Changes of ghrelin following oral glucose tolerance test in obese children with insulin resistance

AIM： To characterize changes in ghrelin levels in response to oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） and to correlate changes in ghrelin levels with changes in insulin and glucose following OGTT in Chinese obese children of Tanner Ⅰ and Ⅱ stage with insulin resistance. METHODS： 22 obese children with insulin resistance state were divided into four groups according to their Tanner stage and gender： boys of Tanner Ⅰ （fir- Ⅰ ）, boys of Tanner Ⅱ（BT-Ⅱ ）, girls of Tanner Ⅰ （GT- Ⅰ ）, girls of Tanner Ⅱ （GT-Ⅱ）. Ghrelin, insulin and glucose were measured at 0, 30, 60 and 120 rain following OGTT. The control children with normal BMI were divided into control boys of Tanner Ⅰ （CBT- Ⅰ, n = 6）, control boys of Tanner Ⅱ （CBT-Ⅱ, n = 5）, control girls of Tanner Ⅰ （CGT- Ⅰ, n = 6）, control girls of Tanner Ⅱ （CGT-Ⅱ, n = 5）. Fasting serum ghrelin levels were analyzed. RESULTS： Ghrelin levels were lower in obese groups. Ghrelin levels of control group decreased in Tanner Ⅱ stage （CGT- Ⅰ vs CGT-Ⅱ t = -4.703, P = 0.001; CBT- Ⅰ vs CBT- Ⅱ t = -4.794, P = 0.001）. Basal ghrelin levels in fir-Ⅱ decreased more significantly than that in BT- Ⅰ group （t = 2.547, P = 0.029）. Ghrelin levels expressed a downward trend after OGTT among obese children. The decrease in ghrelin levels at 60 min with respect to basal values was 56.9% in BT- Ⅰ. Ghrelin concentrations at 0 min correlated directly with glucose level at 0 min in fir- Ⅰ （r = 0.898, P = 0.015）. There wasn＇t a significant correlation of ghrelin changes with glucose changes and insulin changes during OGTT in obese children with insulin resistance. CONCLUSION： In conclusion, in obese children with insulin resistance, ghrelin levels decreased with advancing pubertal stage. Ghrelin secretion suppression following OGTT was influenced by gender and pubertal stage. Baseline ghrelin levels and ghrelin suppression after OGTT did not significantly correlate with the degree of insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity.

Oral glucose tolerance test in diabetes,the old method revisited

The oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)has been widely used both in clinics and in basic research for a long time.It is applied to diagnose impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus in individuals.Additionally,it has been employed in research to investigate glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity in animals.The main aim of each was quite different,and the details are also somewhat varied.However,the time or duration of the OGTT was the same,using the 2-h post-glucose load glycemia in both,following the suggestions of the American Diabetes Association.Recently,the use of 30-min or 1-h post-glucose load glycemia in clinical practice has been recommended by several studies.In this review article,we describe this new view and suggest perspectives for the OGTT.Additionally,quantification of the glucose curve in basic research is also discussed.Unlike in clinical practice,the incremental area under the curve is not suitable for use in the studies involving animals receiving repeated treatments or chronic treatment.We discuss the potential mechanisms in detail.Moreover,variations between bench and bedside in the application of the OGTT are introduced.Finally,the newly identified method for the OGTT must achieve a recommendation from the American Diabetes Association or another official unit soon.In conclusion,we summarize the recent reports regarding the OGTT and add some of our own perspectives,including machine learning and others.

Utility of oral glucose tolerance test in predicting type 2 diabetes following gestational diabetes:Towards personalized care

BACKGROUND Women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)are at a seven-fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes(T2D)within 7-10 years after childbirth,compared with those with normoglycemic pregnancy.Although raised fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels has been said to be the main significant predictor of postpartum progression to T2D,it is difficult to predict who among the women with GDM would develop T2D.Therefore,we conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study to examine the glycemic indices that can predict postnatal T2D in Emirati Arab women with a history of GDM.AIM To assess how oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)can identify the distinct GDM pathophysiology and predict possible distinct postnatal T2D subtypes.METHODS The glycemic status of a cohort of 4603 pregnant Emirati Arab women,who delivered in 2007 at both Latifa Women and Children Hospital and at Dubai Hospital,United Arab Emirates,was assessed retrospectively,using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups(IADPSG)criteria.Of the total,1231 women were followed up and assessed in 2016.The FBG and/or the 2-h blood glucose(2hrBG)levels after a 75-g glucose load were measured to assess the prevalence of GDM and T2D,according to the IADPSG and American Diabetes Association(ADA)criteria,respectively.The receiver operating characteristic curve for the OGTT was plotted and sensitivity,specificity,and predictive values of FBG and 2hrBG for T2D were determined.RESULTS Considering both FBG and 2hrBG levels,according to the IADPSG criteria,the prevalence of GDM in pregnant Emirati women in 2007 was 1057/4603(23%),while the prevalence of pre-pregnancy T2D among them,based on ADA criteria,was 230/4603(5%).In the subset of women(n=1231)followed up in 2016,the prevalence of GDM in 2007 was 362/1231(29.6%),while the prevalence of prepregnancy T2D was 36/1231(2.9%).Of the 362 pregnant women with GDM in 2007,96/362(26.5%)developed T2D;142/362(39.2%)developed impaired fasting glucose;29/362(8.0%)developed impaired glucose tolerance,and the remaining 95/362(26.2%)had normal glycemia in 2016.The prevalence of T2D,based on ADA criteria,stemmed from the prevalence of 36/1231(2.9%)in 2007 to 141/1231(11.5%),in 2016.The positive predictive value(PPV)for FBG suggests that if a woman tested positive for GDM in 2007,the probability of developing T2D in 2016 was approximately 24%.The opposite was observed when 2hrBG was used for diagnosis.The PPV value for 2hrBG suggests that if a woman was positive for GDM in 2007 then the probability of developing T2D in 2016 was only 3%.CONCLUSION FBG and 2hrBG could predict postpartum T2D,following antenatal GDM.However,each test reflects different pathophysiology and possible T2D subtype and could be matched with a relevant T2D prevention program.

Repetitiveness of the oral glucose tolerance test in children and adolescents

BACKGROUND Data regarding the most suitable diagnostic method for the diagnosis of glucose impairment in asymptomatic children and adolescents are inconclusive.Furthermore,limited data are available on the reproducibility of the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)in children and adolescents who are obese(OB).AIM To investigate the usefulness of the OGTT as a screening method for glucose dysregulation in children and adolescents.METHODS Eighty-one children and adolescents,41 females,either overweight(OW),OB or normal weight(NW)but with a strong positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),were enrolled in the present observational study from the Outpatient Clinic of Paediatric Endocrinology of the University Hospital of Patras in Greece.One or two 3-h OGTTs were performed and glucose,insulin and Cpeptide concentrations were measured at several time points(t=0 min,t=15 min,t=30 min,t=60 min,t=90 min,t=120 min,t=180 min).RESULTS Good repetitiveness was observed in the OGTT response with regard to T2DM,while low repetitiveness was noted in the OGTT response with regard to impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)and no repetitiveness with regard to impaired fasting glucose(IFG).In addition,no concordance was observed between IFG and IGT.During the 1st and 2nd OGTTs,no significant difference was found in the glucose concentrations between NW,OW and OB patients,whereas insulin and C-peptide concentrations were higher in OW and OB compared to NW patients at several time points during the OGTTs.Also,OW and OB patients showed a worsening insulin and C-peptide response during the 2nd OGTT as compared to the 1st OGTT.CONCLUSION In mild or moderate disorders of glucose metabolism,such as IFG and IGT,a diagnosis may not be reached using only one OGTT,and a second test or additional investigations may be needed.When glucose metabolism is profoundly impaired,as in T2DM,one OGTT is probably more reliable and adequate for establishing the diagnosis.Excessive weight and/or a positive family history of T2DM possibly affect the insulin and C-peptide response in the OGTT from a young age.

Subclinical abnormal glucose tolerance is a predictor of death in liver cirrhosis

AIM: To determine if subclinical abnormal glucose tolerance (SAGT) has influence on survival of non-diabetic patients with liver cirrhosis.

Responses to oral glucose challenge differ by physical activity volume and intensity: A pilot study

Background:One-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Physical activity(PA)has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response.This study compared the oral glucose tolerance test results of 3 groups of people with habitually different levels of PA.Methods:Thirty-one adults without diabetes(age 25.9±6.6 years;body mass index 23.8±3.8 kg/m^2;mean±SD)were recruited and divided into 3 groups based on self-reported PA volume and intensity:low activity<30 min/day of moderate-intensity activity(n=11),moderately active≥30 min/day of moderate-intensity PA(n=10),and very active≥60 min/day of PA at high intensity(n=10).Participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test(50 g glucose)with capillary blood samples obtained at baseline,15 min,30 min,45 min,60 min,90 min,and 120 min post-ingestion.Results:There were no significant differences between groups for age or body fat percentage or glycated hemoglobin(p>0.05).The groups were significantly different in terms of baseline glucose level(p=0.003)and,marginally,for gender(p=0.053)and BMI(p=0.050).There was a statistically significant effect of PA on the 1-h postprandial glucose results(p=0.029),with differences between very active and low activity groups(p=0.008)but not between the moderately active and low activity groups(p=0.360),even when baseline glucose level and gender differences were accounted for.For incremental area under the curve there was no significant effect of activity group once gender and body fat percentage had been accounted for(p=0.401).Those in the low activity group took 15 min longer to reach peak glucose level than those in the very active group(p=0.012).Conclusion:The results suggest that high levels of PA have a beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose profiles when compared to low and moderate levels of activity.

The role of oral glucose tolerance test in screening for diabetes mellitus in the elderly of Harbin, China

Though diabetes is common worldwide, the proportion of cases diagnosed is not high. Nearly fifty percent of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in US are undiagnosed.~1 The ratio might be higher in China. It has been suggested that diabetes may be present 4 to 7 years before diagnosis.~2 (Many of) the complications appear to be present at the time of diagnosis of the diabetic status.~1 (Screening for) diabetes in early stage of diabetes is thus a worthwhile exercise.

Anti-hyperglycemic effects of aqueous Lenzites betulina extracts from the Philippines on the blood glucose levels of the ICR mice(Mus musculus)

Objective: To examine the anti-hyperglycemic effects of aqueous Lenzites betulina(L. betulina) extracts on normoglycemic glucose-loaded mice.Methods: Different doses of aqueous extract from L. betulina were administered to 45 ICR mice(Mus musculus) to determine whether there was an effect of L. betulina extracts on the blood glucose level of the ICR mice. Aqueous extracts of L. betulina were orally gavaged to mice using oral glucose tolerance test. A total of five groups were used to determine the effect of the fungi on blood glucose of the mice. Group A(positive control)was given 16.7 mg/kg glimepiride; Group B(negative control) was given distilled water;Group C(low dosage) was given 200 mg/kg aqueous extract; Group D(mid dosage) was given 400 mg/kg aqueous extract and Group E(high dosage) was given 800 mg/kg aqueous extract. Baseline blood glucose value was firstly acquired before induction of hyperglycemia through D-glucose, after which another check on blood glucose was made after 0.5 h. Immediately, after the acquisition of hyperglycemic blood glucose level, the individual administration of treatments were done. After that, three blood collections were done spanning 3 h with 1 h interval.Results: The low dose(200 mg/kg) and the mid dose(400 mg/kg) of L. betulina extracts were significantly different(P < 0.05) from their respective baseline values throughout the whole experiment with the latter surpassing its baseline value during the 3rd hour. On the other hand, the high dose(800 mg/kg) during the 1st hour after administration was not significantly different(P > 0.05) from its corresponding baseline value, acting faster than the positive control(glimepiride), which only became significantly different(P < 0.05) at the 2nd hour.Conclusions: Aqueous L. betulina extract is able to produce hypoglycemic effects on the mice with all doses, which are able to normalize blood glucose levels at varying times.

妊娠期糖尿病患者OGTT不同时点血糖值异常与新生儿脑损伤关系

目的:探究GDM孕妇口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)不同时点血糖值异常与新生儿脑损伤关系。方法:回顾性纳入2022年2月—2022年9月在本院分娩的76例GDM孕妇为GDM组,健康分娩孕妇50例为对照组,产后均行新生儿行为神经测定(NBNA评分)判断是否出现脑损伤,比较两组新生儿NBNA评分及脑损伤发生率。GDM孕妇依据OGTT异常时点项目数分组,比较且新生儿NBNA评分及脑损伤发生率及相关性。结果:GDM组新生儿总NBNA评分(35.5±1.3分)均低于对照组(36.5±1.5分),脑损伤发生率(17.1%)高于对照组(4.0%)(均P<0.05);GDM孕妇新生儿服糖前、服糖后1h与2h血糖异常率分别为77.6%、55.3%、38.2%,具备1、2、3个时点项目血糖异常者占比分别为48.7%、31.6%、19.7%;随着血糖异常时点数增加,新生儿NBNA评分逐渐下降(P<0.05),血糖异常1个时点孕妇新生儿脑损伤发生率低于3个时点孕妇(2.7%比24.8%)(P<0.05);GDM孕妇服糖1h后血糖正常与异常者其新生儿一般情况、被动肌张力、行为能力等NBNA评分及脑损伤发生率存在差异(P<0.05),多元线性回归分析显示孕妇服糖1h后血糖异常与新生儿一般情况、被动肌张力、行为能力评分正相关(P<0.05)。结论:GDM孕妇OGTT不同时点血糖值异常与新生儿脑损伤具相关性,应该视孕妇OGTT每一项时点血糖值异常,及时诊断与干预,尽量避免新生儿脑损伤发生。

口服葡萄糖耐量试验1h血糖对糖尿病前期的诊断和鉴别价值

目的:探讨口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)1 h血糖对糖尿病前期的诊断和鉴别价值。方法:收集2019年6月至2022年6月于北京中医药大学东直门医院门诊及住院行OGTT的受试者1 206例,其中血糖正常412例,糖尿病前期358例,糖尿病436例。比较3组OGTT不同时点血糖与空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞分泌功能指数(HOMA-β)水平;采用ROC曲线分析OGTT 1 h血糖对糖尿病前期的诊断和鉴别价值。结果:3组OGTT各时点血糖均为糖尿病组>糖尿病前期组>血糖正常组(P<0.05)。FPG、HOMA-IR糖尿病组>糖尿病前期组>血糖正常组,FINS、HOMA-β糖尿病组<糖尿病前期组<血糖正常组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,OGTT 1 h血糖诊断糖尿病前期的AUC(95%CI)为0.758(0.724~0.792),以敏感度最大选取最佳切点值,该值为9.35 mmol/L,此时敏感度为0.701,特异度为0.709;OGTT 1 h血糖对糖尿病和糖尿病前期鉴别的AUC(95%CI)为0.956(0.942~0.969),以敏感度最大选取最佳切点值,该值为12.55 mmol/L,此时敏感度为0.901,特异度为0.908。结论:OGTT 1 h血糖对糖尿病前期具有一定的诊断和鉴别价值。

孕中期GDM患者血清Afamin和SFRP5水平及临床价值分析

目的分析孕中期妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者血清α清蛋白(Afamin)和分泌型卷曲相关蛋白5(SFRP5)水平及临床价值。方法选取2019年8月至2021年8月河北省秦皇岛市海港医院120例定期产检并分娩的孕妇为研究对象,其中GDM孕妇50例为GDM组,非GDM孕妇70例为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测两组血清Afamin和SFRP5水平;采用口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)检测OGTT 1 h血糖(1 h PG)、OGTT 2 h血糖(2 h PG);检测空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平;分析Afamin、SFRP5与糖代谢指标之间的相关性;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估Afamin、SFRP5单独及联合检测对GDM的诊断价值;分析不同Afamin、SFRP5水平孕妇不良妊娠结局发生情况。结果GDM组FPG、1 h PG、2 h PG、HbA1c和FINS水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);GDM组Afamin水平明显高于对照组,SFRP5水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Afamin水平与FPG、1 h PG、2 h PG、HbA1c和FINS水平呈正相关(P<0.05);SFRP5水平与FPG、1 h PG、2 h PG、HbA1c和FINS水平呈负相关(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清Afamin和SFRP5单独及联合检测诊断GDM的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.747、0.642、0.872,且联合检测的灵敏度为89.3%,特异度为77.9%,联合检测的AUC明显大于单独检测的AUC,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以所有孕妇的Afamin、SFRP5水平均值为界,分为高Afamin组、低Afamin组,以及高SFRP5组、低SFRP5组,高Afamin组母婴不良妊娠结局发生率高于低Af amin组,低SFRP5组母婴不良妊娠结局发生率高于高SFRP5组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Afamin和SFRP5作为诊断GDM的生物标志物具有良好的效能,在临床上可以预测GDM的发展趋势和不良妊娠结局的风险。

Difference between 2 h and 3 h 75 g glucose tolerance test in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM):Results from a national survey on prevalence of GDM

The possibility of the 2 h oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)as an alternative to the 3 h OGTT was investigated based on data from a national survey on pregnancy-associated diabetes.Data were retrieved from 4179 pregnant women who had OGTT performed after an abnormal 50 g glucose challenge test(GCT).All of the 4 glucose levels during their OGTT were collected and analyzed.According to American Diabetes Association(ADA)gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)diagnostic criteria,among the 4179 pregnant women who required OGTT,3429(82.1%)were normal and 750(17.9%)were diagnosed as GDM.If the 3rd h glucose levels were omitted from OGTT,79 cases of GDM(10.5%)would be overlooked.No trend was shown where women with more risk factors were more likely to be overlooked if the 3rd h test was omitted(χ^(2) for trend=0.038,P>0.05).No significant differences were found in the rate of cesarean section(CS),preterm births or macrosomia between the 79 cases and those with normal OGTT results and in the gestational weeks when OGTT was performed.It shows that in order to diagnose one woman with GDM,another 52 pregnant women would have an innocent 3rd h glucose test.Omission of the 3rd h glucose test in OGTT might be reasonable due to its convenience,better compliance and a small number of possibly miss-diagnosed cases,and their pregnancy outcomes have no significant difference from those of normal pregnant women.

对OGTT60分钟时相高血糖老年男性患者的7年随访与转归

目的了解口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）检查时仅显示60分钟时高血糖（1hHG）患者的临床特征和转归。方法对连续7年在我院门诊行糖尿病（DM）普查时行OGTT的老年男性人群中空腹和服糖后2h血糖正常、仅服糖后1h血糖≥11．1mmol／L（OGTT-1hHG）的189患者进行随访，记录相关临床资料（包括高血压、冠心病、脑血管病等相关病史、BMI、血脂等检测指标）和每1～2年复查OGTT的情况，对可能的影响因素进行分析。结果随诊中，由OGTT-1hHG转为DM者19例（10．1％），转为糖耐最低减（IGT）者78例（41．3％），转为正常糖耐量（NGT）者2例（1．1％），保持OGTT-1hHG状态者90例（47．6％）。较同期检出IGT转为DM（21．1％）者比率低（x^2=13．05，P〈0．01），转为NGT者（0．4％）比例略高（x^2=2．46，P〉o．05）。OGTT-1hHG组合并高血压、冠心病、脑血管病及高甘油三酯血症的比例均高于NGT组（P〈0．05），与IGT组相似。结论OGTT-1h高血糖作为OGTT异常的一种特殊表现形式，是糖代谢异常的一个组成部分，其中约1／2将转为DM或IGT，也具有较多血管病变的危险因素，是一个应该关注的人群。

1100～1700nm近红外光谱无创血糖测量的OGTT实验研究

在近红外无创血糖测量的研究中 ,保证校正集模型数据的可靠性和所需的数据量具有极其重要的意义。本研究采用蠕动泵取血的 OGTT(口服葡萄糖耐量试验 )实验方法为校正集模型获取足够多的可靠血糖浓度参考值 ,并在 110 0～ 170 0 nm近红外 AOTF(声光可调谐滤波器 )分光系统基础上构建了无创血糖检测系统。利用该系统和实验方法对 3例志愿者进行实验 ,结果表明 ,建立单次实验的 PL S(偏最小二乘 )校正集模型 ,其相关系数分别为 0 .986、0 .971、0 .985 ,完全交互验证下的 RMSEP(预测均方根误差 )分别为 0 .5 5 0、0 .4 5 6、0 .5 2 0 mm ol/ l。此外 ,随着有效数据量增加 ,所建立模型的预测误差减小。

不同孕前BMI孕妇OGTT特点及与GDM检出率的关系

目的探讨不同孕前身体质量指数(BMI)水平孕妇葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)血糖值的特点,并分析不同孕前BMI与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)检出率的相关性。方法回顾性收集2015年1月至2017年12月在海南省海口市妇幼保健院住院分娩并接受75g OGTT的4 898例孕妇作为研究对象,并按照孕前BMI水平分为轻体质量(BMI<18.5kg/m2)、正常体质量(BMI 18.5~23.9kg/m2)、超重(BMI 24.0~27.9kg/m2)和肥胖(BMI≥18.5kg/m2)4组,比较不同孕前BMI水平孕妇75g OGTT血糖值,计算GDM的检出率,分析不同孕前BMI水平与GDM检出率的相关关系。结果 GDM检出率为22.5%(1 102/4 898),轻体质量、正常体质量、超重、肥胖4组GDM检出率分别为:13.3%、20.7%、31.6%、39.2%,随着孕前BMI的上升,GDM的检出率也呈明显上升趋势(χ趋势2=110.175,P<0.001)。轻体质量、正常体质量、超重、肥胖各组孕妇随着孕前BMI的上升,OGTT不同时点(空腹OGTT、OGTT 1h、OGTT 2h)血糖值均呈明显上升趋势(F值分别为92.835、64.455、36.855,均P<0.05);超重组与肥胖组孕妇不同时点(空腹OGTT、OGTT 1h、OGTT 2h)血糖值比较差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为-1.721、-1.316、-0.365,均P>0.05),但这两组孕妇不同时点(空腹OGTT、OGTT 1h、OGTT 2h)血糖值分别与轻体质量组和正常体质量组比较,差异均有统计学意义(超重组与轻体质量组、正常体质量组比较:t值分别为14.075、14.583、9.769、13.650、9.990、6.743,均P<0.05;肥胖组与轻体质量组、正常体质量组比较:t值分别为16.214、15.321、10.187、14.110、10.152、7.589,均P<0.05)。孕前BMI值与血糖异常分组之间存在相关性(r=0.307,P=0.018),孕前BMI值与GDM检出率之间亦存在相关性(r=0.362,P<0.001)。结论随着孕前BMI的增加,孕妇GDM的检出率和OGTT有2项及以上异常者所占比例也相应增加。对于孕前体质量超重或肥胖的孕妇,更应当关注其GDM的发病风险。

OGTT正常、异常及糖尿病患者冠状动脉造影特征比较

目的观察口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)异常对冠心病患者冠脉病变特征的影响。方法对35例糖耐量异常(IGT)及空腹血糖受损(IFG)的冠心病患者的造影结果进行分析,并分析17例OGTT正常的冠心病患者及44例确诊糖尿病患者的冠脉造影结果。结果3组患者的3支病变的构成比有显著差异(P<0.05,P<0.01),远端小血管病变的发生率有显著差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论IGT(或IFG)患者在冠脉病变特征方面与OGTT正常者存在显著差异,而与糖尿病患者存在相似病变特征。

冠心病患者行OGTT试验及糖化血红蛋白检测的必要性研究

目的探讨冠心病患者入院后行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)及检测糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的必要性。方法收集10个月因怀疑冠心病而住院的心内科患者116例,住院期间行OGTT试验及冠脉造影并检测HbA1c,比较各组Gensini积分、糖化血红蛋白水平以及二者相关性。结果 OGTT试验发现84例(72.4%)糖代谢异常患者,但空腹血糖检查仅发现10例(9%)。比较三组之间的HbA1c及冠心病病变程度(Gensini积分),冠心病合并糖耐量异常组及冠心病合并糖尿病组分别同单纯冠心病组比较均具差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),冠心病合并糖耐量异常组及冠心病合并糖尿病组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而三组间的HbA1c与冠心病病变程度相关性良好(R=0.76,P<0.01)。结论对怀疑冠心病住院患者,单纯空腹血糖监测会漏诊大量糖代谢异常患者,冠心病住院患者多合并血糖代谢异常,入院常规的OGTT试验可帮助筛查和明确。HbA1c是冠心病的独立危险因素,入院后常规监测可帮助评估血糖控制情况及预后。

多次OGTT检查对高危孕妇产前诊断及母婴结局的影响

目的 研究行多次OGTT检查对高危孕妇产前诊断妊娠期糖尿病的临床应用价值,并探讨母婴结局。方法 简单随机选择2012年8~11月于湖南省妇幼保健院产科门诊行产前捡查的62例高危孕妇（观察组）,分别于孕24~28周及32~35周进行75 g口服葡萄糖量试验检查。选择同期未按照医嘱及时复查的高危孕妇39例为对照组,观察高危孕妇二次筛查妊娠期糖尿病的检出率及两组孕妇胎盘异常或早产、新生儿Apgar评分和住院时间。结果 高危孕妇二次葡萄糖筛查的检出率为16.13%（10/62）,明显高于首次葡萄糖筛查的检出率4.84%（3/62）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组新生儿Apgar评分为（8.89±0.06）分,高于对照组的（8.25±0.04）分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组产妇和婴儿平均住院时间为（6.12±0.08）d,低于对照组的（8.61±0.17）d,差异也有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 对高危孕妇增加二次葡萄糖筛查可以提高妊娠期糖尿病的检出率,为患者的早期诊断和治疗提供更合适的依据,明显改善母婴结局,适合临床推广应用。

循证护理解决OGTT应用静脉留置针采血发生堵管的实践及成效

目的探讨循证护理解决口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)应用静脉留置针法采血发生堵管的实践及成效。方法对2009年1-8月(循证护理实施前)静脉留置针法应用OGTT采血过程中堵管的情况进行原因分析,应用计算机网络检索有关文献,并对证据的真实性、可靠性及临床实用性做出评价,确定结论,制订防范对策,并将对策于2009年9月-2010年6月在静脉留置针法应用OGTT采血过程实施。比较循证护理前后两组患者堵管发生率。结果实施循证护理前后两组患者OGTT应用静脉留置针采血堵管率分别为9.0%和3.8%,两组比较,P﹤0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论循证护理能解决OGTT应用静脉留置针采血发生堵管问题,提高OGTT采血成功率,而且可丰富护士专业知识,进一步提高护士的专业技能。

甲状腺功能亢进症患者治疗前后血糖波动及胰岛素分泌特征的临床研究

目的采用动态监测系统评估甲状腺功能亢进症(以下简称甲亢)患者治疗前后血糖波动并观察胰岛素分泌的改变。方法选取江苏省南通市海门区人民医院确诊的30例甲亢患者,葡萄糖耐量试验、胰岛素释放试验及动态血糖监测,比较治疗前后患者血糖波动及评估胰岛素水平及胰岛素抵抗指数。结果甲亢治疗前,女性患者日间血糖波动幅度、最大血糖波动幅度、日间血糖平均绝对差、血糖标准差水平明显低于男性患者(P<0.05)。甲亢治疗后患者餐后1 h葡萄糖、餐后1 h胰岛素、餐后2 h胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数、血糖波动幅度(日间平均血糖度、最大血糖度、日间血糖平均绝对差、餐后血糖曲线下面积)低于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论甲亢患者的血糖波动较大,以餐后血糖升高为主,并发生胰岛素抵抗,且男性甲亢患者血糖波动更为显著。甲亢患者在经治疗后胰岛素抵抗程度、餐后血糖和血糖变异性等随着甲状腺功能的恢复而改善。