Knowledge and Perception of Sexual Health among Medical Undergraduates: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Sexual health education is paramount in curbing the rising numbers of sexual transmitted diseases in Malaysia. Medical undergraduates which are the future frontier play an utmost role in educating and quell the social barrier in discussion on this taboo topic. We aimed to determine the knowledge, perception and factors affecting sexual health education among medical students in MMMC and to advocate sexual health education at primary level. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 309 respondents comprises of Year 3, 4 and 5. Results: There was significant association between age, gender, religion and ethnicity and sexual health knowledge and perception score. Pearson correlation coefficient shows there was positive correlation (r = 0.059) between total sexual health knowledge percentage score and total perception score but was not significant. Conclusion: Medical undergraduates should improve their knowledge and perception regarding sexual health education. It is recommended to implement sexual education in high school curriculum and institution of higher learning in Malaysia as it is not implemented yet here due to political and religion sensitivity. It is also important that students develop personalities that are ready to accept exchange and contribute sensitive issues such as sexual health.

Evaluating the confidence level of Traditional Chinese Medicine in nursing undergraduates at Chinese medical university

Objective:To observe the confidence level prevailing with regard to the practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)among undergraduate nursing students who have undertaken TCM courses at Shanxi Medical University.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine.A questionnaire survey was administered through the Questionnaire Star website(https://www.questionstar.com/).The confidence level was examined from 6 aspects,namely cognition of TCM culture and theory,advantages and characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment,feelings about TCM achievements,personal behaviors related to TCM,attitudes toward Western medicine,and the future of TCM.The mean score of the observed items was calculated,and was found to be positively related to the confidence level concerning TCM(the score was between 1 and 5).Results:A total of 120 participants voluntarily enrolled themselves in the study.The results showed that the mean score of observed items were generally about 4.A relatively strong confidence was shown in understating TCM advantages and characteristics in diagnosis and treatment,and also in feelings toward TCM achievements.Conclusions:The majority of nursing undergraduates had confidence in TCM.However,some aspects such as the understanding of TCM culture and the correlation between TCM and Western medicine may need to be improved through education.

Impact of clinical posting in psychiatry on the attitudes towards psychiatry and mental illness in undergraduate medical students

Background A major public health problem around the world today is mental illness. Although there are several studies on the topic, it is rarely conducted in the context like the current study. Aims This study aims to find out the attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry and mental illness as a clinical medicine major and evaluate the effects of clinical posting on their attitudes towards psychiatry and mental illness. Methods This is a longitudinal study of 6 months* duration conducted with students in their fifth semester of medical college in Western India during the academic year of 2016-2017. The participants were assessed by pro forma containing demographic details, and the questionnaires—Attitude Towards Psychiatry-30 items (ATP-30) scale and Mental Illness Clinician's Attitude (MICA) scale, which were presented to the students at the beginning and at the end of their psychiatry clinical posting. The statistical analysis was done with GraphPad, InStat V.3.06. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The students' attitudes towards psychiatry were neutral at the beginning of the psychiatry clinical posting, and improved significantly at the end of the posting on both scales: ATP-30 (p=0.002) and MICA (p=0.048). The students became more positive towards the subject and mental illness in general, negative attitudes also reduced but the change was not statistically significant (p=0.058). We found significant improvement in students' thinking towards being a psychiatrist in the future post-term (p=0.0002). The changes in attitude in terms of gender were equivocal, with an increase in positive attitude and reduction in negative attitude post-term in both sexes. Conclusion Psychiatry clinical posting aids in cultivating positive attitude towards psychiatry and mental illness and reduces the stigma associated with the students of this major and psychiatric patients.

Assessment Methods Used during Clinical Years of Undergraduate Medical Education at Moi University School of Medicine, Kenya

Background: Assessment is the systematic collection, review, and use of information about educational programs undertaken to improve teaching and learning. It ensures quality in training programmes, motivates, and directs students’ learning. Assessment is also used for verification of achievement of objectives of training, feedback to students, licencing, certification, and screening of students for advanced training. It is guided by several principles, including the aims of the assessment (why assess), who to assess, timing (when to assess), what to assess, methods (how to assess), and the criteria for determining the usefulness of the assessment. Objective: To describe the assessment methods used during clinical years of the undergraduate programme at Moi University School of Medicine (MUSOM) and determine the student’s perspectives concerning the comprehensiveness, relevance, objectivity of various assessment methods and challenges faced. Methodology: The study was carried out at MUSOM and a cross-sectional study design was employed. Ten study participants were studied using convenience sampling. Data were collected using an interview guide and was analyzed using content analysis. An informed consent was obtained from the study participants. Results: The methods used during clinical years at MUSOM for assessing knowledge and its applications include multiple-choice questions (MCQ), short answer questions (SAQ), modified essay questions (MEQ), long essay questions (LEQ), and oral exam. Whereas the methods for assessing clinical competence include long case, short cases, objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE), and logbook. Students felt that MCQs were comprehensive, objective, and relevant to the curriculum content. They reported that feedback was not provided after assessments. Conclusion: The assessment methods used at MUSOM during clinical years include MCQ, SAQ, MEQ, LEQ, Short cases, long cases, and OSCE. Students reported varied perceptions of the different assessment methods but favored MCQ and OSCE over other formats for assessing knowledge and clinical skills respectively.

The Relationship between Eating Disorders and Stress among Medical Undergraduate: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Eating disorders are compulsive behaviours that can consume a person’s life to the point of becoming life threatening. Medical college can be a very stressful time and previous studies had found that stress could be a main factor leading to higher risk of eating disorder. We aimed to determine the association between stress and eating disorders among undergraduate medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 respondents comprises of Year 3, 4 and 5 medical students in private medical college in Malaysia, assessed using self-administered questionnaires which consist of social demographic data, EAT-26 and Cohen Perceived Stress Scale. The response rate of this study was 77.4%. Results: With regards to EAT-26, 11.0% of medical students were at risk of developing eating disorder and from this students who have obese BMI status (25%) had 3.9 times more likely to develop eating disorder (95% CI: 1.4 - 10.9). There was significant association between those with unsatisfactory social relationship with friends and peers (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0 - 5.9;p value 0.035) and risk of developing eating disorders (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4 - 10.9;p value 0.007). For Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), 75.5% of the respondents were having high stress level. There was no significant association between stress and the risk of eating disorders with OR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.6 - 1.7;p value 0.887. Conclusion: Majority of medical undergraduates were under stressed and there was a risky trend toward eating disorders in medical. However, based on our results it did not portray any significant association between stress and risk of developing eating disorders. Nevertheless, it should not be completely neglected. It is important to increase the awareness of medical undergraduates regarding eating disorders and its complications.

Efficient School Health Services and Sport Participation Among Nigerian Universities Undergraduates

Purpose： The purpose of the study was to ascertain the relationship between efficient medical services and Nigerian undergraduates＇ participation in sports. Methods and Materials： A randomly sampled population of 280 students and 12 managerial staff of sport and medical units participated in the descriptive study. Responses to a validated questionnaire provided the source of data. A test-retest reliability coefficient （r） = 0.80. Data were analyzed with simple percentages and Chi-square at 〈 0.05 alpha level. Results： All the respondents in medical centre and sport unit oriented the students on the available medical services and facilities on campus： availability of first aid services, treatment services for complicated injuries （inpatient）, referral services for specialized care, financial support during hospitalization. Complementary results from the students showed that the majority of the respondents （50%） strongly agreed that medical centre was available in the Campus, and 36% strongly affirmed to availability of first aid services. Thirty four percent of the respondents strongly agreed to the availability of treatment services, while 40% of the respondent agreed to the availability of free medical services. The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between efficient medical services and students＇ participation in sports. Conclusion： All medical services were available but students perceive the services as inefficient which implies poor or non utilization.

Problems and Measures of Majors of Chinese Independent Medical University

Objective:By studying the status and problems of the undergraduate major setting of independent medical universities,explore the suitable mode for independent medical universities under the new medicine in China.Results:This paper finds that these majors are set freely,update speed is slow,the subject coverage is too large,and the school features are weakened.Conclusion:Independent medical schools should improve school-running strength from their own side,seize the opportunity of new medical construction,and achieve coordinated development according to their own ability.

AB038.Assessing a novel approach to teaching ophthalmoscopy to medical student

Background:To determine if practice using an online fundus photograph program results in a long-term increase in proficiency with the direct ophthalmoscope in medical students.Methods:This study was a prospective medical education trial.Students were enrolled to participate in an objective structured clinical examination(OSCE)using five patients with ocular findings.Students who matched a minimum of 6 discs 17 months prior to the study were assigned to the intervention group and were compared to students who did not participate in the exercise.Participants:46 second-year medical students at Queen’s University:15 in the intervention group,31 in the control group.Students were evaluated using the Queen’s University Ophthalmoscopy OSCE Checklist(QUOOC).Students were asked to calculate the cup-to-disc ratio,comment on disc margins and if there was any macular pathology.Students participated in a summative OSCE as part of the curriculum in which all students attempted to match fundus photographs.Results:Students in the intervention group performed significantly better on the QUOOC with a mean score of 78.3%(+/−4.2%)compared to the control who had a mean score of 69.4%[+/−4.2%(P=0.007)].The intervention group was significantly more accurate at matching optic nerve photographs with 100%(15/15)of the students correctly identifying the correct optic nerve on first attempt compared to 53.3%(16/30)in the control group(P=0.0014).Conclusions:The use of an online peer fundus photograph program leads to a long-term increase in examination technique,proficiency in ophthalmoscopy and accuracy at matching optic nerve photographs.

我国本科生全科医学教育教学情况调查研究

背景近年来我国全科医学教育发展迅速,但尚缺乏针对本科生全科医学教育的全面调查。目的了解我国本科生全科医学教学开展现状和发展趋势。方法于2019年12月,向我国开设临床医学专业的高校的教务处发放调查问卷(n=189),问卷内容包括各高校的全科医学教学机构设置、师资及课程设置情况,于2020年6月回收问卷。为比较不同类型院校本科生全科医学教学情况的差异,将高校分为综合院校、单科院校(医学院或药学院)、中医院校、独立办学院校4类进行分析。结果共回收有效问卷175份,应答率为92.6%。2019年,设立本科生全科医学教学机构的高校有150所(85.7%);全国高校共有全科师资3371名,其中59.8%(2016/3371)在附属医院全科医学科工作;142所(81.1%)开设了全科医学选修课或必修课;68所(38.9%)高校开设了全科医学在社区卫生服务中心的毕业实习;22所(12.6%)高校开设了综合医院全科医学科毕业实习。在4类高校中,综合院校和单科院校附属医院设置全科医学科的比例均>90.0%,中医院校的设置比例为70.0%(7/10),独立办学院校的设置比例仅为63.3%(19/30);独立办学院校开设全科医学选修课或必修课的比例为60.0%(18/30),其他3类院校的开设比例均≥80.0%;单科院校开展社区卫生服务中心毕业实习的比例较高(61.2%,30/49),其次为综合院校(36.0%,31/86),独立办学院校和中医院校的开展比例≤20.0%;综合院校和单科院校开展综合医院全科医学科毕业实习的比例>10.0%,独立办学院校的开展比例为6.7%(2/30)。结论近年来我国本科生全科医学教育发展较为迅速,但仍然存在较多问题,如全科医学本科教育开展不普及、发展不均衡,非社区师资缺乏基层实践经历,教学方法和评价方式简单等。今后仍需要进一步提高发展的普及性和均衡性,并加强师资培训,丰富教学方法和评价手段。

Revision of “Introduction to General Medicine” Based on the Six-Step Curriculum Development Process

Objective:Based on the six-step curriculum development process proposed by Professor Schneiderhan et al.,the course needs,the cognition,and course summative assessment results,combined with the career preferences and work value orientation of clinical medical students undertaking the course“Introduction to General Medicine”were surveyed.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on the course cognition,course summative evaluation,and professional inclination of 233 junior medical students majoring in clinical medicine undertaking the course“Introduction to General Practice.”An analysis was conducted to provide a basis for curriculum revision in accordance with the structured composition of the curriculum development process.Results:(i)In terms of course cognition,before the course,67.0%of students were unaware of general medicine and general practitioners,73.0%of students had never participated in practical activities(including volunteer work),and 53.6%of students expressed interest in the course;there were significant differences in the growth environment,the frequency of participation in club activities,the cognition of general medicine/general practitioners before the course,participation in practical activities(including volunteer work),attentiveness to the current situation of medical treatment,and the interest toward the course(P<0.05);multi-factor logistics analysis showed that the factors influencing the interest toward the course include growth environment,frequency of participation in club activities,course cognition,participation in practical activities,and attentiveness to the current status of development of medical treatment.(ii)The course summative assessment results showed that 91.8%of students felt that it is necessary to learn this course,33.9%of students felt that the most important thing in the course is to learn the theoretical knowledge of general medicine and related diagnosis and treatment skills,53.2%of students felt that the most unfavorable factor affecting the learning of this course is the lack of interest in general medicine,and 64.4%of students hoped for more clinical practice to understand and participate in the work of general practitioners;paired t-test revealed differences in career preferences before and after the course(P<0.05);after the course,more students thought that general practitioner is an ideal career option.(iii)The results showed that 58.8%of students had considered their future specialty but did not have specific goals or plans,while 21.9%had considered their future specialty and had clear goals;there was a significant difference in professional inclination between genders as well as those who were attentive to the current state and development of medical treatment in our country and those who were not(P<0.05);with regard to the scores of importance in terms of the influencing factors of professional inclination,interest and possibility of professional development scored 3.92,ranking first,followed by income,which scored 3.91,and career prestige,which scored the lowest(3.62).Conclusion:Based on the needs assessment of clinical medical students,it is important to focus on improving students’interest in general medicine,especially their cognition and professional understanding of the course before the course itself,in addition to the development of relevant practical activities,and their attentiveness to the current state and development of medical treatment.The summative assessment results suggest that the implementation of this course has a positive influence on the career preferences of clinical medical students to a certain extent.Therefore,it is necessary to combine the course content with the development of general medicine,so as to stimulate students’interest in self-driven learning and in general medicine.This will attract more students whose work value orientation is influenced by interest and possibility of professional development to choose general practitioner as their future professional inclination.

课程思政在本科生医学心理学教学中的效果评价

目的 本研究通过在临床医学五年制医学心理学教学中融入课程思政,与传统讲授式教学方法比较,以观察课程思政在医学心理学教学中的效果。方法 选取2016—2019级吉林大学临床医学五年制进行医学心理学学习的学生323名作为研究对象,根据教学方法的不同分为对照组(传统讲授式教学方法)161名及观察组(融入课程思政教学模式)162名。于课程结束时,通过调查问卷的形式比较两组学生对医学心理学课程教学效果的评价。结果 问卷调查结果显示,观察组在心理健康与人际关系能力、自主学习能力、医患关系及医患沟通能力、岗位胜任力方面均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),各二级指标除掌握医学心理学基本知识和应用技能、创新意识及学习新知识能力方面外观察组得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在临床医学五年制本科教学过程中,融入课程思政的医学心理学教学模式,提高了学生的心理健康与人际关系、自主学习、医患关系及医患沟通等方面的能力,对提升学生岗位胜任力具有重要意义。

基于大学生生命教育理念的教学模式在本科危重症护理教学中的应用

目的:探讨基于大学生生命教育理念的教学模式在本科危重症护理教学中的应用效果。方法:采用整群抽样法,选取2022年9月学习危重症护理课程的护理本科1班学生63人为观察组,采用基于大学生生命教育理念的教学模式;护理本科2班学生64人为常规组,采用传统教学模式;比较2组课程考核成绩、批判思维能力评分、临床决策能力评分、核心急救能力评分以及对教学效果的满意度。结果:观察组基础理论考核成绩、综合操作技能考核成绩、批判性思维能力评分、临床决策能力评分、核心急救能力各维度得分以及对教学效果的满意度评分均高于常规组(P<0.01)。结论:在本科危重症护理教学中实施基于大学生生命教育理念的教学模式可促进学生掌握课程知识,培养批判思维能力与临床决策能力,提升核心急救能力,提高学生对教学的满意度。

基于创新临床思维训练的高层次本科超声技师培养初探

四川大学医学影像技术超声专业已创办6年,现已建立专业、规范的课程体系与实践技能培训模式。为了让学生能够更好地融合理论知识与实践技能,帮助其建立有效的临床思维体系,文章基于创新临床思维训练的理念对该专业的实习教学改革提出意见与建议,包括加强师资培训,塑造人才型教学团块;临床带教实行“一对一”导师制,构建“建构主义”教学模式;综合并用多种教学方式、教学方法及学习途径;重视并践行病史采集、临床资料获取,坚持定期随访与病案讨论;创新考核模式,定期举行教学效果测评等措施,助力学生在理论基础知识与临床操作技能间架起一座活学活用的临床思维桥梁,旨在为社会培养一批更优质的、更符合社会需要的高层次应用型超声技术人才。

专业英语词汇数字化游戏的设计及在护理本科生中的应用研究

目的探讨数字化游戏在护理本科生学习专业英语词汇中的应用效果。方法设计基于微信小程序的数字化学习游戏,整理医学英语词汇库,将学习任务分解为不同难度和进度的关卡,以文字、语音、图片和动画等形式呈现,并设置成就徽章、经验值和排行榜等即时反馈和奖励机制。招募90名护理专业本科生为研究对象,将学生随机分为3组,30名/组。3个组学习内容相同,第一组使用微信小程序(数字化游戏)学习医学英语词汇,第二组通过某线上平台进行学习,第三组应用纸质版学习资料进行自主学习。要求学生每天至少学习30 min医学英语词汇,持续1个月。在干预前、干预后、干预后3周对学生进行英语词汇测试。在干预后3周,调查第一组对数字化游戏的评价和满意度。结果学生英语词汇测试成绩重复测量方差分析交互效应有统计学意义(F=32.591,P<0.001)。简单效应分析显示,干预后、干预后3周第一组的成绩均高于第二、三组(P<0.05),第二组和第三组成绩差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。学生对数字化游戏效果评价较好,满意度较高。结论数字化游戏可以增强学生对医学英语的理解和记忆,可以作为护理本科生医学英语学习的辅助工具。

高等中医药院校西医内科学教学的创新探索

在高等中医药院校中医专业的学习中,西医内科学亦为重要的临床专业课程之一,但西医内科学教学面临与中医课程交叉、课时压缩、学生基础薄弱等相应问题,增加了该课程的学习难度。随着现代社会对医学人才的要求不断提高,中医药院校的临床专业学生也必须掌握西医的理论基础和临床疾病。为了贯彻国家“新医科”建设,提高中医专业西医内科学教学水平,提升本科生分析及解决临床问题的能力,笔者所在教研室总结出内科专业主讲教师+教学秘书责任制、现代化教学手段+问题/病例切入式教学、充分利用现代网络和床旁教学等不同教学模式,在实际运用中取得了很好的教学效果,得到授课教师和学生的广泛认可。文章就相关教学经验进行总结,以期为中医药院校本科生的西医内科学教学提供一定的有益建议,提高本科生的西医内科学教学水平。

置信职业行为在儿科本科实习中的应用初探

目的探索如何将置性职业行为(entrustable professional actibities,EPAs)应用于儿科学本科临床医学教育的实习阶段,提升儿科本科实习培养质量。方法选取2021年6月—2022年6月南通大学附属医院儿内科参加实习的本科医学生56名。随机分为对照组与试验组,各28名。对照组采用传统实践教学模式,试验组在传统教学模式的基础上加入EPAs评价。两组学员的培训时间均为4周。观察学生实习前后EPAs评分的差异,以及试验组和对照组学员在传统教学考核成绩方面的差异。结果试验组EPAs自评分、中级职称带教老师评分、高级职称带教老师评分均高于对照组[(16.96±1.75)分vs(39.32±2.06)分]、[(17.21±1.66)分vs(41.00±1.68)分]、[(17.35±1.64)分vs(39.86±1.84)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组病史采集、体格检查、病历书写、沟通能力评价评分及总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组体格检查、技能操作比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论EPAs评价在儿科本科实习教学中的应用可有效提高实习教学质量。

综合性医科大学中药学专业建设的实践与思考——以首都医科大学为例

首都医科大学中药学专业在长期办学实践中分析身处综合性医科大学的教育教学资源特点,结合生源及其就业趋向,逐步树立了院校教育与师承教育相结合培养中药专业人才的精品教育理念,实施一系列深化中药学专业教育教学综合改革的措施,使人才培养质量显著提升。通过专业认证更加明确自身存在的问题,并制定了持续推进国家级一流专业建设、进一步提升人才培养质量的具体措施。

基于“三导向”的医学本科生创新创业教育实践的探索

目的探讨“三导向”人才培养模式在医学本科生创新创业教育实践的可行性及实施效果。方法2020年6月—2022年6月,选择85名南昌大学第一附属医院麻醉学专业的本科生作为研究对象,根据不同的人才培养模式分为对照组和试验组。对照组43名实施传统教学模式;试验组42名实施“三导向”人才培养模式。统计分析学生的考试(包括理论考试与技能考试)成绩、“三导向”评分与创新创业满意程度。结果对照组理论成绩和技能成绩为(75.35±7.47)分、(91.37±2.47)分,高于试验组[(81.12±7.14)分、(94.76±2.80)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组执业能力、职业精神和社会适应评分为(32.47±5.05)分、(31.19±4.26)分、(24.58±3.09)分,均高于试验组[(39.00±4.93)分、(36.57±2.93)分、(27.26±2.44)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组科研兴趣、教学效果、参与创新创业类活动的意愿满意度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用“三导向”人才培养模式更能带动医学本科生进行创新创业教育实践,有利于提高学生的综合素质能力。

浙江大学医学生创新性实验项目的调查分析

大学生创新创业训练计划是高校教育教学改革的重要环节,也是高校深度融入国家创新体系的重要举措。文章就浙江大学医学部2020-2023级医学类专业本科教育阶段学生63人参与大学生创新创业训练计划项目(简称大创项目)的情况进行了问卷调查。结果表明,该项目有助于提升医学学生的综合能力,包括发现问题与解决问题的能力(73.77%)、文献检索能力(80.33%)、实验操作能力(73.77%)、数据整理与分析能力(81.97%)、学术论文构思与写作能力(62.30%)和团队协作能力(75.41%)。大创项目的训练不仅有益于提高医学生的主动学习能力和热情,而且有利于提高医学生的科研创新能力和医学生的综合能力,同时获得学术产出。

影像导航内镜解剖辅助耳鼻咽喉教学初步研究

目的:分析影像导航内镜解剖模式辅助本科耳鼻咽喉科解剖理论课的教学效果,探索耳鼻咽喉科理论教学的有效方法。方法:将173名临床医学专业学生分两组分别进行导航内镜解剖辅助教学和常规教学,收集两组学生随堂成绩及耳鼻咽喉科教学质量评分(STOTQ)问卷,比较两种教学模式的效果差异。结果:导航内镜辅助教学组的平均成绩显著高于常规教学组(p=0.019)。问卷评估显示导航内镜辅助教学更有利于理解解剖结构及空间位置、理论联系实际、提高学习兴趣。结论:影像导航内镜解剖辅助耳鼻咽喉科教学能显著提升本科生的理论教学效果。