Research on the Innovative Decisions of Supermarket Private Brands and Designated Manufacturers

One of the core competencies of a supermarket lies in its branding.With the continuous development of the market economy and the ongoing evolution of consumer demand,private brands have progressively emerged as significant contributors to supermarket growth.However,a pivotal developmental challenge for supermarkets is navigating the innovative decision-making process between private brands and designated manufacturers.This paper aims to investigate the innovative decisions between private brands and designated manufacturers,along with the relevant promotional strategies employed during entry into the United States market.

Intelligent Manufacturing Engineers’Knowledge Transfer and Innovation Capability:From the Perspective of Big Data Acceptance Attitude

In the face of intelligent manufacturing(or smart manufacturing)human resource shortage,the training of industrial engineers in the field of intelligent manufacturing is of great significance.In academia,the positive link between learning transfer and knowledge innovation is recognized by most scholars,while the learner’s attitude toward big data decision-making,as a cognitive perception,affects learning transfer from the learner’s experienced engineering paradigm to the intelligent manufacturing paradigm.Thus,learning transfer can be regarded as a result of the learner’s attitude,and it becomes the intermediary state between their attitude and knowledge innovation.This paper reviews prior research on knowledge transfer and develops hypotheses on the relationships between learner acceptance attitude,knowledge transfer,and knowledge innovation.

Private banking development in China under two organizational structures:Economic analysis from an organizational innovation perspective

This paper investigates optimal decisions for private banking development in China under two innovative organizational structures—the big retail mode(BRM)and the independent development mode(IDM).Under the BRM,the retail and private banking divisions form a cooperative relationship wherein the former transfers highnet-worth customers to the latter.In addition,retail banking receives a share of private banking revenues.We investigate the optimal revenue-sharing ratio between the two divisions and the optimal effort by private banking to serve transferred customers within the cooperative relationship.The analytical results show that as the private banking division becomes more developed,the optimal revenue-sharing ratio decreases,and the private banking division’s optimal effort to serve transferred customers decreases because it puts more effort into acquiring new customers.Under the IDM,the two divisions form a competitive relationship since they compete to acquire customers independently.We investigate customer acquisition efforts in this interdivisional competition.Optimal customer acquisition efforts by both divisions increase in potential assets and rates of return.This paper contributes to the literature by(1)analyzing financial innovation by private banks from an organizational perspective;(2)providing an economic analysis for private banking development in China.

Research on an Intelligent Decision Support System for a Conceptual Innovation Design of Pumping Units Based on TRIZ

Attention is concentrated on how to perform the innovative design during the process of pumping unit conceptual design, and how to enhance design efficiency and inspire creativity. Aiming at the shortages of conceptual design, introducing the theory of inventive problem solving （TRIZ） into the mechanical product design for producing innovative ideas, and using the advanced computer-aided technique, the intelligent decision support system （IDSS） based on TRIZ （TRIZ-IDSS） has been constructed. The construction method, system structure, conceptual production, decisionmaking and evaluation of the problem solving subsystem are discussed. The innovative conceptual design of pumping units indicates that the system can help the engineers open up a new space of thinking, overcome the thinking inertia, and put forward innovative design concepts. This system also can offer the scientific instructions for the innovative design of mechanical products.

The Real Option Game Model to the Technology Innovation Investment Strategy

The real option game theory is a new effective method to analyze the project investment decision containing uncertain factors in the incomplete competition circumstance. Based on the introduction of the development of real option game method, this paper puts forward a real option game model to research on the investment opportunity and investment strategy of technology innovation involved two competitors. The varies of the value of project bring on three kinds of game equilibrium, that is the corporate investment equilibrium strategy, the leader ＆ follower investment equilibrium strategy and the corporate delay equilibrium strategy.

A Blind Spot in the Reframing of a Universe of Possibles: Towards a Suitable Model for Decision-Making Theory and A.I.

Bayesian inference model is an optimal processing of incomplete information that, more than other models, better captures the way in which any decision-maker learns and updates his degree of rational beliefs about possible states of nature, in order to make a better judgment while taking new evidence into account. Such a scientific model proposed for the general theory of decision-making, like all others in general, whether in statistics, economics, operations research, A.I., data science or applied mathematics, regardless of whether they are time-dependent, have in common a theoretical basis that is axiomatized by relying on related concepts of a universe of possibles, especially the so-called universe (or the world), the state of nature (or the state of the world), when formulated explicitly. The issue of where to stand as an observer or a decision-maker to reframe such a universe of possibles together with a partition structure of knowledge (i.e. semantic formalisms), including a copy of itself as it was initially while generalizing it, is not addressed. Memory being the substratum, whether human or artificial, wherein everything stands, to date, even the theoretical possibility of such an operation of self-inclusion is prohibited by pure mathematics. We make this blind spot come to light through a counter-example (namely Archimedes’ Eureka experiment) and explore novel theoretical foundations, fitting better with a quantum form than with fuzzy modeling, to deal with more than a reference universe of possibles. This could open up a new path of investigation for the general theory of decision-making, as well as for Artificial Intelligence, often considered as the science of the imitation of human abilities, while being also the science of knowledge representation and the science of concept formation and reasoning.

How time-inconsistent preferences influence venture capital exit decisions?A new perspective for grandstanding

Considering that the assumption of time consistency does not adequately reveal the mechanisms of exit decisions of venture capital(VC),this study proposes two kinds of time-inconsistent preferences(i.e.,time-flow inconsistency and time-point incon-sistency)to advance research in this field.Time-flow inconsistency is in line with the previous time inconsistency literature,while time-point inconsistency is rooted in the VC fund’s finite lifespan.Based on the assumption about the strategies guiding future behaviors,we consider four types of venture capitalists:time-consistent,time-point-inconsistent,naïve,and sophisticated venture capitalists,of which the latter three are time-inconsistent.We derive and compare the exit thresholds of these four types of venture capitalists.The main results include:(1)time-inconsistent preferences acceler-ate the exits of venture capitalists;(2)the closer the VC funds expiry dates are,t`he more likely time-inconsistent venture capitalists are to accelerate their exits;and(3)future selves caused by time-flow inconsistency weaken the effect of time-point inconsist-ency.Our study provides a behavioral explanation for the empirical fact of young VCs’grandstanding.

On the organizational slack and the choice of the technological innovation strategy in Chinese enterprises

This paper analyzed the relationship between organizational slack and technological innovation strategy in Chinese enterprises through building mathematic model and real options approach. The results show the organizational slack that explored and employed reached to a critical point and can promote enterprises to choose the independent innovation strategy based on R & D (Research and Development); And it is important to identify,explore and employ organizational slack correctly for strengthening the organizational independent innovation capability and raising its performance when the technological innovation strategy based on technological introduction is more and more difficult.

环境扫描、机会窗口与后发企业颠覆性创新模式选择——基于吉利和比亚迪的案例研究

[研究目的]快速变化的技术环境和丰富多样的市场需求,为后发企业提供了实施颠覆性赶超的机会,如何辨识和把握外部环境机会窗口并能否契合组织内部动态能力转化为创新决策和行动是企业成败的关键。[研究方法]该文通过对浙江吉利控股集团有限公司和深圳比亚迪股份有限公司的双案例对比分析,探讨环境扫描对企业识别外部环境多重机会窗口的意义及企业内部环境与机会窗口的适配性对于企业进行颠覆性创新模式选择的重要性。[研究结论]研究发现:面对不确定性激增的商业世界,战略决策前的环境扫描可以帮助后发企业有效识别技术机会窗口、需求机会窗口及制度机会窗口,而企业内部环境的充分考量有利于后发企业将自身优势最大化,从而成功实现颠覆性创新。

基于颠覆性技术创新项目评价及立项决策模型的研究

为实现我国颠覆性技术创新项目的精准遴选,促进颠覆性创新产业的培育发展,在分析梳理国内外关于颠覆性技术创新项目遴选、立项决策管理方面研究的基础上,分析对比颠覆性技术创新项目与一般科技计划项目的特征属性差异,借鉴海尔迈耶问题的做法,结合当前政策导向,针对颠覆性技术具有隐蔽性、破坏性、不确定性的特征属性,提出相应的项目遴选角度和评审标准的思路,并利用层次分析法构建颠覆性技术创新项目立项评价的三级指标体系。从项目影响力、项目可能性两方面构建颠覆性技术创新项目的决策矩阵模型,为颠覆性创新项目立项决策提供判断依据。

跨界团队网络特征对其颠覆性创新绩效的影响研究

跨界团队在企业等创新主体开展颠覆性创新活动中发挥重要作用,而运用机器学习方法识别其网络特征与颠覆性创新绩效之间殊途同归的组态路径是一个亟待解决的重要问题。本文基于Incopat专利检索平台无人机领域139999条专利数据,采用社区发现算法在专利发明人合作关系数据中识别185个跨界团队,依据社会网络理论遴选跨界团队网络特征变量,利用k-means聚类算法对跨界团队进行类型划分,并运用决策树CART(classification and regression trees)算法挖掘不同类型跨界团队网络特征对其颠覆性创新绩效的影响。研究结果表明,①跨界团队共有二元合作、类完全合作和复杂合作3种合作类型,不同跨界团队类型对颠覆性创新绩效影响具有差异性,即类完全合作团队高颠覆性创新绩效占比最高,二元合作团队高颠覆性创新绩效占比最低;②合作强度具有普适性,它是影响不同跨界团队形成不同水平颠覆性创新绩效的核心因素;③合作强度正向影响二元合作团队颠覆性创新绩效,类完全合作团队的颠覆性创新绩效受聚集系数、合作强度与团队规模的共同影响,而对于合作强度较高的复杂合作团队而言,保持较低的网络密度有利于其提升颠覆性创新绩效。

CEO职业视野与企业创新——基于实物期权与企业行为的理论视角

在创新驱动的背景下,CEO职业视野影响企业战略选择的灵活性,从而使得企业之间具有差异化的创新战略。利用2009—2019年沪深A股上市公司的数据,基于实物期权理论和企业行为理论,实证检验了CEO职业视野对企业创新的影响机制。研究发现,CEO职业视野越长远,企业创新水平越高,尤其表现为企业发明专利申请数的显著增加;当企业面临严峻内部经营困境(历史期望落差大)和高外部动态环境压力(经济政策不确定性高)时,会强化具有长远职业视野的CEO对企业创新的正向影响。异质性分析表明,在处于成长期企业和非国企的样本中上述关系更为明显。

同群效应下的企业创新决策:理性预期或参考点依赖

研究企业在同群效应下会积极创新还是保守创新,有助于制定相关政策,以激发企业创新活力、优化群体创新环境。构建理论模型、结合实证检验,研究同群效应下的企业创新决策,发现同群效应下的企业创新决策表现为参考点依赖。前期创新投入与同群企业距离越远,企业创新积极性越高;创新成功率低于同群企业越多,企业创新积极性越高。随着创新成功率差值变化,投入距离对创新积极性的影响存在门槛效应。通过工具变量、替换变量、更换样本、重新划分群体等方法证明了结论稳健。进一步分析发现,在信息质量更差、竞争强度更大的群体中,企业的参考点依赖倾向更强。

复杂产品企业主导产学研深度融合策略博弈

基于创新行为决策学说,提出研发服务协议发挥效力时的温和型融合策略,基于“奖罚兼顾”的协同管理理论,对产学研道德风险存在下的4种深度融合创新均衡进行多维度估测研判。温和解或聚点行为对深度融合系统获益及公正性都极为不利,相比负向的三方非合作模式及保障举措,若支付可以被无任何附加条件地流转,则跨机构深度融合创新系统的总收益最优。从议价行为设计、平台化运作方面提出了复杂产品系统研制企业主导下三方深度融合创新系统强化策略。

产品共创视角下考虑消费者参与创新的供应链定价与协调

随着互联网技术的发展以及后现代主义消费意识的形成,产品共创已经成为市场中越来越多企业的共同选择。在产品共创视角下,以单制造商和单零售商组成的二级供应链为背景,构建供应链集中式决策模型和分散式决策模型,比较分析两种模型下消费者参与制造商产品创新的程度与制造商促使消费者参与的能力水平两个变量对供应链各成员定价决策的影响,并采用两部定价、收益共享以及成本共担三种协调机制对供应链进行协调。研究表明,当消费者参与产品创新的程度不大于某一阈值时,产品最优售价、需求量以及供应链总利润均与消费者参与产品创新的程度以及制造商促使消费者参与的能力水平呈同向变动关系;两部定价、收益共享以及成本共担三种协调机制均可实现供应链帕累托改进,而且相较于其余两种协调机制,两部定价契约对供应链的协调效果更为明显。

Innovation attributes and managers'decisions about the adoption of innovations in organizations:A meta-analytical review

The adoption of innovations has emerged as one of the dominant research topic in the management of innovations in organizations,though investigations often yield mixed results.To help managers and researchers improve the effectiveness of their efforts,the authors employed meta-analysis integrated by structural equation modeling to analyze the associations between the attributes of innovations,behavioral preferences of managers and organizations'innovation adoption decisions in a mediated-moderated framework.Our findings offer evidences that attributes of innovations influence behavioral preferences of managers and,in turn,adoption decisions in organizations.We also observe that the context in which the adoption decision takes place and the research settings employed by scholars matter.Finally,the theoretical contribution and practical implications of our meta-analytical results are discussed.

长短期财政政策不确定性、企业创新决策与全要素生产率

笔者通过构建包含财政政策反应函数的成分GARCH模型测度了长期和短期财政政策不确定性,基于中国A股上市公司的面板数据推断了长期和短期财政政策不确定性对全要素生产率的因果效应,并从理论和实证角度分析内在作用机制。研究发现:长期和短期财政政策不确定性对全要素生产率的影响方向不同,长期财政政策不确定性有利于全要素生产率提升,短期财政政策不确定性则降低全要素生产率。其中,企业创新决策是长短期财政政策不确定性影响全要素生产率的重要机制,长期财政政策不确定性鼓励企业选择增加创新的决策,而短期财政政策不确定性导致企业选择推迟创新的决策。短期财政政策不确定性对非国有企业全要素生产率的负面影响更大,而长期财政政策不确定性对不同所有权属性企业全要素生产率的影响无差异。

物联网环境下的智能辅助决策系统设计与优化研究

文章旨在开发一套基于物联网环境的智能辅助决策系统,利用山东工艺美术学院丰富的数据资源,为教学、科研和人才培养等方面提供科学准确的决策支持。通过实时采集多源数据、智能分析和快速反馈,提高高校教育管理决策的质量和效率。

基于EDAS的高端装备制造业协同创新伙伴选择

伴随市场环境的复杂多变,高端装备制造业必须通过协同创新来增强技术实力及提高创新成效,其中伙伴选择是其实现创新的关键一步。首先,分析总结伙伴选择评价指标相关文献,并结合高端装备制造业协同创新发展需求,从互补性、兼容性、创新资源、创新能力、创新环境、声誉与信任及技术水平这7个维度,建立了高端装备制造业协同创新伙伴选择指标体系;然后,考虑到高端装备制造业的复杂性及专家评价的模糊性,在概率犹豫模糊环境下,构建基于可能度的平均解距离法(evaluation based on distance from average solution,EDAS)群决策评价模型,并将其应用到该指标体系下的协同创新伙伴选择中;最后,通过一个算例,对该研究方法加以验证,为高端装备制造业进行协同创新伙伴选择提供一定的参考。

颠覆性创新中政府、企业与消费者三方的博弈关系和决策演化机制

颠覆性创新需要政府、企业、消费者的共同参与和深度协作,厘清三方主体在颠覆性创新中的博弈关系和决策演化机制是进一步优化颠覆性创新环境、推动企业开展颠覆性创新的关键问题。然而现有颠覆性创新研究主要聚焦于技术突破层面,未把颠覆性创新置于真实的市场环境下,普遍忽略了消费者这一关键核心要素。因此,基于博弈论构建政府、企业、消费者三方的颠覆性技术创新决策动态演化博弈矩阵,综合考量三方的协同与竞争关系,并结合数值仿真阐释三方博弈策略演化过程,探讨3个关键变量——增加的政府补贴总额、企业挪用政府补贴用于渐进性创新需要付出的额外损失、企业颠覆性创新成功概率,剖析不同博弈主体在颠覆性创新中的策略选择、演化趋势和稳定条件。结果表明:短期内少量政府补贴能够刺激企业开展颠覆性创新,但长期性、大力度补贴容易导致企业对公共资源产生依赖,并增加投机风险,同时政府在支持颠覆性创新上相较于企业具有更大的试错空间,但也需要承担补贴带来的财政压力;消费者需求对颠覆性创新具有决定性作用,消费者认可的产品能够对企业决策产生根本性影响。因此,政府应谨慎评估潜在颠覆性创新的机遇和风险,以营造良好创新环境为第一优先事项,充分发挥市场在颠覆性创新中的决定作用。