HOI延迟对LEO卫星简化动力学POD的影响

通常使用无电离层(IF)线性组合(LC)消除低地球轨道(LEO)卫星简化动力学精密定轨(POD)一阶电离层延迟误差,忽略了高阶电离层(HOI)延迟误差。随着LEO卫星POD技术的发展,计算不同轨道高度的HOI延迟并探索其变化已成为进一步提高POD精度的重要手段。首先,使用国际参考电离层-2016(IRI-2016)和国际地磁参考场第13代(IGRF-13)模型,计算电离层穿刺点(IPP)位置和地磁场强度。其次,使用平滑星载GNSS数据计算电离层斜路径总电子含量(STEC)。然后,分别计算GOCE、GRACE-A和SWARM-A/B卫星的二阶和三阶电离层延迟。最后,评估了HOI延迟对LEO卫星重叠轨道分析、卫星激光测距(SLR)检核和精密科学轨道(PSO)比较结果的影响。实验结果表明:HOI延迟对LEO卫星简化动力学POD的影响大约在毫米至厘米的数量级上;HOI延迟对LEO卫星简化动力学POD外符合精度的影响分别达到0.92,0.22,0.21和0.18 mm;随着LEO卫星轨道高度的增加,HOI延迟对LEO卫星简化动力学POD的影响减小。

LEO卫星系统对GSO卫星系统干扰规避技术研究

近年,低地轨道(Low Earth Orbit,LEO)卫星星座繁荣发展,LEO卫星系统和地球静止轨道(Geosynchronous Orbit,GSO)卫星系统同频共用情况非常普遍,同频段内LEO卫星系统需要规避GSO卫星系统的上下行干扰。LEO卫星系统对GSO卫星系统干扰规避方法和策略包含调整指向、更改频率、降低功率和关闭波束。在对系统干扰规避模式及干扰区域情况进行仿真基础上,结合LEO卫星系统特点,提出经过规避区域时切换信关站或者馈电链路关闭下行波束的方案。用户链路结合相控阵天线特点,信令波束通过上注星载相控阵天线波位表实现干扰规避;业务波束通过上注干扰规避区域对应的地面网格编码实现干扰规避,提出不同链路干扰规避实施方案和实现流程。

LEO星载GPS实时精密定轨伪模糊度随机过程参数优化

提出在定轨策略及其他变量不变的情况下,使用一种数值步进的搜索比较方法,以确定伪模糊度随机过程参数的最优设置。使用GRACE-C、SWARM-A两颗LEO卫星2021年doy92~101共10 d的GPS数据及同时段的CNT、MADOCA两种实时精密星历产品,以模拟在轨实时精密定轨的方式,对伪模糊度随机过程参数开展优化实验。结果表明,在伪模糊度参数最优值方案下,两颗LEO卫星的实时精密定轨三维位置误差(RMS)约为4.62~7.56 cm,相比于传统模糊度浮点解方案,使用CNT和MADOCA产品的实时定轨精度分别平均提升约39.15%和29.61%。

ORBIT评分与HAS-BLED评分对心脏瓣膜置换术后华法林抗凝出血风险的预测价值比较

目的比较ORBIT评分与HAS-BLED评分对心脏瓣膜置换术后华法林抗凝出血风险的预测价值。方法回顾性分析304例心脏瓣膜置换术后需行华法林抗凝治疗患者的病例资料,分别根据ORBIT评分和HAS-BLED评分对患者进行风险分层和分组,分析基于不同评分的风险分层与术后华法林抗凝出血事件的相关性,比较2种评分方法风险分层的一致性及其对出血事件的预测价值。结果304例患者中,出血患者32例、未出血患者272例,出血患者的术后ORBIT评分、HAS-BLED评分均高于未出血患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。基于ORBIT评分划分的中危、高危患者的出血风险分别为低危患者的6.092(95%CI:2.694~13.775)倍、9.373(95%CI:1.465~59.943)倍,基于HAS-BLED评分划分的中危、高危患者的出血风险分别为低危患者的3.750(95%CI:1.383~10.166)倍、14.250(95%CI:5.489~36.995)倍。受试者工作特征曲线分析结果显示,ORBIT评分预测华法林抗凝出血风险的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.646(95%CI:0.589~0.699),敏感度为46.88%,特异度为87.87%,最佳截断值为3分;HAS-BLED评分预测华法林抗凝出血风险的AUC为0.768(95%CI:0.717~0.814),敏感度为75.00%,特异度为69.85%,最佳截断值为2分;Delong检验结果显示,2种评分的AUC差异有统计学意义(D=0.122,95%CI:0.001~0.245,Z=1.962,P<0.05)。结论ORBIT评分和HAS-BLED评分对心脏瓣膜置换术后华法林抗凝出血风险均具有一定预测价值,其中HAS-BLED评分的预测效能更优。

LEO航天器太阳电池阵激光诱导电弧放电试验与分析

基于太阳电池阵空间电弧放电理论,对纳秒脉冲激光诱导太阳电池阵电弧放电机理进行分析,采用空间放电模拟试验系统,试验研究了低地球轨道(LEO)等离子体环境下纳秒脉冲激光诱导太阳电池阵电弧放电的功率密度阈值及其放电特性。试验结果表明:LEO等离子体环境下激光诱导太阳电池阵电弧放电的功率密度阈值约为1.08×10^(8)W/cm^(2),与无激光诱导相比,放电持续时间增加了20%,且每施加1次纳秒脉冲激光诱导电弧放电概率约为60%。对比分析不同工况下的太阳电池阵损伤效应可得:纳秒脉冲激光诱导电弧放电破坏绝缘层最严重,容易造成太阳电池阵中部分PN结短路失效,其损坏程度远远大于空间环境太阳电池串间电弧放电烧蚀损坏效应和盖玻片表面热应力损伤造成的PN结断路失效。此结论可为航天器太阳电池阵放电试验的措施及试验参数选取提供参考。

LEO卫星通信终端的RTT定位技术

低地球轨道(LEO)卫星通信互联网是未来满足万物智联、天空地一体化网络连接的6G移动通信网络重要组成部分。LEO卫星通信终端的移动性管理是LEO卫星网络运行管理的基本功能,而获取卫星终端的位置是实现移动性管理的基础。目前,全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)能够提供比较高的定位精度,但是当GNSS位置服务在受到环境遮蔽、外部干扰时可能失效,因此卫星通信终端需要一种独立于外部GNSS服务的自主定位方案。以未来LEO卫星互联网的通信信号为背景,提出一种基于往返时延(Round Trip Time,RTT)测量的LEO卫星通信终端自主定位体制,对OFDM卫星互联网信号的时延估计算法精度以及定位误差进行了理论计算和数字仿真,获得了本定位方案的均方根误差(RMSE)和几何稀度因子(GDOP),计算结果表明可以实现百米量级的快速定位,满足了移动性管理所需的千米量级位置信息的应用需求。

LEO-RAN切片场景联合用户关联和动态资源分配算法

为了解决6G天地一体化网络的资源高效利用问题,提出了一种面向高密度低地球轨道卫星-无线接入网(LEO-RAN)切片场景的联合用户关联和动态资源分配算法。考虑不同切片的最小速率、最大时延及资源比例等约束,以频谱效率(SE)和不同切片服务水平协议(SLA)满意率(SSR)的加权和作为优化目标,建立用户关联和资源分配的联合优化问题。首先设计基于多智能体深度确定性策略梯度(MADDPG)的网络切片算法确定切片资源比例,然后采用基于拉格朗日对偶的用户关联算法确定最优的用户关联策略,最后通过轮询调度机制将资源分配给用户。仿真结果表明,所提算法在满足不同切片差异化SLA的同时能够有效提高SE。与基于MADDPG-RA、MATD3-LG、MATD3-RA、MASAC-LG和MASAC-RA算法相比,所提算法系统效用分别提升了2.0%、2.3%、5.7%、8.7%和9.4%。

OFDMA-Based Unsourced Random Access in LEO Satellite Internet of Things

This paper investigates the low earth orbit(LEO)satellite-enabled coded compressed sensing(CCS)unsourced random access(URA)in orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA)framework,where a massive uniform planar array(UPA)is equipped on the satellite.In LEO satellite communications,unavoidable timing and frequency offsets cause phase shifts in the transmitted signals,substantially diminishing the decoding performance of current terrestrial CCS URA receiver.To cope with this issue,we expand the inner codebook with predefined timing and frequency offsets and formulate the inner decoding as a tractable compressed sensing(CS)problem.Additionally,we leverage the inherent sparsity of the UPA-equipped LEO satellite angular domain channels,thereby enabling the outer decoder to support more active devices.Furthermore,the outputs of the outer decoder are used to reduce the search space of the inner decoder,which cuts down the computational complexity and accelerates the convergence of the inner decoding.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Late infection after peri-orbital autologous micro-fat graft:a case presentation and literature review

Citation:Pakdel F,Asadigandomani H,Arab Bafrani M,Nozarian Z,Abedinifar Z,Pirmarzdashti N,Jafari B,Siami Z.Late infection after peri-orbital autologous micro-fat graft:a case presentation and literature review.Int J Ophthalmol 2024;17(3):603-606.

Orbital-Ordering Driven Simultaneous Tunability of Magnetism and Electric Polarization in Strained Monolayer VCl_(3)

Two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals magnetic materials have promising and versatile electronic and magnetic properties in the 2D limit,indicating a considerable potential to advance spintronic applications.Theoretical predictions thus far have not ascertained whether monolayer VCl_(3) is a ferromagnetic(FM)or anti-FM monolayer;this also remains to be experimentally verified.We theoretically investigate the influence of potential factors,including C_(3) symmetry breaking,orbital ordering,epitaxial strain,and charge doping,on the magnetic ground state.Utilizing first-principles calculations,we predict a collinear type-Ⅲ FM ground state in monolayer VCl_(3) with a broken C_(3) symmetry,wherein only the former two of three t_(2g)orbitals(a_(1g),e_(g2)^(π)and e_(g1)^(π))are occupied.The atomic layer thickness and bond angles of monolayer VCl_(3) undergo abrupt changes driven by an orbital ordering switch,resulting in concomitant structural and magnetic phase transitions.Introducing doping to the underlying Cl atoms of monolayer VCl_(3) without C_(3) symmetry simultaneously induces in-and out-of-plane polarizations.This can achieve a multiferroic phase transition if combined with the discovered adjustments of magnetic ground state and polarization magnitude under strain.The establishment of an orbital-ordering driven regulatory mechanism can facilitate deeper exploration and comprehension of magnetic properties of strongly correlated systems in monolayer VCl_(3).

High-Resolution Recognition of Orbital Angular Momentum Modes in Asymmetric Bessel Beams Assisted by Deep Learning

Fractional orbital angular momentum(OAM) vortex beams present a promising way to increase the data throughput in optical communication systems. Nevertheless, high-precision recognition of fractional OAM with different propagation distances remains a significant challenge. We develop a convolutional neural network(CNN)method to realize high-resolution recognition of OAM modalities, leveraging asymmetric Bessel beams imbued with fractional OAM. Experimental results prove that our method achieves a recognition accuracy exceeding 94.3% for OAM modes, with an interval of 0.05, and maintains a high recognition accuracy above 92% across varying propagation distances. The findings of our research will be poised to significantly contribute to the deployment of fractional OAM beams within the domain of optical communications.

Theory for Charge Density Wave and Orbital-Flux State in Antiferromagnetic Kagome Metal FeGe

We theoretically study the charge order and orbital magnetic properties of a new type of antiferromagnetic kagome metal FeGe.Based on first-principles density functional theory calculations,we study the electronic structures,Fermi-surface quantum fluctuations,as well as phonon properties of the antiferromagnetic kagome metal FeGe.It is found that charge density wave emerges in such a system due to a subtle cooperation between electron-electron interactions and electron–phonon couplings,which gives rise to an unusual scenario of interaction-triggered phonon instabilities,and eventually yields a charge density wave(CDW)state.We further show that,in the CDW phase,the ground-state current density distribution exhibits an intriguing star-of-David pattern,leading to flux density modulation.The orbital fluxes(or current loops)in this system emerge as a result of the subtle interplay between magnetism,lattice geometries,charge order,and spin-orbit coupling(SOC),which can be described by a simple,yet universal,tight-binding theory including a Kane-Mele-type SOC term and a magnetic exchange interaction.We further study the origin of the peculiar step-edge states in FeGe,which sheds light on the topological properties and correlation effects in this new type of kagome antiferromagnetic material.

Big Data Application Simulation Platform Design for Onboard Distributed Processing of LEO Mega-Constellation Networks

Due to the restricted satellite payloads in LEO mega-constellation networks(LMCNs),remote sensing image analysis,online learning and other big data services desirably need onboard distributed processing(OBDP).In existing technologies,the efficiency of big data applications(BDAs)in distributed systems hinges on the stable-state and low-latency links between worker nodes.However,LMCNs with high-dynamic nodes and long-distance links can not provide the above conditions,which makes the performance of OBDP hard to be intuitively measured.To bridge this gap,a multidimensional simulation platform is indispensable that can simulate the network environment of LMCNs and put BDAs in it for performance testing.Using STK's APIs and parallel computing framework,we achieve real-time simulation for thousands of satellite nodes,which are mapped as application nodes through software defined network(SDN)and container technologies.We elaborate the architecture and mechanism of the simulation platform,and take the Starlink and Hadoop as realistic examples for simulations.The results indicate that LMCNs have dynamic end-to-end latency which fluctuates periodically with the constellation movement.Compared to ground data center networks(GDCNs),LMCNs deteriorate the computing and storage job throughput,which can be alleviated by the utilization of erasure codes and data flow scheduling of worker nodes.

Cooperative User-Scheduling and Resource Allocation Optimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Enhanced LEO Satellite Communication

Lower Earth Orbit(LEO) satellite becomes an important part of complementing terrestrial communication due to its lower orbital altitude and smaller propagation delay than Geostationary satellite. However, the LEO satellite communication system cannot meet the requirements of users when the satellite-terrestrial link is blocked by obstacles. To solve this problem, we introduce Intelligent reflect surface(IRS) for improving the achievable rate of terrestrial users in LEO satellite communication. We investigated joint IRS scheduling, user scheduling, power and bandwidth allocation(JIRPB) optimization algorithm for improving LEO satellite system throughput.The optimization problem of joint user scheduling and resource allocation is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem. To cope with this problem, the nonconvex optimization problem is divided into resource allocation optimization sub-problem and scheduling optimization sub-problem firstly. Second, we optimize the resource allocation sub-problem via alternating direction multiplier method(ADMM) and scheduling sub-problem via Lagrangian dual method repeatedly.Third, we prove that the proposed resource allocation algorithm based ADMM approaches sublinear convergence theoretically. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed JIRPB optimization algorithm improves the LEO satellite communication system throughput.

Prognostic factors and clinical features of rhino-orbitalmucormycosis cases:an update for patient and visual survivals

AIM:To determine the frequency of patients’vision survival and prognostic factors and evaluate clinical features in rhino-orbital mucormycosis.METHODS:Forty-three eyes of 43 patients followed up with orbital mucormycosis infections were included in the study.Demographic characteristics of the patients,symptoms at admission,ophthalmologic and non-ophthalmologic examination findings,clinical findings during follow-up,medical and surgical procedures,and complications were recorded.Patient survival was determined by assessing the incidence of mortality,and vision survival was defined as achieving a final visual acuity of at least light perception.RESULTS:Twenty-seven(62.8%)patients were male,and 16(37.2%)were female.When the underlying disease status of the patients was examined,it was observed that all patients had an underlying disease and diabetes constituted the majority(65.2%).Periorbital swelling(69.8%)and ophthalmoplegia(53.5%)were the most common symptoms and findings at the admission of patients with mucormycosis infection.The disease resulted in death in 22(51.2%)patients.The presence of fever and shorter duration of antifungal therapy were associated with lower patient survival.Exenteration surgery was not found to be associated with the survival of the patients.Frozen eye,loss of pupillary light reflex,and development of central retinal artery occlusion were associated with lower vision survival.CONCLUSION:This study presents one of the most extensive patient series in the literature on rhino-orbital mucormycosis.Knowing the patients’symptoms at the time of admission and the clinical findings during the infection process will increase awareness about the disease.

Effect of navigation endoscopy combined with threedimensional printing technology in the treatment of orbital blowout fractures

●AIM:To explore the combined application of surgical navigation nasal endoscopy(NNE)and three-dimensional printing technology(3DPT)for the adjunctive treatment of orbital blowout fractures(OBF).●METHODS:Retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients with OBF who underwent surgical treatment at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University between July 2012 and November 2022.The control group consisted of patients who received traditional surgical treatment(n=43),while the new surgical group(n=52)consisted of patients who received NNE with 3DPT.The difference in therapeutic effects between the two groups was evaluated by comparing the duration of the operation,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),enophthalmos difference,recovery rate of eye movement disorder,recovery rate of diplopia,and incidence of postoperative complications.●RESULTS:The study included 95 cases(95 eyes),with 63 men and 32 women.The patients’age ranged from 5 to 67y(35.21±15.75y).The new surgical group and the control group exhibited no statistically significant differences in the duration of the operation,BCVA and enophthalmos difference.The recovery rates of diplopia in the new surgical group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 1mo[OR=0.03,95%CI(0.01–0.15),P<0.0000]and 3mo[OR=0.11,95%CI(0.03–0.36),P<0.0000]postoperation.Additionally,the recovery rates of eye movement disorders at 1 and 3mo after surgery were OR=0.08,95%CI(0.03–0.24),P<0.0000;and OR=0.01,95%CI(0.00–0.18),P<0.0000.The incidence of postoperative complications was lower in the new surgical group compared to the control group[OR=4.86,95%CI(0.95–24.78),P<0.05].●CONCLUSION:The combination of NNE and 3DPT can shorten the recovery time of diplopia and eye movement disorder in patients with OBF.

Effect of lattice distortion on spin admixture and quantum transport in organic devices with spin–orbit coupling

With an extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model and Green's function method, the spin–orbit coupling(SOC) effects on spin admixture of electronic states and quantum transport in organic devices are investigated. The role of lattice distortion induced by the strong electron–lattice interaction in organics is clarified in contrast with a uniform chain. The results demonstrate an enhanced SOC effect on the spin admixture of frontier eigenstates by the lattice distortion at a larger SOC,which is explained by the perturbation theory. The quantum transport under the SOC is calculated for both nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic electrodes. A more notable SOC effect on total transmission and current is observed for ferromagnetic electrodes, where spin filtering induced by spin-flipped transmission and suppression of magnetoresistance are obtained.Unlike the spin admixture, a stronger SOC effect on transmission exists for the uniform chain rather than the organic lattices with distortion. The reason is attributed to the modified spin-polarized conducting states in the electrodes by lattice configuration, and hence the spin-flip transmission, instead of the spin admixture of eigenstates. This work is helpful to understand the SOC effect in organic spin valves in the presence of lattice distortion.

Relative orbit determination algorithm of space targets with passive observation

Angles-only relative orbit determination for space non-cooperative targets based on passive sensor is subject to weakly observable problem of the relative state between two spacecraft. Previously, the evidence for angles-only observability was found by using cylindrical dynamics, however, the solution of orbit determination is still not provided. This study develops a relative orbit determination algorithm with the cylindrical dynamics based on differential evolution. Firstly, the relative motion dynamics and line-of-sight measurement model for nearcircular orbit are established in cylindrical coordinate system.Secondly, the observability is qualitatively analyzed by using the dynamics and measurement model where the unobservable geometry is found. Then, the angles-only relative orbit determination problem is modeled into an optimal searching frame and an improved differential evolution algorithm is introduced to solve the problem. Finally, the proposed algorithm is verified and tested by a set of numerical simulations in the context of highEarth and low-Earth cases. The results show that initial relative orbit determination(IROD) solution with an appropriate accuracy in a relative short span is achieved, which can be used to initialize the navigation filter.

Generation of orbital angular momentum hologram using a modified U-net

Orbital angular momentum(OAM)holography has become a promising technique in information encryption,data storage and opto-electronic computing,owing to the infinite topological charge of one single OAM mode and the orthogonality of different OAM modes.In this paper,we propose a novel OAM hologram generation method based on a densely connected U-net(DCU),where the densely connected convolution blocks(DCB)replace the convolution blocks of the U-net.Importantly,the reconstruction process of the OAM hologram is integrated into DCU as its output layer,so as to eliminate the requirement to prepare training data for the OAM hologram,which is required by conventional neural networks through an iterative algorithm.The experimental and simulation results show that the OAM hologram can rapidly be generated with the well-trained DCU,and the reconstructed image's quality from the generated OAM hologram is significantly improved in comparison with those from the Gerchberg-Saxton generation method,the Gerchberg-Saxton based generation method and the U-net method.In addition,a 10-bit OAM multiplexing hologram scheme is numerically demonstrated to have a high capacity with OAM hologram.

Bessel–Gaussian beam-based orbital angular momentum holography

Orbital angular momentum(OAM), as a new degree of freedom, has recently been applied in holography technology.Due to the infinite helical mode index of OAM mode, a large number of holographic images can be reconstructed from an OAM-multiplexing hologram. However, the traditional design of an OAM hologram is constrained by the helical mode index of the selected OAM mode, for a larger helical mode index OAM mode has a bigger sampling distance, and the crosstalk is produced for different sampling distances for different OAM modes. In this paper, we present the design of the OAM hologram based on a Bessel–Gaussian beam, which is non-diffractive and has a self-healing property during its propagation. The Fourier transform of the Bessel–Gaussian beam is the perfect vortex mode that has the fixed ring radius for different OAM modes. The results of simulation and experiment have demonstrated the feasibility of the generation of the OAM hologram with the Bessel–Gaussian beam. The quality of the reconstructed holographic image is increased, and the security is enhanced. Additionally, the anti-interference property is improved owing to its self-healing property of the Bessel-OAM holography.