Exploring the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicine formulae:the disassembled prescriptions study

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has become very popular in the treatment of complex diseases worldwide in recent decades.Despite the promising performance of TCM,how herbs work synergistically in a formula and their therapeutic targets remain ambiguous.This largely limits the correct use and modernization of TCM formulas clinically.The study of disassembled prescriptions is important for investigating the compatibility theory of Chinese medicines.By dissecting the mechanisms of TCM formulae,the compatibility principles of some well-known formulae,such as Realgar-Indigo naturalis,have been elucidated to a certain extent.In this review,several common methods of disassembled prescription studies are summarized,including those of single herb or mineral,sub-prescription,active ingredients or effective parts,large formulae,and systems pharmacology studies,as well as the methods of grouping based on the properties or efficacy of Chinese medicines,in order to provide evidence for formulae study.Moreover,some challenges to be addressed in disassembled prescriptions studies have been identified in this review.

Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and herbs for the treatment of hypothyroidism:a narrative review

The increasing prevalence of hypothyroidism,which can cause endocrine dysfunction,abnormal neurological function,and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular injuries,poses serious health problems.Thyroid hormone supplementation constitutes the current main therapeutic method for hypothyroidism,yet it has many limitations and risks and is not suitable for everyone.Therefore,it is necessary to seek alternative and complementary treatment methods.It has been proven in practice that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)possesses multi-channel comprehensive characteristics for the treatment of hypothyroidism and has more advantages than single thyroid hormone supplementation.Through a comprehensive examination of existing literature about TCM efficacy in addressing hypothyroidism,we have meticulously consolidated the most recent research findings on prescriptions and herbal substances employed in the treatment of this condition.Furthermore,we have explicated their respective functions in the management of hypothyroidism,thereby offering valuable perspectives and recommendations for the prospective utilization of natural remedies in its treatment.

A study on the medication law of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in treating breast carbuncle based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary

Objective:Based on the database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,the prescription medication rules of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast carbuncle were explored by using the software of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(V2.5).Methods:To screen and retrieve the prescriptions for treating breast carbuncle in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,and data mining was carried out by using association rule algorithm,complex system entropy clustering and so on.Results:A total of 208 prescriptions which met the inclusion criteria were selected,involving 175 traditional Chinese medicines.Among them,23 medicines were found to be more than 21 times in the treatment of breast carbuncle.The nature of the medicine is mainly cold or warm,the flavour of the medicine is mainly bitter or sweet,most of them belong to the spleen,liver,stomach.15 commonly used drug combinations and 9 new prescriptions were obtained.Conclusion:The key pathogenesis of breast carbuncle is liver depression and Qi stagnation,stomach heat blocking collaterals,the treatment is mainly to clear heat and detoxify,regulate Qi to diffuse the knot,which provides reference for the choose of traditional Chinese medicine prescription in treating breast carbuncle.

The Characteristics of the Drug Composition in the Treatment of Insomnia by External Bath Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine

[Objectives]The research aimed to carry out a retrospective analysis on the characteristics of the drug composition in the treatment of insomnia by external bath prescription of traditional Chinese medicine,to provide ideas for the research and development of new Chinese medicine for insomnia.[Methods]The external bath prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine related to insomnia were collected,and the appearance frequency of drug was analyzed,and statistical analysis of drug with high appearance frequency was conducted.[Results]In the external bath prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine related to insomnia,the top ten herbs with high appearance frequency were as follows:Chaozaoren,Drgonsbones,Margaritifera,Yejiaoteng,Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus,Lilii Bulbus,Platycladi Semen,Poria,Coptidis Rhizoma,and Scutellariae Radix.According to the classification by efficacy,these herbs mostly have the effects of calming,nourishing and heat clearing.[Conclusions]Traditional Chinese medicine is most closely related to heart,kidney,liver and other viscera.Tranquilizing and sedative drugs should be chosen,which corresponds with the understanding on pathogenesis of insomnia in traditional Chinese medical science,and embodies the characteristics of external bath prescription of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia.

Clinical research progress of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eyes

Dry eye is a common and frequently occurring ophthalmology disease with complex etiology and easy recurrence.Oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristicsof high curative effect and little toxic and side effect in the treatment of dry eye.This paper collates the domestic reported clinical studies on the oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye,which are discussed from four aspects:special prescription for specific disease,addition and subtraction of main prescription,treatment based on syndrome differentiation and proprietary Chinese medicine.The curative effect and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye are demonstrated,providing a reference for the treatment of dry eye in the future.

Applicability of Zipfs Law in Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions

Objective Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescriptions have been used to cure diseases in China for thousands of years,in which many TCM herbs have no definite common quantity.Some key TCM herbs are commonly used and thus deserve in-depth investigations based on a more acceptable classification method.This study analyzes whether TCM prescriptions follow Zipf's law and attempts to obtain the thresholds of key TCM herbs based on the application of Zipfs law;Methods A total of 84,418 TCM prescriptions were collected and standardized.We tested whether Zipf's law and Zipfs distribution fit the Chinese herb distributions.A linear fitting experiment was performed to verify the relationship between the frequency distribution and frequency of TCM herbs.Results The distribution of TCM herbs in TCM prescriptions conformed to Zipf's law.Accordingly,the thresholds were obtained for the key TCM herbs.Conclusion The distribution of TCM herbs in TCM prescriptions follows Zipfs law.

Screening of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription for Treating Damp-heat Diarrhea of Piglets

[Objective] The paper was to explore the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on damp-heat diarrhea of piglets in summer.[Method] Three prescriptions were developed with a dozen of traditional Chinese medicines,and in vitro antibacterial test against swine standard Escherichia coli [O149：K91,K88 ac（C83907）] was conducted.Moreover,106 natural cases of diarrhea piglets caused by coinfection of damp-heat and E.coli through clinical and laboratory diagnosis were then treated.[Result] The oral liquids prepared by three traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions had certain antibacterial effect on standard pathogenic E.coli.Prescription 2 presented the strongest inhibitory effects on swine E.coli in vitro,with the MIC of 31.25 mg/m L.It had better therapeutic effect,and the effective rate reached 94.74%.[Conclusion] The prescription 2 mainly consisted of Coptis chinensis and Prunus mume might be effective in treatment of piglet diarrhea caused by damp heat and E.coli in clinic.

Prediction of the mechanism of prostate prescription Ⅰ in the treatment of chronic prostatitis based on integrative pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine

Objective:To investigate potential mechanism of Prostate prescriptionⅠin the treatment of chronic prostatitis based on integrated pharmacology.Methods:with the help of TCMIP,the effective compounds of Prostate prescriptionⅠwere screened,and the potential target database of Prostate prescriptionⅠwas established by using the target prediction function of TCMIP.Based on the Human Phenotype Ontology database and protein interaction network(PPI)database,the disease target of CP was identified and the target interaction network was constructed;Through the GO function analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the candidate targets,combined with Chinese and foreign literature studies to predict the potential Signaling pathway of Prostate prescriptionⅠin the treatment of CP.Results:79 effective compounds of Prostate prescriptionⅠexerted its effect on 33 targets through 11 pathways.Conclusion:Clinical efficacy of Prostate prescriptionⅠon CP may be reflected in antiinflammation and anti-tumor,cell metabolism,immune regulation,neuroregulation and so on.

Analysis of prescription rules in the treatment of diabetic heart disease based on traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system

Diabetes is a common clinical disease and has many complications,among which diabetic heart disease is the leading cause of death in diabetic patients.This article collected the prescriptions for the treatment of diabetic heart disease,and used the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system to explore the prescription formulation rules.Finally,we included 43 prescriptions for analysis.We found that the rules of formulas for treating diabetic heart disease are complex,but Chinese medicines in these formulas are mainly with the effects of nourishing Qi,nourishing Yin and activating blood circulation.At the same time,we obtained 3 new prescriptions and discussed the clinical rationality of the new prescriptions.The purpose of this article is to provide reference for clinical prescription in the treatment of diabetic heart disease and the development of related new drugs.

Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Prescription and Traditional Chinese Medicine Products on COVID-19

This paper mainly analyzes the traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription and traditional Chinese medicine products with remarkable epidemic prevention effect since the outbreak of COVID-19,and discusses their potential prevention and treatment effects,so as to provide a basis for the further development and application of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription and traditional Chinese medicine products against COVID-19.

Analysis on the rules of prescriptions for ischemic stroke based on the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance auxiliary system

In China,traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in the treatment of ischemic stroke,but its prescription rules needs to be further studied.This paper uses the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance auxiliary system(a software)to analyze the composition rules of a large number of prescriptions for the treatment of ischemic stroke,and discusses the clinical rationality of the new prescriptions.We found that the prescriptions for the treatment of ischemic stroke are mainly composed by herbs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,dredging collaterals and tonifying deficiency,and some of the new prescriptions are also in line with this characteristic.This paper can provide reference for clinical prescription in the treatment of ischemic stroke and the development of related new drugs.

Research Progress in the Application of Network Pharmacology in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Compound Prescriptions

Network pharmacology is a new discipline based on the theory of systems biology,mainly for network analysis of biological systems.It selects specific signal nodes for multi-target drug molecular design.This article summarizes the application of network pharmacology in traditional Chinese medicine and compound prescriptions in recent years from the research progress of network pharmacology,the current research status of single herbs,and the research and application of compound prescriptions.

Discussion on the Application of Ascending and Descending Property of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Compatibility of Clinical Prescriptions

Through the method of literature mining,the classics of traditional Chinese medicine,materia medica works,medical cases and documents are studied.Based on common prescriptions for the treatment of diseases such as abnormal Zang-fu viscera and qi movement,dysfunction,etc.,and combined with the theory of ascending and descending property of traditional Chinese medicine,the application of ascending and descending property of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical prescription compatibility and the factors affecting the application are summarized.The ascending and descending properties of traditional Chinese medicine have been widely used in prescription compatibility for the clinical treatment of impairment of purifying and descending function of the lung,spleen and stomach's ascending and descending disorders and heart-kidney noninteractionpatte.

Therapeutic Effect of Oral Administration and External Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenopathy

Objective:To analyze the clinical effect and value of oral administration and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy.Methods:A total of 56 patients with cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy admitted to our hospital from January 1 to January 2018 were recruited.By using double-blind method,the patients were divided into control group(n=28)and experimental group(n=28).Control group comprised of patients with conventional anti-tuberculosis treatment,while the experimental group comprised of patients treated with oral administration and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine.Total effective rate,incidence of complication and level of T lymphocyte subsets were compared between the two groups of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy patients.Results:Post-treatment data of total effective rate,complication rate,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+of the experimental group were compared with the control group.P<0.05;statistical analysis showed statistical significance.Post-treatment data of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+of both control and experimental groups were compared with pre-treatment data.P<0.05;statistical analysis showed statistical significance.Conclusion:Oral administration and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine possesses significant effect in treatment of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy.

A brief overview of traditional Chinese medicine prescription powered by artificial intelligence

Traditional Chinese medicine prescription is one of the treasures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).There are tens of thousands TCM prescriptions accumulated in the past thousands of years,corresponding to different diseases,symptoms and therapeutic goals.The correspondences are so complicated that there is an urgent need to leverage new technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI)to analyze,understand and utilize them effectively.In this paper,we present a brief overview of this direction,where current research progress on TCM prescription powered by AI is summarized.Our summarization focuses on three aspects,TCM prescription mining that aims at understanding the TCM prescription,TCM prescription or herb knowledge base construction that aims at extracting knowledge to support the TCM prescription-related study,and TCM prescription discovery that aims at utilizing AI technologies to further energize TCM.It is encouraging to see that steady progress in this direction has been made recently.Besides,a toy experiment on image-based TCM herb recognition by using convolutional neural networks is also conducted.It basically verifies that it is promising to use AI technologies to address challenging tasks in TCM.We also point out several research topics that could be cooperatively performed by researchers from the two disciplines.

Discussion on the Application of Real-World Study in the Inheritance and Development of Empirical Prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective To study the research on real-world data and to provide new ideas and methods for the inheritance and development of empirical prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods The disadvantages of using randomized controlled trials for empirical prescriptions of TCM and the advantages of using real-world study(RWS)were analyzed by summarizing the previous RWS and the empirical prescriptions.Meanwhile,the methods for marketing of new TCMs derived from empirical prescriptions of TCM,the data source and trial design of the RWS were discussed.Results and Conclusion RWS can provide new ideas for the listing of new TCMs.With the improvement of relevant laws and regulations,RWS will promote the development of TCM greatly.To promote the application of RWS in the inheritance and development of empirical prescriptions of TCM,the government should improve laws and regulations as soon as possible,and enterprises and research institutions should strengthen patient privacy protection and clarify the responsible parties.

Network pharmacology and experimental validation to reveal the pharmacological mechanisms of Qizhu prescription for treating breast cancer

Objective To investigate the mechanism underlying the effects exerted by the Qizhu prescription(QZP)in breast cancer(BC),and the respective targets.Methods Expression data from the ArrayExpress and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)were used to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in BC.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs to identify genes involved in protein–protein interactions.Molecular docking was used to explore the dynamic relationship between active molecules and targets.Cell function experiments and animal studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of hub genes and active QZP compounds on BC cell behavior.Results Among the 25 evaluated BC-related targets of QZP,matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP1)and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)exhibited the highest degrees of dysregulation.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the anti-BC targets of QZP primarily affected drug responses and pathways in cancer cells.Molecular docking analysis suggested potential interactions between EGFR and quercetin/luteolin,as well as between MMP1 and luteolin/kaempferol/quercetin.Quercetin significantly reduced BC cell proliferation,migration,invasion,and tumor development in vivo.Treatment of BC cells with quercetin decreased the expression or activation of several associated proteins.Conclusion The findings of our study provide new insights into the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine against BC,with particular reference to QZP.

Effects of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine on Immune Organ Indexes and Macrophages Phagocytic Indexes in Chickens Infected by Infectious Bronchitis Virus

[ Objective] To study the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions on infectious bronchitis （IB） and find a novel avenue for prevention and treatment of viral diseases in poultry. [Method] A total of 160 cockerels at the age of 15 d were divided into four groups randomly, including traditional Chinese medicine group, moroxydine control group, challenge control group and healthy control group. Except the healthy control group, other groups were challenged with infectious bronchitis virus （IBV） on Day 15. After 48 h post challenge, the traditional Chinese medicine groupand moroxydine control group were respectively administrated with Chinese herbal medicine prescription and moroxydine, continuously for 5 d. The immune organ indexes and macrephage phagocytic indexes were detected on Day 18, 24 and 30, respectively. [ Result] The immune organ indexes and macrophage phagocytic indexes were not significantly different between traditional Chinese medicine group and moroxydine control group on Day 18. But all the indexes of the traditional Chinese medicine groups were increased significantly （ P 〈 0.05） on Day 24 and 30, and showed extremely significant difference （ P 〈 0.01 ） with those of challenge control group on Day 30. [ Conclusion] The traditional Chinese herbal medicine can enhance macrophage phagocytic indexes and immune organs indexes of chickens infected by IBV.

Prescription and treatment rules for the prescriptions containing Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala couplet medicine based on traditional Chinese Medicine inheritance support platform

Objectives:To provide a theoretical basis for the development of the new products of Poria cocos-Atractylodes macrocephala couplet medicine.Methods:All prescription preparations containing Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala were collected from the Drug Standards of the Ministry of Public Health Drug Standard·Traditional Chinese Medicine Set Prescription Preparation(called Traditional Chinese Medicine Set Prescription Preparation for short).After standardization,the information of each prescription preparation was input into the Chinese Traditional Medicine Inheritance Support Platform(V2.5),and the relevant rules of the software were adopted.Data mining methods were used to analyze the frequency of drugs,main symptoms and diseases in prescriptions,and to analyze the regularity of prescriptions.The prescription rules of top 2 high frequency attending syndromes and diseases were analyzed.Results:There were total of 337 prescription preparations containing couplet medicine of Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala,107 kinds of main symptoms and 66 kinds of diseases.The high frequency syndromes were deficiency of Qi and blood and weakness of spleen and stomach,and the high frequency syndromes were anorexia and irregular menstruation.Conclusion:The couplet medicine of Poria cocos-atractylodes macrocephala prescription is mainly used to treat digestive tract diseases and gynecological diseases;it mostly takes tonifying deficiency efficat.It can treat different diseases being compatible with different medicinal materials.The study can provide theoretical basis for clinical application and new drug development of the couplet medicine of Poria cocos-atractylodes macrocephala.

Varieties of Chinese Traditional Medicines Protected by the State (Part One)

Approved by the Ministry of Public Health,the following Medicines,producedby the named enterprises,are listed as varieties of Chinese traditionalmedicines that are protected by the state.