Land-Air Interaction over Arid/Semi-arid Areas in China and Its Impact on the East Asian Summer Monsoon. Part I:Calibration of the Land Surface Model (BATS)Using Multicriteria Methods

To improve the land surface simulation in the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China, the observational data from two field experiments in Dunhuang and Tongyu are used to optimize the parameters in the land surface model, BATS, through calibration with the multicriteria method. Sensitivity analysis to the parameters in Dunhuang and Tongyu indicates that different parameters need to be calibrated in two sites with different environmental and climate regimes. Comparison of observed sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and ground surface temperature with the simulated ones shows the simulations with the optimized parameters have been substantially improved. Especially, the holistic simulations with the calibration of the parameter values are much closer to the observations in the arid region （Dunhuang）, and the energy partition with the calibrated parameters can also be simulated well in the semi-arid region （Tongyu）. Whole results demonstrate that the parameter calibration of the land surface model is important when the model is to be used to investigate the land-air interaction.

Remote Sensing Parameterization of Land Surface Heat Fluxes over Arid and Semi-arid Areas

Dealing with the regional land surfaces heat fluxes over inhomogeneous land surfaces in arid and semi-arid areas is an important but not an easy issue. In this study, one parameterization method based on satellite remote sensing and field observations is proposed and tested for deriving the regional land surface heat fluxes over inhomogeneous landscapes. As a case study, the method is applied to the Dunhuang experimental area and the HEIFE (Heihe River Field Experiment, 1988-1994) area. The Dunhuang area is selected as a basic experimental area for the Chinese National Key Programme for Developing Basic Sciences: Research on the Formation Mechanism and Prediction Theory of Severe Climate Disaster in China (G1998040900, 1999-2003). The four scenes of Landsat TM data used in this study are 3 June 2000, 22 August 2000, and 29 January 2001 for the Dunhuang area and 9 July 1991 for the HEIFE area. The regional distributions of land surface variables, vegetation variables, and heat fluxes over inhomogeneous landscapes in arid and semi-arid areas are obtained in this study.

Properties of Solar Radiation over Chinese Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

Climatic characteristics of broadband solarradiation (Rs) in Chinese arid and semi-arid areas are reported in this study. The annual average daily Rs in thearid and semi-arid areas is 16.3 ± 5.77 and 15.3 ± 5.16 MJm-2 d-1, respectively. The highest value (17.2 ± 5.84 MJm-2 d-1) appears in an arid area at Linze. The lowest valueappears in the semi-arid area of Ansai. Pronounced seasonal variation of Rs is observed with the highest value insummer and the lowest in winter. The clearness indexshowed similar seasonal pattern at most sites, with theminimum observed in the summer and the highest valuesin winter at both arid and semi-arid areas. The seasonalvariation of the ratio of Rs to its extraterrestrial value Kt inthe arid area is more significant than that observed in thesemi-arid region, and it is caused by the different range ofvariation of water vapor between arid and semi-arid areasThe seasonal fluctuations in Rs and Kt are mainly controlled by the water vapor content in these areas. Theaerosol particles have significant influence on Rs and Kt atstations with higher aerosol burden.

Impact of climate change and human activities on the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province, China

Understanding the dynamics of surface water area and their drivers is crucial for human survival and ecosystem stability in inland arid and semi-arid areas.This study took Gansu Province,China,a typical area with complex terrain and variable climate,as the research subject.Based on Google Earth Engine,we used Landsat data and the Open-surface Water Detection Method with Enhanced Impurity Control method to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province from 1985 to 2022,and quantitatively analyzed the main causes of regional differences in surface water area.The findings revealed that surface water area in Gansu Province expanded by 406.88 km2 from 1985 to 2022.Seasonal surface water area exhibited significant fluctuations,while permanent surface water area showed a steady increase.Notably,terrestrial water storage exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,correlated with the dynamics of surface water area.Climate change and human activities jointly affected surface hydrological processes,with the impact of climate change being slightly higher than that of human activities.Spatially,climate change affected the'source'of surface water to a greater extent,while human activities tended to affect the'destination'of surface water.Challenges of surface water resources faced by inland arid and semi-arid areas like Gansu Province are multifaceted.Therefore,we summarized the surface hydrology patterns typical in inland arid and semi-arid areas and tailored surface water'supply-demand'balance strategies.The study not only sheds light on the dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province,but also offers valuable insights for ecological protection and surface water resource management in inland arid and semi-arid areas facing water scarcity.

Emergy-based study on eco-economic system of arid and semi-arid region:a case of Gansu province,China

Taking Gansu province as a model case,this study provides an integrated analysis on the eco-economic system of arid and semi-arid region based on emergy synthesis theory. Through calculating the values of renewable emergy flow,non-renewable resources,imported emergy,exported emergy,waste emergy,and total emergy during the period of 1978-2007,the performance of Gansu eco-economic system was analyzed. The results indicated that the renewable emergy flow within the province basically remained steady state which was estimated at 2.99×1022 solar emjoules (sej) from 1978 to 2007. The imported emergy and exported emergy were estimated at 3.75×1017 sej and 2.99×1020 sej in 1978 and increased to 1.07×1022 sej and 1.44×1022 sej respectively in 2007. The nonrenewable emergy flow was estimated at 1.62×1022 sej and increased to 1.85×1023 sej,with annual growth rate of 8.7%,while the estimated total emergy was 4.58×1022 sej in 1978 and increased to 2.11×1023 sej in 2007,with annual growth rate of 5.41%. Our results indicate a deteriorate situation between economic development and environmental protection in the region. The rapid economic growth in the past thirty years was based on a great consumption of nonrenewable resource and caused continuous decrease in the capacity of sustainable development. The environmental loading ratio was 0.53 in 1978,increased to 6.06 in 2007,indicating a rapid degradation of the regional environment quality. We calculated that the actual population was 1.53 times the renewable resource population in 1978,increased to 7.06 times in 2007. During the period of 1978-2007,the emergy rose from 2.45×1015 sej/(capita·a) to 8.07×1015 sej/(capita·a). Our analysis revealed that the emergy density presented a trend of gradual increase,and then the emergy currency ratio in Gansu decreased from 7.08×1013 sej/Chinese Yuan to 7.82×1012 sej/Chinese Yuan.

The Effect of Polyvinyl Acetate Polymer on Reducing Dust in Arid and Semiarid Areas

Because the large areas of Iran are on arid and semiarid belt of the world, it has many problems due to windstorms. Wind storms cause dust and haze due to a mass of fine sand or silt soil elevated in the atmosphere. It makes heart disease-cardiovascular and respiratory and so is detrimental for the children. These have plagued the residents and so lives of them are disrupted every so often. In this research, the subject soil stabilization using adherence of poly vinyl acetate polymer as a way to reduce the production of dust is defined for prone area. In this paper, the effect of poly vinyl acetate polymer on silt soil has been studied. In this study the samples were uncompacted particles of soil with different amount of water-solvated polymer (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 grams per meter squared) poured over them. These samples are kept in experimental environment for 7 days. After ensuring complete dryness, their stabilities are tested against wind flow with 20 m/s speed. Results showed that adding more polymers to soil would considerably increase its particles’ stabilities. This stability is due to positive reaction of polymer with soil particles. The effect of this stability is maintained during sample drying time in the lab and the soil maintains its characteristics during testing. The best results are obtained for 20 grams polymer per meter squared, where caused an increase in stability to about 15 times that of the soil without polymer.

Nitrogen source and fate of typical orchard with gentle slope in semi-arid areas

Excessive nitrogen (N) exports caused by human activities are one of the main reasons for the numerous environmental problems in agricultural production. Orchards, as an essential part of agricultural production, play a crucial role in rural economic development and ecological environment construction. Understanding the migration pathways of N in orchards is significant for the scientific management of orchards and the reduction of environmental pollution. In this research, the source and fate of N in a typical orchard in Beijing were quantitatively analyzed. N management strategies were proposed in combination with agricultural production habits. The total N input into the orchard was 487.19 kg/hm^(2)·a, of which 85.44%, 10.99%, 3.30% and 0.27% of N input were from fertilizer application, atmospheric deposition, biological N fixation and pesticide, respectively. A large amount of N fertilizer application was the primary source of N input in the orchard. For the N fate, the N surplus in the soil could reach up to 68.40% of total N inputs, and only 20.16% were absorbed and utilized by plants. The amount of N losses through ammonia volatilization, runoff and sediment, nitrification and denitrification accounted for 10.68%, 0.39% and 0.37%, respectively. N input in the orchard mainly remained in soil, while N loss was mainly through ammonia volatilization. There were 176.72, 99.00, and 57.52 kg/hm^(2)·a N surplus in 0-40 cm, 40-80 cm, and over 80 cm soil layers, respectively. To deal with the N accumulation on the soil surface and the migration of N from the soil surface to the deep layer of orchards, reducing N fertilizer application, substituting circular furrow for the whole orchard fertilization, adjusting irrigation schedule by reducing the amount of single irrigation, increasing the frequency of irrigation to three times in the normal year, and adopting efficient water-saving irrigation technology are realizable methods.

Revisit of event-based rainfall characteristics at Shapotou area in northern China

Distribution of rainfall event sizes and interval lengths between events are important characteristics of arid and semi-arid climates. Understanding their importance will contribute to our ability to understand ecosystem dynamics in these regions. Rainfall event timing and magnitude are important drivers of ecosystem processes and are instrumental in creating land-scape heterogeneity in arid and semi-arid regions. Rainfall event characteristics were analyzed using an automatic tip-ping-bucket rain-gauge record across the entire summer monsoon season from 2008 to 2015 at the arid desert area of Shapotou in the Tengger Desert, China. Changing the minimum inter-event time （MIT） from 30 min to 24 h alters the number of rainfall events from 64 to 25 for the event depth larger than 0.1 mm. The mean rainfall intensity declined from 0.95 mm/h to 0.53 mm/h, and the geometric mean event duration rose from 0.55 h to 4.4 h. The number of rainfall events, mean rainfall intensity, and geometric mean event duration differed under different criteria of individual rainfall depths, except that for an individual rainfall depth of 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mm. The aforementioned features differed only at the lowest range of the mean rainfall intensity and depth for MIT=3 and 6 h. These findings suggest that identification of event-based rainfall in this specific arid region can be better achieved by setting the MIT at six hours. The wide variation in rainfall event properties indicate the need for paying more attention to the proper selection and reporting of event criteria in studies that adopt event-based data analysis. This is especially true in quantifying effective rainfall for soil water replenishment in terms of rainfall depth and intensity with infrequent rainfall events.

Review on Leaf Water Use Efficiency of Major Trees Species in Arid and Semi-Arid Area

The tree specie selection is the critical part in the process of vegetation restoration and reconstruction in arid and semi-arid areas.As a reliable indicator of drought resistance and water use characteristics of tree species,water use efficiency（WUE） has become a hotspot in the research on tree specie selection.This paper introduced the concept and correspondingly research method of leaf WUE and summarized the research progress of leaf WUE in terms of the variation in leaf WUE between species,positions in the canopy,and characteristics of temporal and spatial variation,its influence on environmental factors like illumination,moisture,temperature, CO2 and O3 concentrations.Furthermore,it put forward the problems currently existing in the research and prospected the trend of future research on leaf WUE.

豫西丘陵干旱区果园生草土壤培肥效应分析

以清耕为对照,研究分析了人工种植紫花苜蓿草与自然生草对果园土壤的培肥效果。结果表明:人工与自然生草均能提高土壤(0～30cm土层)有机质含量,且以表层土壤增加更为显著;人工与自然生草处理0～30cm土层土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾均有不同程度的提高,土壤微生物数量也有显著增加。表明生草能显著培肥土壤,在干旱区果园紫花苜蓿草的人工种植应大力推广。

咸阳地区近年苹果林地土壤含水量动态变化

利用人力钻采样法和烘干称重法,研究了咸阳地区2002—2008年间苹果林地6 m深度范围土壤含水量的动态变化、土壤干层的等级、土壤干层水分恢复、动力机制与消耗过程。资料表明,咸阳地区干旱年苹果林地土壤含水量较低,发育了长期性土壤干层。2003和2007丰水年苹果林地土壤干层中的水分得到了显著恢复,经过当年的水分补给,土壤干层已经消失。丰水年土层中重力水含量较高,并能到达2 m深度以下。持续时间较长的重力水的存在是土壤干层水分恢复的驱动力,但干层水分恢复的直接动力是薄膜水的水膜压力。在年降水量800 mm或更多的条件下,不论黄土厚度有多大,土层水分完全能够满足人工林生长的需要。咸阳地区干旱年苹果林地土壤水分不足,土壤水分收入量小于支出量,土壤水分为负平衡,没有剩余的水分通过入渗补给地下水;丰水年苹果林地土壤水分充足,土壤水分收入量大于支出量,土壤水分为正平衡,有剩余的水分通过入渗补给地下水。在年降水量为800 mm左右的丰水年,该区补给的土壤水分可维持苹果林地在3 a内不会出现长期性干层,3 a之后一般还会出现长期性土壤干层。

黄土高原旱地果园径流集水技术经济分析

该文通过对黄土高原旱地果园经不同处理后的集流面相关的经济指标对比分析后认为 :对面积为 3m× 4m、3m× 3m的坡面进行有机硅喷涂和压实拍光处理均是提高黄土高原旱地果园经济效益的有效方式。对面积为3m× 4m的坡面进行有机硅喷涂处理 ,效益最好 ,其 9年 (从造林至结果 )的净现值为 370 6 0 2 8 hm2 ,其产出投入比最高 ;对面积为 3m× 3m的坡面进行有机硅喷涂 ,效益其次 ,其 9年的净现值为 30 4 0 8 72元 hm2 ;对面积为 3m× 4m的坡面进行压实拍光处理后 ,9年的净现值为 2 5 198 6 8元 hm2 。在所有处理中 ,对面积为 3m× 3m的坡面进行压实拍光处理的效果最差 ,9年的净现值为 2 12 33 32元 hm2 ,但产出投入比仍较高 ,为 4 5 2∶1。

干旱区果园气温分布及变化特征分析

为揭示干旱区不同季节、不同天气类型果园气温的时间变化特征和空间(垂直、水平)分布规律,建立中心点与其他方位的温度关系,进而为今后用某点温度反演整个果园温度奠定基础,利用干旱区果园2011年6月至2013年6月小气候观测资料,分垂直、水平方向分析气温分布及变化特征。结果表明:晴天气温日较差最大,阴天最小;夏季气温变率最小,冬季最大;3.0 m处和1.5 m处气温差异在晴天时最大,阴天最小,且随着时间的变化,不同高度气温高低关系也不同;B点日平均气温均最高,且逐时气温基本高于其它站点,各站气温均呈单峰曲线,但达到峰值的时间不一致;建立果园垂直、水平方向气温关系模型,并进行检验。

南疆枣园三种不同绿肥腐解及养分释放规律研究

在新疆阿拉尔垦区枣园试验田,以毛苕子、油菜、白三叶3种绿肥为试验材料,采用田间网袋埋田法研究干旱盐渍条件下3种绿肥在枣树行间15 cm土层翻压后150 d的腐解与养分释放规律,以期为南疆果园地力培肥、生草推广提供理论依据。结果表明:3种绿肥均在翻压还田后21 d内腐解较快,腐解率均超过60%,之后腐解速率逐渐减慢。还田150 d白三叶、油菜、毛苕子累积腐解量和腐解率分别达33.32、15.91、22.87 g和83.17%、72.88%、69.92%,白三叶均最高。不同养分释放特征差异明显,碳、氮、钾在还田后21 d内释放较快,之后逐渐减慢,磷释放呈持续增长趋势。3种绿肥在翻压还田150 d碳、氮、磷累积释放率分别为73.14%~86.23%、68.18%~85.23%、77.92%~88.82%,钾残留率均低于2%,释放快且彻底,各养分释放率依次为钾>磷>碳>氮。其中白三叶碳、氮、磷、钾累积释放率均最高,分别达到86.23%、85.23%、88.82%、99.61%,且各养分残留率均与其它两种绿肥差异显著(P<0.05);毛苕子除磷素外碳、氮、钾累积释放率均最低,分别比白三叶低15.18%、20.01%和1.29%。3种绿肥养分累积释放量与释放速率依次为碳>钾>氮>磷,白三叶碳、氮、钾释放量与释放速率均显著高于其它两种绿肥(P<0.05),而油菜磷释放量和释放速率最高,分别达16.71 mg、0.111 mg·d^(-1)。综合分析表明,白三叶干物质腐解和养分释放均优于毛苕子、油菜,培肥地力效果较好,可作为南疆果园推广的生草品种。

苹果园间作苜蓿绿肥对土壤理化性质的影响

为明确苹果园种植苜蓿的生态效应,以阿拉尔市连续种植了5年苜蓿的苹果园土壤为试材,以清耕为对照,分层测定0~60 cm土壤的颗粒组成、土壤含水量、pH值与土壤养分,比较分析行间间作多年苜蓿对苹果园土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:苜蓿绿肥翻压后20~40 cm的砂粒百分比从57.9%降低到56.0%,粉砂的百分比从27.6%增加到30.4%,对土壤分形维数没有影响;20μm粒径是荒漠土壤分形维数的临界粒径。苹果园间种苜蓿能够降低0~60 cm土壤的pH,降低表层土壤盐分含量;提高土壤的总碳(3.39%~8.53%)、全氮含量(4.55%~18.99%)、Ca含量和(Ca+Mg)/K比例,降低NH3-N含量。苜蓿绿肥Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量5月高于清耕,7和9月低于清耕。相关分析表明,pH与Ca极显著负相关(P<0.01),与NH3-N显著正相关(P<0.05);TS与Ca、Mg显著正相关(P<0.05)。在干旱荒漠地区果园间作绿肥苜蓿可降低果园土壤的pH,提高土壤总碳、全氮含量和Ca的含量和(Ca+Mg)/K的比率,达到改良土壤结构和培肥地力的目的。

种植年限对渭北旱塬苹果园土壤孔隙结构及水力特征的影响

为研究不同种植年限对苹果园土壤孔隙结构及其土壤水力特性的影响,采用时空转换的方法,选取渭北旱塬2 a、13 a及33 a苹果园开展土壤结构与水力特征测定,利用压汞法获取原状土壤孔隙结构特征。以20 cm及40 cm为界将果园0~100 cm土壤划分为耕作表土扰动层、潜在犁底层与心土层。结果表明:渭北旱塬苹果园20~40 cm土壤容重较高、导水能力差且水分对作物有效性较低,有形成犁底层的可能,且随植果年龄增加果园土壤容重呈增加趋势;同一果园中大孔隙(>75μm)与中孔隙(30~75μm)土壤百分含量最大值出现在表土层,占比分别为7.63%~10.32%及10.94%~13.14%;微孔隙(5~30μm)土壤最大百分含量出现在心土层,占比为30.60%~47.85%;极微孔隙(0.1~5μm)与超微孔隙(<0.1μm)土壤含量最高值出现在潜在犁底层,占比分别达37.36%~52.55%及13.15%~19.08%。在频繁受到耕作扰动的表土层,2 a、13 a及33 a果园土壤之间各级孔隙占比非常接近;在不易受到耕作扰动的心土层,大孔隙与中孔隙土壤都表现出随耕作种植年限的增加而增加的趋势。土壤容重与其大孔隙含量呈显著负相关,与超微、极微孔隙土壤含量呈正相关,饱和导水率与容重呈显著负相关;5~30μm微孔在土壤的导水及持水方面均有重要作用,其比表面积与田间持水量呈显著正相关,其孔体积分数与饱和导水率呈显著正相关;VG模型参数n与土壤大孔隙及中孔隙含量呈显著负相关。随耕作种植年限增加,果园土壤有机质含量每5 a降低0.425 g·kg^(-1),田间持水量每5 a降低0.8%cm^(3)·cm^(-3)。研究建立的土壤水力参数回归预测模型可为苹果园高效用水提供参考。

Influence of vegetation parameters on runoff and sediment characteristics in patterned Artemisia capillaris plots

Vegetation patterns are important in the regulation of earth surface hydrological processes in arid and semi-arid areas. Laboratory-simulated rainfall experiments were used at the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Yangling, northwestern China, to quantify the effects of Artemisia capillaris patterns on runoff and soil loss. The quantitative relationships between runoff/sediment yield and vegetation parameters were also thoroughly analyzed using the path analysis method for identifying the reduction mechanism of vegetation on soil erosion. A simulated rainfall intensity of 90 mm/h was applied on a control plot without vegetation （Co） and on the other three different vegetation distribution patterns： a checkerboard pattern （CP）, a banded pattern perpendicular to the slope direction （BP）, and a single long strip parallel to the slope direction （LP）. Each patterned plot received two sets of experiments, i.e. intact plants and roots only, respectively. All treatments had three replicates. The results showed that all the three other different patterns （CP, BP and LP） of A. capillaris could effectively reduce the runoff and sediment yield. Compared with Co, the other three intact plant plots had a 12%-25% less runoff and 58%-92% less sediment. Roots contributed more to sediment reduction （46%-70%）, whereas shoots contributed more to runoff reduction （57%-81%）. BP and CP exhibited preferable controlling effects on soil erosion compared with LP. Path analysis indicated that root length density and plant number were key parameters influencing runoff rate, while root surface area density and root weight density were central indicators affecting sediment rate. The results indicated that an appropriate increase of sowing density has practical significance in conserving soil and water.

Change features of time-series climate variables from 1962 to 2016 in Inner Mongolia,China

Detecting change features of climate variables in arid/semi-arid areas is essential for understanding related climate change patterns and the driving and evolution mechanism between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems.This paper takes Inner Mongolia of China,a unique arid/semi-arid ecosystem,as the study area.We first detected trend features of climate variables using the linear trend analysis method and then detected their trend-shift features using the breaks for additive seasonal and trend method based on the time-series of monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature datasets from 1962 to 2016.We analyzed the different change features of precipitation and temperature on a regional scale and in different ecological zones to discover the spatial heterogeneity of change features.The results showed that Inner Mongolia has become warmer-wetter during the past 54 years.The regional annual mean temperature increased 0.4°C per decade with a change rate of 56.2%.The regional annual precipitation increased 0.07 mm per decade with a slightly change rate of about 1.7%,but the trend was not statistically significant.The warmer trend was contributed by the same positive trend in each season,while the wetter trend was contributed by the negative trend of the summer precipitation and the positive trend of the other three seasons.The regional monthly precipitation series had a trend-shift pattern with a structural breakpoint in the year 1999,while the regional monthly mean temperature series showed an increasing trend without a periodical trend-shift.After the year 2000,the warmer-wetter trend of the climate in Inner Mongolia was accelerated.The late 20th century was a key period,because the acceleration of the wetter trend in some local zones(I and II)and the alleviation of the warmer trend in some local zones(Ⅶ,Ⅷand IX)occurred simultaneously.Moreover,the change features had a strong spatial heterogeneity,the southeastern and southwestern of Inner Mongolia went through a warmer-drier trend compared with the other areas.The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the climate change features is a necessary background for various types of research,such as regional climate change,the evolution of arid/semi-arid ecosystems,and the interaction mechanisms between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems based on earth-system models in Inner Mongolia.

Modeling and analyzing supply-demand relationships of water resources in Xinjiang from a perspective of ecosystem services

Water shortage is one bottleneck that limits economic and social developments in arid and semi-arid areas.As the impacts of climate change and human disturbance intensify across time,uncertainties in both water resource supplies and demands increase in arid and semi-arid areas.Taking a typical arid region in China,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,as an example,water yield depth(WYD)and water utilization depth(WUD)from 2002 to 2018 were simulated using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model and socioeconomic data.The supply-demand relationships of water resources were analyzed using the ecosystem service indices including water supply-demand difference(WSDD)and water supply rate(WSR).The internal factors in changes of WYD and WUD were explored using the controlled variable method.The results show that the supplydemand relationships of water resources in Xinjiang were in a slight deficit,but the deficit was alleviated due to increased precipitation and decreased WUD of irrigation.WYD generally experienced an increasing trend,and significant increase mainly occurred in the oasis areas surrounding both the Junggar Basin and Tarim Basin.WUD had a downward trend with a decline of 20.70%,especially in oasis areas.Water resources in most areas of Xinjiang were fully utilized and the utilization efficiency of water resources increased.The water yield module in the InVEST model was calibrated and validated using gauging station data in Xinjiang,and the result shows that the use of satellite-based water storage data helped to decrease the bias error of the InVEST model by 0.69×10^(8)m^(3).This study analyzed water resource supplies and demands from a perspective of ecosystem services,which expanded the scope of the application of ecosystem services and increased the research perspective of water resource evaluation.The results could provide guidance for water resource management such as spatial allocation and structural optimization of water resources in arid and semi-arid areas.