Rational design and synthesis of upconversion luminescence-based optomagnetic multifunctional nanorattles for drug delivery

Optomagnetic multifunctional composite based on upconversion luminescence nanomaterial is regarded as a promising strategy for bioimaging,disease diagnosis and targeted delivery of drugs.To explore a mesoporous nanostructure with excellent water dispersibility and high drug-loading capacity,a novel nanorattle-structured Fe3O4@SiO2@NaYF4:Yb,Er magnetic upconversion nanorattle(MUCNR)was successfully designed by using Fe3O4 as core and NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals as shell.The microstructures and crystal phase of the as-prepared MUCNRs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy,Xray powder diffraction and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms.The Kirkendall effect was adapted to explain the formation mechanism of the MUCNRs.The loading content and encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin hydrochloride(DOX)could reach as high as 18.2%and 60.7%,respectively.Moreover,the DOX loading MUCNR(DOX-MUCNR)system showed excellent sustained drug release and strong p Hdependent performance,which was conducive to drug release at the slightly acidic microenvironment of tumor.Microcalorimetry was used to quantify the interactions between the carrier structure and drug release rate directly.The heat release rates in the heat-flow diagrams are basically consistent with the DOX release rate,thereby showing that microcalorimetry assay not only provides a unique thermodynamic explanation for the structure–activity relationship of Fe3O4@SiO2@NaYF4:Yb,Er MUCNRs but also provides powerful guidance to avoid the blind selection or design of drug carriers.Therefore,our work firmly provided a comprehensive perspective for using Fe3O4@SiO2@NaYF4:Yb,Er MUCNRs as a remarkable magnetic targeted drug carrier.

Synthesis of NaYF_(4):Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticle-based optomagnetic multifunctional composite for drug delivery system

Optomagnetic multifunctional composite has attracted much attention in recent years because of its promising application prospect in bioimaging,analysis,detection,disease diagnosis,and targeted drug delivery.To explore a dual-targeted therapy for cancer,a novel class of optomagnetic multifunctional composite(UCNP-Fe_(3)O_(4)@MSNs-FA)was successfully synthesized by using upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)as nucleus,embedding Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles into the SiO_(2)coating layer,and modifying the surface with folic acid(FA)to strengthen its tumor targeting performance.The properties of the composite were extensively studied.The obtained composite possesses excellent upconversion fluorescence,good dispersion,high specific surface area(229.347 m^(2)/g),and saturation magnetization value(10.9 A m^(2)/g).Its drug loading co ntent and encapsulation efficiency can reach as high as 14.2%and 47.3%,respectively,using doxorubicin hydrochloride(DOX)as model drug.The DOX-UCNP-Fe_(3)O_(4)@MSNs-FA system shows excellent sustained drug release and strong pH-dependent performance,in which the drug release would be accelerated at the slightly acidic microenvironment in the tumor;thus,the system can realize the targeted treatment of cancers.The viability of L929 cells demonstrates the good biocompatibility of the composite.Furthermore,DOX-UCNP-Fe_(3)O_(4)@MSNs-FA exhibits specific cytotoxicity to folate receptor(FR)positive tumor cells,whereas DOX has weak toxicity to FR-negative cells.Therefore,the as-prepared UCNP-Fe_(3)O_(4)@MSNs-FA can potentially be used as an anti-cancer targeted drug delivery system and enhance the therapeutic efficacy against FR-positive tumor cells.

Recent progress on optomagnetic coupling and optical manipulation based on cavity-optomagnonics

Recently,the photon–magnon coherent interaction based on the collective spins excitation in ferromagnetic materials has been achieved experimentally.Under the prospect,the magnons are proposed to store and process quantum information.Meanwhile,cavity-optomagnonics which describes the interaction between photons and magnons has been developing rapidly as an interesting topic of the cavity quantum electrodynamics.Here in this short review,we mainly introduce the recent theoretical and experimental progress in the field of optomagnetic coupling and optical manipulation based on cavity-optomagnonics.According to the frequency range of the electromagnetic field,cavity optomagnonics can be divided into microwave cavity optomagnonics and optical cavity optomagnonics,due to the different dynamics of the photon–magnon interaction.As the interaction between the electromagnetic field and the magnetic materials is enhanced in the cavity-optomagnonic system,it provides great significance to explore the nonlinear characteristics and quantum properties for different magnetic systems.More importantly,the electromagnetic response of optomagnonics covers the frequency range from gigahertz to terahertz which provides a broad frequency platform for the multi-mode controlling in quantum systems.