The growing concern for the environment all over the world, as well as the high cost of Portland cement has placed limitation on its use as the sole binding material in concrete. This work has shown that ashes from so...The growing concern for the environment all over the world, as well as the high cost of Portland cement has placed limitation on its use as the sole binding material in concrete. This work has shown that ashes from some agricultural or other biogenic wastes when mixed with appropriate amounts of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) can be used as low-cost, environmentally, more friendly binders for concrete production, than using OPC alone. Experimental determination of requisite properties of the ashes of rice husk, coconut husk, palm leaf, bamboo leaf and peanut shell revealed that they satisfy the essential requirements for pozzolans. Further experimental work was carried out on OPC/rice husk ash (RHA) and OPC/coconut husk ash (CHA) concretes to determine their essential properties in fresh and hardened states. Although the initial and final setting times of OPC/RHA and OPC/CHA pastes were longer than the setting times of 100% OPC paste, they are all within the limits specified by relevant standards. The workability of fresh concrete produced by partially replacing OPC with either of RHA and CHA was found to be better than with 100% OPC. It was also shown that the porosity of OPC/RHA and OPC/CHA concretes was less than the porosity of OPC concrete. Strength tests using very finely ground RHA and CHA to partially replace Portland cement in concrete production showed that at up to 15% replacement the strength activity index of each of them is greater than 100%, which indicating that they are excellent pozzolans.展开更多
One of the most active fields of research embraced by many disciplines, including civil engineering, is material reuse. It is known that ceramics wastes from various construction and demolition sites and manufacturing...One of the most active fields of research embraced by many disciplines, including civil engineering, is material reuse. It is known that ceramics wastes from various construction and demolition sites and manufacturing processes are dumped away into the environment, resulting in the pollution that threatens both agriculture and public health. Therefore, the utilization of ceramic waste in construction industries would help to protect the environment from such pollutions. This paper presents the results of an experimental analysis of the effects of partial replacement of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, and ordinary Portland cement with the ceramic waste, at percentage levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%;and the assessment of the strength property of the concrete produced with optimum combination of the constituents. Compressive strengths of this concrete were determined at 7, 28, and 56 days of curing using 150 </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">×</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 150 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">×</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 150 mm cube specimens. Test results showed that the compressive strength of the concrete decreased as the content of ceramic waste present in the concrete increased. Thus, concrete produced from the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement with ground ceramics gave compressive strengths of 16.6 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 13.4 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at 5% and 20% replacement levels respectively. Similarly, the compressive strengths of concrete from the partial replacement of sand with fine ceramics were 13.8 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 10.9 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for 5% and 20% replacements respectively. For 5% and 20% replacement levels of granite with crushed ceramics in concrete gave a compressive strength of 11.6 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 9.7 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, respectively. For concrete derived from the partial replacement of stone dust with fine ceramics, the compressive strengths were 19.6 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 18.10 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> respectively for 5% and 20%. For concrete produced from the partial replacement of bush gravel with crushed ceramics, the compressive strengths obtained were 10.9 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 8.98 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> respectively for 5% and 20% replacements. Finally, the concrete derived from the optimal combination of binary cement, ternary fine, and coarse aggregate had a compressive strength of 22.20 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> which is higher than the compressive strength of the control mixture at 18.10 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The result of the ANOVA carried out showed that the compressive strength obtained for each partial replacement of different components is statistically significant at 5%, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the change in the compressive strength of the concrete produced is due to the presence of ceramic waste.展开更多
文摘The growing concern for the environment all over the world, as well as the high cost of Portland cement has placed limitation on its use as the sole binding material in concrete. This work has shown that ashes from some agricultural or other biogenic wastes when mixed with appropriate amounts of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) can be used as low-cost, environmentally, more friendly binders for concrete production, than using OPC alone. Experimental determination of requisite properties of the ashes of rice husk, coconut husk, palm leaf, bamboo leaf and peanut shell revealed that they satisfy the essential requirements for pozzolans. Further experimental work was carried out on OPC/rice husk ash (RHA) and OPC/coconut husk ash (CHA) concretes to determine their essential properties in fresh and hardened states. Although the initial and final setting times of OPC/RHA and OPC/CHA pastes were longer than the setting times of 100% OPC paste, they are all within the limits specified by relevant standards. The workability of fresh concrete produced by partially replacing OPC with either of RHA and CHA was found to be better than with 100% OPC. It was also shown that the porosity of OPC/RHA and OPC/CHA concretes was less than the porosity of OPC concrete. Strength tests using very finely ground RHA and CHA to partially replace Portland cement in concrete production showed that at up to 15% replacement the strength activity index of each of them is greater than 100%, which indicating that they are excellent pozzolans.
文摘One of the most active fields of research embraced by many disciplines, including civil engineering, is material reuse. It is known that ceramics wastes from various construction and demolition sites and manufacturing processes are dumped away into the environment, resulting in the pollution that threatens both agriculture and public health. Therefore, the utilization of ceramic waste in construction industries would help to protect the environment from such pollutions. This paper presents the results of an experimental analysis of the effects of partial replacement of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, and ordinary Portland cement with the ceramic waste, at percentage levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%;and the assessment of the strength property of the concrete produced with optimum combination of the constituents. Compressive strengths of this concrete were determined at 7, 28, and 56 days of curing using 150 </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">×</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 150 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">×</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 150 mm cube specimens. Test results showed that the compressive strength of the concrete decreased as the content of ceramic waste present in the concrete increased. Thus, concrete produced from the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement with ground ceramics gave compressive strengths of 16.6 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 13.4 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at 5% and 20% replacement levels respectively. Similarly, the compressive strengths of concrete from the partial replacement of sand with fine ceramics were 13.8 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 10.9 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for 5% and 20% replacements respectively. For 5% and 20% replacement levels of granite with crushed ceramics in concrete gave a compressive strength of 11.6 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 9.7 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, respectively. For concrete derived from the partial replacement of stone dust with fine ceramics, the compressive strengths were 19.6 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 18.10 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> respectively for 5% and 20%. For concrete produced from the partial replacement of bush gravel with crushed ceramics, the compressive strengths obtained were 10.9 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 8.98 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> respectively for 5% and 20% replacements. Finally, the concrete derived from the optimal combination of binary cement, ternary fine, and coarse aggregate had a compressive strength of 22.20 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> which is higher than the compressive strength of the control mixture at 18.10 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The result of the ANOVA carried out showed that the compressive strength obtained for each partial replacement of different components is statistically significant at 5%, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the change in the compressive strength of the concrete produced is due to the presence of ceramic waste.