利用二阶锥对偶理论与交替优化方法实现含二阶锥约束和二元变量的鲁棒子问题求解。以修改的IEEE 39节点电力网络、比利时20节点天然气网络和15节点热力网络为算例进行仿真分析,验证所提方法能够在源荷不确定性条件下实现综合能源系统各网络分散自治运行,同时兼顾系统运行的低碳性和经济性。

熵权法构建的楚城叙事空间优化更新研究

文旅融合背景下,旅游景区空间在传统文化挖掘与传承创新方面实现了新突破。熵权法作为客观赋权法,是明晰景区空间影响因素与作用机制的有效途径。本文以武汉东湖风景区中的楚城为研究对象,在探讨文旅驱动空间优化理论框架的基础上分析景区叙事的空间维度,采用熵权法构建了景区叙事空间优化指标体系与评价体系,发现楚城文旅融合处于中等水平但呈现出日益协调的发展态势,并探讨了景区叙事空间协调发展的影响因素与驱动机制,提出了“符号转译表达”“意象编织融合”“情景体验构建”的设计策略。