Characterization of adsorptive capacity and mechanisms on adsorption of copper, lead and zinc by modified orange peel

A novel adsorbent was prepared by modifying orange peel with sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride. The morphological and characteristics of the adsorbent were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy （IR）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and N2-adsorption techniques. The adsorption behavior of Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋ and Zn^2＋ on modified orange peel （SCOP） was studied by varying parameters like pH, initial concentration of metal ions. Equilibrium was well described by Langmuir equation with the maximum adsorption capacities for Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋ and Zn^2＋ of 70.73, 209.8 and 56.18 mg/g, respectively. Based on the results obtained in batch experiments, breakthrough profiles were examined using a column packed with SCOP for the separation of small concentration of Pb^2＋ from an excess of Zn^2＋ followed by elution tests. Ion exchange with Ca^2＋ neutralizing the carboxyl groups of the pectin was found to be the predominant mechanism.

Analysis of Orange Peel Defect in St14 Steel Sheet by Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD)

In this paper, the orange peel defect in the surface range of the st14 steel sheet has been investigated using the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. It has been found that the orange peel defect in the st14 steel sheet was resulted from the local coarse grains which were produced during hot-rolling due to the critical deformation in dual-phase zone. During deep drawing, the coarse grains with {100}<001> microtexture can slip on the {112}<111> slip system to form bulging and yields orange peel defects, while the coarse grains with {112}<110> orientation do not form the defect as the Schmid factor of {112}<111> slip system in it equals zero.

Effective removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by orange peel xanthate

Preparation of orange peel xanthate and its adsorption behaviors of five heavy metals(Cu 2+ ,Cd 2+ ,Pb 2+ ,Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ ) were studied.FTIR spectra,Zeta potentials and TG analysis were used to characterize prepared orange peel xanthate.Effects of various parameters including equilibrium pH,initial metal ion concentration and adsorption time on the adsorption processes for the five metal ions were investigated.It was found that for all five metal ions,the adsorption isotherms agreed Langmuir model very well and the maximum adsorption capacities of Cu2 +,Cd 2+,Pb 2+,Zn 2+and Ni 2+were obtained as 77.60,76.57,218.34,49.85 and 15.45 mg/g,respectively.All adsorption processes can attain equilibrium within 20 min and kinetics was well fitted by psesudo-second order equation.It is proposed that the adsorption mechanism was complexation.

Analysis of surface orange peel of aluminum-alloy automobile sheet by using of EBSD and X-ray diffraction

The formation cause of orange peel of aluminum-alloy automotive sheet after tensile deformation was analysed by using X-ray diffraction and electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD).The test results showed that formation cause of surface orange peel after tensile deformation related to product texture and nonuniform deformation during the tensile process.The grain size has significant effect on deformation uniform and texture formation.Coarse grains were easy to produce nonuniform deformation and texture,which would produce surface orange peel after tensile deformation.

Quantitative analysis of orange peel during tension of 6063 alloy spun tubes

Severe surface roughening during plastic deforming of aluminum alloy parts can produce ＂orange peel＂ defects. To analyze ＂orange peel＂ of 6063 aluminum alloy tube quantificationally, the tensile tests of trapezoidal specimens were carried out. The tubes with different grain sizes were obtained by spinning and subsequent annealing heat treatment. The macroscopical behavior of surface roughening was characterized by surface roughness Ra using a laser scanning confocal microscope. The corresponding microscopic behavior was reflected by microstructures of specimens and in-situ observation using electron back-scattered diffraction（EBSD）. The obtained results show that the surface roughness increased firstly with increasing strain and then decreased slightly. There was a critical strain for aluminum alloy tube, below which ＂orange peel＂ defect would not occur. For the tube with a mean grain size of 80, 105, 130 and 175 μm, the critical strains were 10.17%, 5.74%, 3.15% and 1.62%, respectively. Meanwhile, the surface roughening behavior was produced by serious inhomogeneous deformation between grains as strain increased, and was aggravated as the grain size increased due to the larger local deformation in larger grains.

Morphology observation for surface orange peel and fracture in tension sample of aluminum-alloy sheet and characterization of nano hardness

The tension property of aluminum-alloy sheet with different microstructures is measured, and the surface and tension fracture morphology of tension sample with and without orange peel are observed by using scanning electron microscope （SEM）. Surface roughness and nano hardness of tension sample are measured. The results show that the average elongation of the samples with orange peel is lower than that without orange peel ; especially the r value of per- pendicular to the rolling direction is much lower than that without orange peel. The tension surface of the orange peel samples is very rough; various parameters of surface roughness are higher. Under the observation of SEM, a wider slid- ing band with a micro crack on the surface of orange peel sample can be found. The various parameters of surface rough- ness without orange peel sample are near to zero, the sliding band is narrow and without micro cracks. The dimple width in tensile fracture of orange peel sample is larger than that without orange peel sample, but shear lip is narrower. The nano hardness testing results show that samples with orange peel behave high elastic modulus, high hardness, and high maximum load, but low plastic deformation depth. These mentioned features can completely describe surface and frac- ture morphology of tension samt31es with oranze peel.

Effects of a flavonoid-enriched orange peel extract against type 2 diabetes in the obese ZDF rat model

Effects of an enriched orange peel extract(OPE)against type 2 diabetes(T2D)were analyzed in ZDF rats which were hyperglycemic,dyslipidemic and express pro-inflammatory markers.Glucose related parameters were lowered in the lean control and metformin group as compared to ZDF vehicle controls.OPE was well tolerated and induced a decline in fasted blood glucose and increase levels of fed glucose although to a lesser degree as compared to metformin.However,OPE did not improve glucose tolerance but showed significantly elevated glucose levels.Furthermore,OPE treatment caused an increase of free fatty acids in a dose-responsive manner as well as elevated levels of cholesterol and LDL.The analysis of inflammatory mediators revealed a significant down-regulation of COX-2,ICAM-1,and TNF-˛in epididymal adipose tissue in response to OPE to a higher degree as compared to ibuprofen.In whole blood,IL-4 was upregulated in a dose-responsive manner as measured by ELISA.In summary,lipophilic OPE showed strong anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue,ambivalent effects against hyperglycemia,whereas hyperlipidemia was increased.Our study emphasize the complexity of anti-diabetic regimen suggesting a treatment with OPE to reduce inflammation in adipose tissue in combination with antidiabetic therapeutics as promising strategy against T2D.

Study on Extraction of Pectin from Orange Peels

The comparison was conducted to investigate the higher extraction rate between two methods including alcohol deposition with acid hydrolysis and micro- wave-assistant extraction technique. The experimental results showed that the former method led to a better extraction effect. For the method of alcohol deposition with acid hydrolysis, the technique parameters were optimized through I.s （34 ） orthogonal e^periment based on the results of single factor experiments, after investi- gated the effect of solid to liquid ratio, pH, extraction temperature and extraction time on the pectin extraction rate. tersrm technique was employed to extract pectin. The selected parameter was obtained by means On the basis of the optimal technical parmne- of L16 （45） orthogonal experiment after studied the effect of solid to liquid ratio, extraction temperature, microwave treatment period, pH and microwave power on pectin extraction yield. Repetitive examinations of two methods were carried out separately, pectin extraction rate with the fLrst technique was 14.57% and that with the second method was 11.62%. The charac- teristics of the pectin sample prepared by alcohol deposition with acid hydrolysis were further investigated. The research demonstrated that mass percent of pectin was 87.23%. The esterification degree of pectin was 75.66% ,and pectin sample color was from creamy white to pale yellow.

Quantification of Flavonoids in Brazilian Orange Peels and Industrial Orange Juice Processing Wastes

The flavonoid content in orange peels of different Brazilian citrus varieties such as bahia, lima, lima-of-persian, morcote, pera, ponkan, seleta, cravo, kinkan and pomelo was assessed. Industry processing juice wastes such as bagasse, bagasse residues, animal feeding bagasse, pulp WEUE and CORE-wash were also analyzed. The HPLC analysis indicates that the most abundant flavonoids found in these Brazilian citrus peels are hesperidin and naringin. The solvents used are selective for flavonoid extraction, and depending on their polarity, glycoside or aglycone flavonoids are extracted. The use of multivariate analysis shows that DMSO is the best solvent to extract glycosides flavanones while hexane displays high selectivity in the extraction of polymethoxylated flavones. The flavonoids present in the orange wastes, obtained at different stages of the industrial processing, are qualitative and quantitatively different. The identification and quantification of the flavonoid composition in each Brazilian citrus variety were evaluated and allowed the selection of the best solvent for the extraction of each specific class of flavonoids. These compounds were found to be more abundant in the fruit peels than in their juices, revealing their great industrial potential. The residual portion of the processing juices is also rich in flavonoids, depending on the processing step.

Enhanced Cu(Ⅱ)adsorption by orange peel modified with sodium hydroxide

Copper adsorption by orange peel,which was chemically modified with sodium hydroxide,was investigated.The adsorbent was characterized using surface area analyzer,infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Total negative charge and zeta potentials on the adsorbent surface were determined.Equilibrium isotherms and kinetics were obtained and the effects of solution pH value,adsorbent concentration and temperature were studied in batch experiments.Column experiments were performed to study practical applicability,and breakthrough curves were obtained.Equilibrium is well described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms,and kinetics is found to fit pseudo-second order type adsorption kinetics.According to Langmuir equation,the maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(Ⅱ)is 50.25 mg/g at pH value of 5.3.The results show additional chemical modification of the adsorbent by NaOH and the increased adsorption capacity.

Batch and fixed-bed column studies of selenite removal from contaminated water by orange peel-based sorbent

Orange peel is a biomass derived from citrus processing with desirable properties for metal sorption.In recent years,orange peel has been used to remove various heavy metals and toxic oxyanions.Selenium(Se)is an essential trace element for mammals.However,when the concentration of selenium exceeds an umbral limit,it becomes toxic.In this study,orange peel was used to treat Se(IV)-contaminated water.A high sorption capacity of 32.5 mg/g was obtained at a temperature of 20℃and a pH of 2.0.Hydroxyl groups bound Se(IV)to the surface of the orange peel.The sorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.A chemical sorption mechanism was involved in the removal of Se(IV).The Thomas and modified dose-response models were used to simulate the experimental breakthrough curves.The bed depth service time model was used to calculate the critical bed depth(Z0),and the calculated Z0 value was 1.6 cm.This study reveals that orange peel is a useful sorbent for Se(IV),and can be used for the purification of Se(IV)-contaminated water.©2020 Hohai University.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Orange Peel Extract Mediated Silver Nanofluid as Corrosion Inhibitor for X80 Steel in Simulated Oilfield Scale Dissolver

Silver nanofluid was prepared by bio-reduction reaction between orange peels extracts(OPE)and silver nitrate and characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.Colloidal nanoparticles of sizes between 40-50 nm and spherical shape were obtained.The nanofluid was applied as anticorrosion additive to inhibit corrosion of X80 steel in simulated oilfield scale dissolver solution(1.0 M HCl)at various temperatures.The nanofluid(OPE-AgNPs)was 98.9% and 84.3% efficient at 30℃ and 60 ℃ respectively as determined by weight loss measurement.In comparison with OPE,OPE-AgNPs shows better corrosion inhibition and higher resistance to thermal degradation.Some kinetic and thermodynamic models were used to characterize the inhibition process.OPE-AgNPs could be optimized and used as alternative anticorrosion additive for scale dissolution liquor in the industry.

Synergistic Effect of Adjuvant Green Orange Peel Oil on Different Herbicides

[Objective] The paper was to explore the synergistic effect of a novel adjuvant green orange peel oil on different herbicides in direct sowing paddy field. [Method] The synergistic test of green orange peel oil on 10% cyanoflurate SC and 10% metamifop EC was conducted in 2019.[Result] The control effect of green orange peel oil 150 mL/hm^(2)+ 10% cyanoflurate SC 1 275 mL/hm^(2) on Echinochloa crusgalli and Leptochloa chinensis were significantly superior to that of 10% cyanoflurate SC 1 500 mL/hm^(2). The control effects of green orange peel oil 150 m L/hm^(2)+10%cyanoflurate SC 1 200 m L/hm^(2) on E. crusgalli and L. chinensis was equivalent to that of 10% cyanoflurate SC 1 500 mL/hm^(2). The control effect of green orange peel oil 150 mL/hm^(2)+ 10% metamifop EC 1 275 mL/hm^(2) on E. crusgalli and L. chinensis was equivalent to that of 10% metamifop EC 1 500 m L/hm^(2). [Conclusion] The green orange peel oil had certain synergistic effect on cyanoflurate and metamifop.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Orange and Lemon Peel Extract and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Properties

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts of orange and lemon peels, as a reducing agent, and silver nitrate salts as a source of silver ions is a promising field of research due to the versatility of biomedical applications of metal nanoparticles. In this paper, AgNPs were synthetized at different reaction parameters such as the type and concentration of the extracts, metal salt concentration, temperature, speed stirring, and pH. The antibacterial properties of the obtained silver nanoparticles against E. coli, as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the synthesized silver nanoparticles, were investigated. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of AgNPs. In addition to green biogenic synthesis, chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles was also carried out. The optimal temperature for extraction was 65˚C, while for the synthesis of AgNPs was 35˚C. The synthesis is carried out in an acidic environment (pH = 4.7 orange and pH = 3.8 lemon), neutral (pH = 7) and alkaline (pH = 10), then for different concentrations of silver nitrate solution (0.5 mM - 1 mM), optimal time duration of the reaction was 60 min and optimal stirring speed rotation was 250 rpm on the magnetic stirrer. The physical properties of the synthesized silver nanoparticles (conductivity, density and refractive index) were also studied, and the passage of laser light through the obtained solution and distilled water was compared. Positive inhibitory effect on the growth of new Escherichia coli colonies have shown AgNPs synthesized at a basic pH value and at a 0.1 mM AgNO3 using orange or lemon peel extract, while for a 0.5 mM AgNO3 using lemon peel extract.

Fast Determination of Essential Oil from Dried Menthol Mint and Orange Peel by Solvent Free Microwave Extraction Using Carbonyl Iron Powder as the Microwave Absorption Medium

An improved solvent free microwave extraction, in which a kind of microwave absorption medium （carbonyl iron powder） was used, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from dried menthol mint and orange peel without addition of any solvent and pretreatment. It took much less time of extraction （30 min） than microwave-assisted hydrodistillation （90 min） and conventional hydrodistillation （180 min）. The kinds of chemical compositions in essential oil extracted by different methods were almost the same and such improved solvent free microwave extraction can be a feasible way in extraction of essential oil from dried plant materials.

Glycine functionalized activated carbon derived from navel orange peel for enhancement recovery of Gd(Ⅲ)

Glycine functionalized activated carbon adsorption material(NOPAC-GLY-X)was successfully prepared by one-step thermal decomposition using agricultural waste navel orange peel as a precursor.Through batch adsorption experiments,it is found that the adsorption performance of Gd(Ⅲ)on activated carbon can be significantly enhanced by glycine modification.The adsorption isotherms of the NOPACs conform to the Langmuir isotherm model,and the maximum adsorption capacity of the activated carbon sample NOPAC-Gly-60 is approximately 48.5 mg/g.The Gd(Ⅲ)adsorption capacity of navel orange peel activated carbon can be doubled after glycine modification,and the adsorption efficiency of gadolinium can reach99%at pH=7.The physicochemical properties of the prepared adsorbents were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),elemental analysis(EA),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The characterization test shows that the specific surface area of the sample increases from 1121 to 1523 m^(2)/g,and the ratio of(N+O)/C increases from 10.8%to 30.0%by the glycine modification.After five cycles of adsorption-desorption,the adsorption capacity can still be maintained at 88%of the initial capacity.NOPAC-GLY-60 has excellent adsorption selectivity for Gd(Ⅲ).With the obvious advantages of simple synthesis steps and low cost,the activated carbon modification method adopted in this study has great application value in the field of rare earth adsorption and recovery.

Structure and Adsorption Properties to TVOC of Orange Peel Modified with KOH

Food waste orange peel was employed as a raw material to prepare biomass adsorbent to solve the indoor Total Volatile Organic Compounds(TVOC).The preparation process of orange peel treated with KOH was optimized by the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation,and the regression model and optimal processing conditions were obtained.The structure of the adsorbent was characterized by BET,SEM,TEM,EDS,XRD and FTIR analysis.The adsorption properties and desorption regeneration were discussed.The results showed the maximal removal rate Ymax was 9.4824%when KOH concentration was 0.3 mol/L,the soaking time of KOH was 26 h and that of HCl was 2.89 h.The best single factor condition was the adsorbent with 40 mesh size and 6.0 g.The adsorption of modified orange peel on TVOC conformed to the Freundlich models,which was more inclined to multi-layer active site adsorption.The adsorption law followed the quasi-second-order kinetic model(R^2=0.955),indicating the adsorption was a physico-chemical mixture but controlled by physical adsorption and it was a spontaneous endothermic process.The modified orange peel exposed more sites and had stronger chemical groups,which were beneficial to adsorption.The adsorbent has a significantly better TVOC removal rate than other materials at 1%level,that is,modified orange peel>diatomite>activated carbon>bamboo charcoal>macroporous resin.In addition,it had good recycling and regeneration capacity.

Valorization of agro-industrial fruit peel waste to fluorescent nanocarbon sensor:Ultrasensitive detection of potentially hazardous tropane alkaloid

Millions of tonnes of agro-industrial waste are generated each year globally,with the vast majority of it going untreated,underutilized,and disposed of by burning or landfilling,causing severe environmental distress and economic downturn.A practical solution to this global issue is to use green chemistry to convert this waste into value-added products.Accordingly,in the present study,agro-industrial orange peel waste was valorized into fluorescent nanodiamond-like carbon sensor via a green route involving hydrothermal treatment of microwave carbonized orange peel waste.The developed sensor,used for the fluorescence detection of potentially hazardous drug atropine sulfate,exhibits unique dual linearity over concentration ranges of 300 nM to 1 M and from 1 M to 10 M,as well as ultra-low sensitivity of 34.42 nM and 356.46 nM,respectively.Additionally,the sensor demonstrates excellent reproducibility,high stability,and satisfactory recovery when used to identify and quantify atropine sulfate in biological samples and commercially available pharmaceuticals,indicating promising multidisciplinary applications.