Air pollution is a primary environmental problem in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria due to oil spills including the gas emissions associated with industrial effluents. However, a good understanding and quantificatio...Air pollution is a primary environmental problem in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria due to oil spills including the gas emissions associated with industrial effluents. However, a good understanding and quantification of atmospheric parameters (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and cloud cover) that influence air pollution (CH4, NO2 and O3) concentrations in this region could assist in the mitigation and distribution of these pollutants. This work examines the influence of atmospheric parameters on the production and distribution of air pollutants in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria for the development of control strategies that will enhance the mitigation and amelioration of the significant impacts that these atmospheric pollutants could have on the populace in this part of the country. The CH4 and NO2 data utilized in this study were sourced from the European Space Agency (ESA), while that of tropospheric ozone (O3) was obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the atmospheric parameters data were provided by the Nigeria Meteorological Agencies (NIMET), Lagos. The analysis of the daily pollutants (CH4, NO2 and O3) including the atmospheric parameters in this region of the Niger Delta for the period 2003 to 2010 was carried out using standard statistical approach including the graphical method, stepwise regression model, least-square method, and correlation analysis. The Mann-Kendal rank statistics was also utilized in identifying the meaningful long-term trends, validation and testing of the homogeneity of the concentrations of the pollutants. The results of the correlations of CH4, NO2 and O3 concentrations with their previous day’s concentrations showed a strong significance in regression analysis for both CH4 and O3. The coefficient of determination of CH4 and O3 was obtained as 0.654 and 0.810 respectively, while a very weak correlation was obtained for NO2. However, despite that a very strong negative correlation of -0.809 and -0.900 was obtained between wind speed and both the CH4 and O3 pollutants respectively, a moderate correlation was obtained between the wind speed and NO2. This implies that amongst the atmospheric parameters considered in this study for the region of the Niger Delta in Nigeria, wind speed has much influence on the variation of both CH4 and O3 concentrations, but with a little influence on the NO2 concentrations.展开更多
The use of Recurrence plots have been extensively used in various fields. In this work, Recurrence Plots (RPs) investigates the changes in the non-linear behaviour of urban air pollution using large datasets of raw da...The use of Recurrence plots have been extensively used in various fields. In this work, Recurrence Plots (RPs) investigates the changes in the non-linear behaviour of urban air pollution using large datasets of raw data (hourly). This analysis has not been used before to extract information from large datasets for this type non-linear problem. Two different approaches have been used to tackle this problem. The first approach is to show results according to monitoring network. The second approach is to show the results by particle type. This analysis shows the feasibility of using Recurrence Analysis for pollution monitoring and control.展开更多
该文主要介绍了科技部国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“首都北京及周边地区大气、水、土环境污染机理及调控原理”大气分项目的研究成果。项目分别于2001年和2003年重点开展了BECAPEX科学试验(Beijing City AirPollution Experiment)。BE...该文主要介绍了科技部国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“首都北京及周边地区大气、水、土环境污染机理及调控原理”大气分项目的研究成果。项目分别于2001年和2003年重点开展了BECAPEX科学试验(Beijing City AirPollution Experiment)。BECAPEX试验同步进行城市边界层气象与大气化学观测,通过卫星遥感、地面观测,即城市空间和地面以及点与面结合的技术途径,以揭示北京城市污染“空气穹隆”大气化学结构特征及其变化规律,为城市环境大气动力-化学模式提供基本科学参数,给出城市边界层大气物理化学过程综合模型,为提高城市环境大气物理-化学过程耦合模式的准确性和可靠性提供科学依据。该项目揭示了北京城区和城近郊区城市边界层结构与湍流特征,城市大气污染垂直结构特征;发现了城市大气污染空间结构多尺度特征,其中包括大气污染源影响和城市热岛多尺度特征;揭示了城市大气重污染过程周边源影响域,以及北京及周边地区气溶胶影响域和区域气候响应;提出了北京市典型污染源排放清单;发展了城市气象模式系统,包括冠层模式、街谷环流和热力结构以及城市高大建筑群周围风环境数值模拟;发展了空气质量模式技术,包括二次气溶胶模拟试验、北京地区SO2污染的长期模拟及不同类型排放源影响的计算与评估、影响北京地区的沙尘暴输送模拟、区域化学输送模式中NOx和O3源示踪法,城市尺度的大气污染CAPPS模式及统计模型的应用、大气污染及紫外辐射数值预报模式和CMAQ-MOS空气质量预报方法;改进了美国公共多尺度空气质量预报模式,建立了CMAQ-MOS区域空气质量动力-统计模型预报模式,以及发展的源同化技术,突破了当前空气质量模式技术“瓶颈”,使模式预报准确率明显提高。展开更多
文摘Air pollution is a primary environmental problem in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria due to oil spills including the gas emissions associated with industrial effluents. However, a good understanding and quantification of atmospheric parameters (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and cloud cover) that influence air pollution (CH4, NO2 and O3) concentrations in this region could assist in the mitigation and distribution of these pollutants. This work examines the influence of atmospheric parameters on the production and distribution of air pollutants in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria for the development of control strategies that will enhance the mitigation and amelioration of the significant impacts that these atmospheric pollutants could have on the populace in this part of the country. The CH4 and NO2 data utilized in this study were sourced from the European Space Agency (ESA), while that of tropospheric ozone (O3) was obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the atmospheric parameters data were provided by the Nigeria Meteorological Agencies (NIMET), Lagos. The analysis of the daily pollutants (CH4, NO2 and O3) including the atmospheric parameters in this region of the Niger Delta for the period 2003 to 2010 was carried out using standard statistical approach including the graphical method, stepwise regression model, least-square method, and correlation analysis. The Mann-Kendal rank statistics was also utilized in identifying the meaningful long-term trends, validation and testing of the homogeneity of the concentrations of the pollutants. The results of the correlations of CH4, NO2 and O3 concentrations with their previous day’s concentrations showed a strong significance in regression analysis for both CH4 and O3. The coefficient of determination of CH4 and O3 was obtained as 0.654 and 0.810 respectively, while a very weak correlation was obtained for NO2. However, despite that a very strong negative correlation of -0.809 and -0.900 was obtained between wind speed and both the CH4 and O3 pollutants respectively, a moderate correlation was obtained between the wind speed and NO2. This implies that amongst the atmospheric parameters considered in this study for the region of the Niger Delta in Nigeria, wind speed has much influence on the variation of both CH4 and O3 concentrations, but with a little influence on the NO2 concentrations.
文摘The use of Recurrence plots have been extensively used in various fields. In this work, Recurrence Plots (RPs) investigates the changes in the non-linear behaviour of urban air pollution using large datasets of raw data (hourly). This analysis has not been used before to extract information from large datasets for this type non-linear problem. Two different approaches have been used to tackle this problem. The first approach is to show results according to monitoring network. The second approach is to show the results by particle type. This analysis shows the feasibility of using Recurrence Analysis for pollution monitoring and control.
文摘该文主要介绍了科技部国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“首都北京及周边地区大气、水、土环境污染机理及调控原理”大气分项目的研究成果。项目分别于2001年和2003年重点开展了BECAPEX科学试验(Beijing City AirPollution Experiment)。BECAPEX试验同步进行城市边界层气象与大气化学观测,通过卫星遥感、地面观测,即城市空间和地面以及点与面结合的技术途径,以揭示北京城市污染“空气穹隆”大气化学结构特征及其变化规律,为城市环境大气动力-化学模式提供基本科学参数,给出城市边界层大气物理化学过程综合模型,为提高城市环境大气物理-化学过程耦合模式的准确性和可靠性提供科学依据。该项目揭示了北京城区和城近郊区城市边界层结构与湍流特征,城市大气污染垂直结构特征;发现了城市大气污染空间结构多尺度特征,其中包括大气污染源影响和城市热岛多尺度特征;揭示了城市大气重污染过程周边源影响域,以及北京及周边地区气溶胶影响域和区域气候响应;提出了北京市典型污染源排放清单;发展了城市气象模式系统,包括冠层模式、街谷环流和热力结构以及城市高大建筑群周围风环境数值模拟;发展了空气质量模式技术,包括二次气溶胶模拟试验、北京地区SO2污染的长期模拟及不同类型排放源影响的计算与评估、影响北京地区的沙尘暴输送模拟、区域化学输送模式中NOx和O3源示踪法,城市尺度的大气污染CAPPS模式及统计模型的应用、大气污染及紫外辐射数值预报模式和CMAQ-MOS空气质量预报方法;改进了美国公共多尺度空气质量预报模式,建立了CMAQ-MOS区域空气质量动力-统计模型预报模式,以及发展的源同化技术,突破了当前空气质量模式技术“瓶颈”,使模式预报准确率明显提高。
