Intervention Study on the Exercise Order of Combined Aerobic ＆ Resistance Training in the Elderly

When combined aerobic and resistance training into the same session is performed, the exercise order may lead to different effects with respect to factors such as muscle strength, hormone responses, energy metabolism, and vascular function. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise order of combined aerobic and resistance training into the same session on body composition, muscle strength and arterial stiffness in the elderly. Thirty-one elderly subjects （70.5 ± 3.5 years） were randomly assigned to 3 groups; AR： aerobic before resistance training, RA： resistance before aerobic training and CON： no training. Subjects trained 2 times per week for 10 weeks. Resistance training consisted of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions for 5 different exercises, 70%-80% of one repetition maximum （1RM）. Aerobic exercise consisted of cycling at 60% of heart rate reserve （HRR）. Significant interaction effects were observed in body fat percentage （P 〈 0.01） and 1RM （P 〈 0.01）. However, no significant differences were observed between AR and RA. In contrast, pulse wave velocity （PWV） significantly reduced in the RA （8.8± 2.1 m/s to 7.6 ± 1.9 m/s, P 〈 0.05）, while PWV increased in the AR （7.9 ± 2.8 m/s to 10.0 ± 2.6 m/s, P 〈 0.01）, and there was significant difference between AR and RA （P 〈 0.05）. In conclusion, no effects of the exercise order were observed in body composition and muscle strength. However, aerobic exercise after resistance training reduced arterial stiffness and difference of exercise order was observed.

The relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being in Chinese college students: the mediating role of psychological resilience and the moderating role of peer influence

Objective:To explore the influence of physical exercise,psychological resilience,and peer influence on subjective well-being,and then build a model of moderated mediation.Methods:Physical Activity Rating,Connor Davision Resilience Scale,Peer Influence Scale,and Index of Well-Being were used.This paper investigated 790 undergraduates.Results:(1)Physical exercise has a significant positive predictive effect on subjective well-being(β=0.43,P<0.001);(2)Psychological resilience plays a part in mediating the relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being.The mediating effect value is 0.18;(3)The relationship between physical exercise and psychological resilience moderated by the peer influence.Compared with the low peer influence(β simple=0.01,t=0.06,P>0.05),physical exercise has a stronger positive predictive effect on psychological resilience in college students with high peer influence(β simple=0.87,t=2.07,P<0.05).Conclusion:Physical exercise affects college students'subjective well-being through psychological resilience,and peer influence moderates the mediating effect of psychological resilience.

Influence of a Program Combining Amusement and Exercise on Subjective Well-Being: Six-Month Intervention Study with a Complex-Type Program for Community-Dwelling Elderly Subjects

Background: Health promotion for the elderly mainly targets improvements in physical function, and a lack of strengthening of subjective well-being as well as the creation of interaction-providing opportunities for activity and participation has been reported. Evaluations of positive and negative aspects for subjective well-being are needed. Elderly subjects were intervened through a 6-month complex-type program combining amusement and exercise and its influences on subjective well-being and physical and physiological functions were investigated. Methods: Subjects in this survey were 37 healthy elderly females living in M city, Hiroshima Prefecture (age: 69.7 ± 5.9 years old), and the survey was performed between September 2016 and March 2017. The complex-type program comprised amusement and exercise programs. The survey was performed at 4 time points during the intervention period: before the intervention and 1, 3, and 6 months during the intervention. Subjective well-being (Japanese version of the Subjective Well-being Inventory (SUBI): Mental health scores, Mental fatigue scores), salivary amylase levels, and the locomotive syndrome risk test (two-step test, stand-up test, and 25-question risk assessment) were surveyed at each time point. Regarding the duration of the intervention as a factor, changes in salivary amylase levels were analyzed using repeated measures one-way ANOVA and SUBI was tested using the Friedman test (EZR Ver 1.32). In addition, the relationship between the locomotive syndrome risk level and duration of the intervention was examined using Fisher’s test. Results: SUBI and the locomotive syndrome risk level significantly differed with time during the intervention. Slight changes were observed in salivary amylase levels during the intervention. Conclusion: The present results suggest that the complex-type program promoted interactions among community-dwelling elderly subjects and positively influenced the maintenance of and improvements in physical and physiological functions. These changes may be associated with favorable influences on the positive and negative aspects of subjective well-being.

Diets of obese and non-obese older subjects

Aim: To compare diets between obese and non-obese in healthy older subjects. Methods: Forty-five obese and eighty-seven non-obese older subjects were recruited and their habitual factors that may contribute to obesity were assessed. Intakes of food by food-group in the obesity and non-obesity groups were checked using a visual type presentation of model nutriational balance chart (MNBC). Results: Average intake ratio of food relative to ideal food intake was significantly higher in the obesity group than the non-obesity group. The relationship of obesity and exercise or habitual activities was not significant. Conclusion: Food intake is a primary factor of obesity but regular exercise or habitual activities is not a key factor for obesity in older subjects. Since exercise habit is difficult to achieve in older subjects, particularly those who are obese, food control using the present visualtype MNBC would be one strategy forthe management of obesity.

Effects of Facial Isometric Exercise on Antioxidant Capacity

Background: Facial isometric exercise is a static contraction of facial muscles without any visible movement in the angle of the joints. To examine the effects of facial isometric exercise on subjective stress and oxidative stress/antioxidant capacity. Methods: In this study, we included 13 participants (6 males, 7 females;average age, 44.8 ± 19.6 years;age range: 20 - 74 years) who were exposed to constant temperature and humidity in a room. Fifteen minutes after entering the room, the force was measured before and after facial isometric exercise of the target muscles: upper lip levator, small zygomatic, large zygomatic, levator animus, laughing, buccal, muzzle, mental, temporal, masseter, and cervical muscles), and further evaluated by comparing the facial isometric exercise group and control (non-facial isometric exercise) group (crossover test). Results: Subjective stress significantly improved by 8.7 ± 16.3 in the facial isometric exercise group, and no significant difference in oxidative stress level was observed in both the groups. However, the antioxidant capacity significantly increased by 126.8 ± 168.1 μmol/l in the facial isometric exercise group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that facial isometric exercise is an exercise therapy that can provide mental stability and antiaging effects due to improvement in subjective stress and biological antioxidant potential.

角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验与青少年锻炼行为的关系研究

目的:运用交叉滞后研究设计,探讨青少年角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验与锻炼行为的因果关系。方法:采用《锻炼认同量表》中的角色认同分量表,《因果控制点知觉量表》的内部动机分量表,《主观锻炼体验量表》的积极幸福感和心理困扰分量表,以及《体育活动等级量表》等,对1091名青少年(45.28%男生)进行为期12周、两阶段的纵向问卷调查。结果:对于青少年,角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验和锻炼行为的性别、学段差异显著(各指标男性皆高于女性,初中生皆高于高中生);角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验与锻炼行为皆具有跨时间的稳定正相关;交叉滞后分析显示,角色认同与内部动机、角色认同与锻炼行为分别存在互为因果的关系,且内部动机能够单向预测12周后的锻炼行为和主观锻炼体验,锻炼行为能够单向预测12周后的主观锻炼体验,主观锻炼体验能够单向预测12周后的角色认同。结论:在青少年体育锻炼情境中,角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验和锻炼行为具有性别、学段的非一致性特征;角色认同与内部动机、角色认同与锻炼行为分别存在互促、互抑关系,且内部动机是锻炼行为、主观锻炼体验的原因变量,锻炼行为是主观锻炼体验的原因变量,主观锻炼体验是角色认同的原因变量。

论个人信息保护民事公益诉讼起诉主体的范围与顺位

自个人信息保护民事公益诉讼在我国开展以来,理论界与实务界就对该类诉讼的起诉主体存在较大争议,分歧主要集中在范围界定与诉权顺位两个方面。《个人信息保护法》第70条虽然对该类诉讼的起诉主体作了规定,但主体范围不明以及诉权顺位不清的问题仍未得到彻底解决。要正确实施该制度,应否定“履行个人信息保护职责的部门”的起诉资格,扩张“法律规定的消费者组织”的范围,明确“由国家网信部门确定的组织”的条件,并以《民事诉讼法》第58条及不同类型民事公益诉讼之间的关系为依据,厘清不同起诉主体的诉权顺位。当受侵害对象为普通公民时,应尊重检察机关民事公益诉权的补充性,将“国家网信部门确定的组织”的起诉顺位置于检察机关之前;当受侵害对象为众多消费者时,应考虑到受侵害对象的特殊身份,依次由“法律规定的消费者组织”“由网信部门确定的组织”和检察机关行使起诉权。

主观认知下降人群运动干预研究进展

主观认知下降(SCD)是指个体自身感知到的记忆和/或其他认知水平比之前有了降低,但是客观上的检测结果还没有达到轻度认知损害(MCI)的程度。本文对SCD人群的运动干预作用机制、组织形式、运动类型、强度、运动时间、运动频率和运动效果等方面进行综述,分析现状和不足之处,以期为失智症的预防提供参考和建议。

主体性视角下农民集中居住区文化秩序重建的实践逻辑

习近平文化思想是推进建设中华民族现代文明的行动指南,为新时期全面推进乡村文化振兴提供了根本遵循。农村社区是新时期深入实施文化强国战略的实践抓手和重要阵地。农民集中居住区文化秩序变迁属于政府主导的规划型变迁,村庄集聚提升和农民集中居住导致文化空间“脱嵌”,传统村落文化模式及其再生产机制难以为继;生活方式市民化转型引发多元化、个性化文化诉求,与供给侧“文化输血”单一模式形成结构性矛盾;长期处于文化供需结构失衡将诱发社区文化主体性阙如并导致文化秩序重建困境。采用文化主体性理论视角,构建“空间-主体-要素-机制”四位一体分析框架,并基于J省N市的实证经验,阐释农民集中居住区文化秩序重建的实践逻辑。新时期深入实施文化强国和文化振兴战略进程中,农民集中居住区文化秩序主体性重建,一方面,要聚焦“农转居”后不同文化主体的多元化诉求,有效激活红色文化、乡贤文化、孝道文化、睦邻文化等内生要素禀赋,尤其要充分挖掘传统优秀文化要素和红色文化资源的多元价值;另一方面,要创新市场化、社会化、自治化等机制协同重建模式,实现经济回报、精神褒奖、情感慰藉、价值追求等多重文化秩序重建效用最优化。

《个人信息保护法》第50条(个人信息权利行使保障机制)评注

《个人信息保护法》第50条规定了个人信息权利行使的保障机制,其规范目的在于保障以知情同意为核心的信息自决权得以实现。个人信息权利行使保障机制存在双重结构:一重是以个人信息处理者为义务主体搭建的个人信息权利行使保障机制,包括权利行使申请的受理与处理机制,这一机制应当符合便捷性的要求;另一重是对保障机制的保障和兜底,以有关监管部门和法院等为救济主体,在保障机制失灵时借助国家强制力实现权利救济。为了实现保护个人信息权益和避免过度加重信息处理者成本之间的平衡,第50条在对个人信息处理者保障个人信息权利行使的义务作出原则性规定的同时,也赋予其特殊情形下的拒绝权以豁免此种义务。权利行使保障机制需要从请求受理机制、身份核查机制、请求处理机制和衔接机制四个方面进行具体的构建与完善。

数字乡村社会秩序构建的机理、困境与优化路径——基于新内生发展理论的解释视角

在乡村振兴战略和信息化、数字化快速发展的背景下,乡村需要借助数字技术推动社会秩序的重构。基于新内生发展理论视角,构建“数字—主体—资源—价值”的分析框架,对数字乡村社会秩序构建的深层机理展开探讨。研究发现,数字技术作为一种外源力量,能够有效激发乡村内生发展动力,主要借助平台赋能实现主体聚合,通过数据互通激活乡村资源,搭建互动场景强化社会关联和“共同体”意识。不过,在数字赋能乡村建设的初级阶段,也依然存在技术嵌入鸿沟、主体赋能不均、资源共享稀缺、价值观念冲突等不可避免的技术困境。因此,要进一步强化数字技术与乡村主体、资源、价值之间的适配性,通过内外之间的深度融合真正驱动数字乡村新秩序的生成。

无障碍环境建设公益诉讼制度的反思与优化

《无障碍环境建设法》第63条首次在国家立法层面专门规定了无障碍环境建设公益诉讼制度,该规定对于推进无障碍环境建设、维护不特定主体无障碍权益具有里程碑意义。对我国无障碍环境建设公益诉讼制度进行反思与优化,具有非常重要的理论和实践价值。通过研究发现,要正确实施无障碍环境建设公益诉讼制度,实现维护不特定主体无障碍权益的目的,应以《立法法》第99条的规定为依据,在无障碍环境建设公益诉讼领域优先适用《无障碍环境建设法》第63条的规定,并通过科学界定违法行为的范围,赋予残疾人联合会等群团组织民事公益诉权,确立以行政公益诉讼为优先、以民事公益诉讼为补充的诉讼顺位以及明确检察建议的类型与制发对象等方式,全面优化我国的无障碍环境建设公益诉讼制度。

体育锻炼参与的主观福利效应研究——基于中国家庭追踪调查数据的实证分析

实施全民健身国家战略,不仅需要关注居民参与体育锻炼的健康效应,更需要关注居民参与体育锻炼的主观福利效应。从降低消极情绪体验维度选取抑郁指数和提高积极感受与评价维度选取幸福感、生活满意度、工作满意度作为居民主观福利衡量指标,利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据考察参与体育锻炼对参与者主观福利的影响及作用机制。研究发现,参与体育锻炼具有主观福利效应,显著降低了参与者的抑郁指数和提高了参与者的幸福感、生活满意度、工作满意度。在影响机制方面,积累健康资本和社会资本是参与体育锻炼改善参与者主观福利的重要作用机制,即参与体育锻炼是通过提高自评健康和身体健康,以及扩展社会网络、增进社会信任和提高社会声望,进而改善参与者的主观福利状况;在异质性影响方面,参与体育锻炼降低女性、城市居民、老年群体及相对收入较高参与者抑制指数的作用更明显,提高老年参与者幸福感、生活满意度和工作满意度的作用更明显,提高女性参与者生活满意度、工作满意度的作用更明显。

体育锻炼对大学生主观幸福感的影响:完美主义和自我增强的链式中介作用

为探究体育锻炼与主观幸福感的作用机制,研究基于自我系统要素探讨了完美主义和自我增强在两者之间的链式中介作用。被试为951名大学生(年龄=19.21±1.02岁,男=515人,女=436人)。结果表明:①大学生体育锻炼与主观幸福感之间存在显著正相关(r=0.152)。②在链式中介模型中,体育锻炼对主观幸福感的总预测效应为0.0838,其中直接预测效应为0.0649,总的间接效应为0.0189,均达到了统计学意义。③体育锻炼对主观幸福感的间接影响分别由完美主义的负向中介效应(效应值为-0.0158;效应占比18.85%)、自我增强的正向中介效应(效应值为0.0326;效应占比38.90%)以及两者的正向交互效应(效应值为0.0021;效应占比2.50%)组成。④完美主义与自我增强的链式中介效应低于各自的独立中介效应,其差异均存在统计学差异。结论:体育锻炼对大学生主观幸福感具有预测效应,这种效应的机制包括体育锻炼的直接效应、完美主义的负向中介、自我增强的正向中介以及两者的链式中介作用,自我增强对完美主义的负向中介效应产生“缓冲”作用。研究建议从大学生自我增强因素入手以削减完美主义的负面影响,为有效提升体育锻炼对主观幸福感的积极效应提供理论依据。

基于有序Logistic回归模型的北京高校男生有氧能力

为探索北京高校男生有氧能力的影响因素,通过随机抽样法抽取134名18~25岁北京高校男生,空腹抽静脉血测血液指标,用德国MetaMax 3B系统实时监测气体代谢,通过线性递增方案测得最大摄氧量(maximum oxygen uptake, VO_(2max))相对值。采用Spearman相关、有序Logistic回归等分析方法进行分析处理。结果表明:回归方程中影响北京高校男生有氧能力的因素有体重(M)、心率(heart rate, HR)、每搏输出量(stroke volume, SV)、心室射血时间(ventricular ejection, VET)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin, HGB)。方程模型系数综合检验步(step)、块(block)、模型(model)检验的P均小于0.01;拟合优度检验的-2对数似然值(-2LL)为159.374,Cox&Snell R^(2)为0.331,Nagelkerke R^(2)为0.373;方程预测等级1准确率为45.5%,等级2准确率为100%,等级3准确率为100%,综合为81.8%,说明Logistic回归模型性能良好。Hosmer和Lemeshow检验预测值与观望值无显著性差异(P>0.05)。可见北京高校男生定量负荷心功能、血液指标与有氧能力的多元Logistic回归模型拟合度较好,且HR、SV、VET、HGB是预测北京高校男生有氧能力的重要因素。同时研究中受试者无需运动至极限状态,运动强度大大降低,可以有效避免运动风险的发生,回归模型的检验结果良好,适合在大样本人群中推广。

从拉康哲学的视角看元宇宙

从法国哲学家雅克·拉康的理论视角,结合其“实在界、象征界、想象界”的“三界”理论和拓扑学的观点,分析了元宇宙的超越性问题、结构问题、主体性问题,认为元宇宙是人类在自己生存环境中嵌入的一个独特的空间维度。元宇宙中的主体不再纯粹依赖现实世界,伴随着大他者的退隐,主体获得了一种不被大他者所掌控的“自由感”。然而数字大他者在元宇宙中的返场,预示着主体实现真正的回归终究只是一种幻想。通过探讨主体在元宇宙的存在状况,为在哲学层面上思考分析元宇宙提出了思想进路。

个人主观社会地位影响因素分析——基于Ordered Probit模型的估计

文章使用CLDS 2014年截面数据,选取客观因素、主观因素、社会环境因素、政治因素和控制变量共五类16个变量作为个人主观社会地位的潜在影响因素,利用Ordered Probit模型来识别并分析各变量对个人主观社会地位的影响。实证结果表明:客观因素和主观因素对个人主观社会地位的影响要远大于社会环境因素;政治参与会显著提升个人社会地位认同感。这说明人们在自评社会地位时,虽然参照了身边的社会环境,但更多地是参照自身的主、客观因素。此外,文章在识别影响因素的过程中采用模型变换的方式,深入分析了父代社会地位对子代主观社会地位的影响机制,发现父代的先赋优势会通过提升子代的收入、教育和户籍等因素来提升子代的主观社会地位。

体育锻炼对大学生主观幸福感的影响:自我效能感与心理韧性的链式中介作用

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