Unique method for removal of knotted lumbar epidural catheter: A case report

BACKGROUND Combined spinal-epidural(CSE)anesthesia is the preferred anesthesia method for cesarean delivery.The use of an epidural catheter is essential for administering additional drugs intraoperatively and managing postoperative pain.However,the insertion of epidural catheters is associated with various complications,such as total spinal anesthesia,symptoms indicative of spinal nerve root irritation,and challenges in epidural catheter removal.CASE SUMMARY We present a case report of a challenging epidural catheter removal due to knotting.The lumbar computed tomography scan results revealed that the catheter formed a tight knot in the epidural space.We used a novel extubation method and successfully removed the catheter.CONCLUSION The operator can use opposite forces to"spiral"apart the spinal joints by positioning the patient's body in a specific position.The findings indicate that,when combined with imaging examination results,this method is effective for the removal of epidural catheters.

Importance of Stewards and Other Protection Efforts for Conservation of Red Knots (Calidris canutus rufa) and Other Shorebirds on Delaware Bay, New Jersey

Understanding the factors that contribute to population stability in long-distance migrant birds is increasingly important, particularly given global climate change, sea level rise, and loss or disturbance at essential habitats. While the populations of most shorebirds are declining worldwide, those that migrate through Delaware Bay, New Jersey and Delaware, are declining at the most rapid rate despite conservation efforts. In this paper, we 1) provide background information on population declines of red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) using Delaware Bay, threats to their foraging, and efforts to reduce threats, 2) summarize briefly our studies of the effects of human activities on knots and other shorebirds, 3) present data on management efforts to protect knots and other shorebirds from the activities of people, and 4) discuss the efficacy of such efforts (usually referred to as “decreasing the effect of human disturbances”). The Shorebird Project on Delaware Bay is over 25 years old and provides long-term data to help assess the status of shorebird numbers, particularly for red knot, as well as the density of horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) and their eggs. Red knots have continued to decline even more precipitously in the last few years, presenting cause for concern. Protective efforts have been successful in reducing human disruption on the N.J. Delaware Bay beaches, but the lack of uniformity in implementation across the New Jersey side, and across the whole Bay have hampered further improvements. Implementation of signs, fencing, and stewards on some beaches significantly enhanced the use of these beaches by red knots, determined by examining the use of beaches pre- and post-implementation. Implementation of fencing and stewards had the greatest effect. From 1986 to 2018, there was a significant shift in the percent of Delaware Bay red knots using the NJ side, where protection efforts had been implemented on many of the beaches. Merely restricting access (without fencing or other efforts) did not result in more knots using the beaches post-restriction. This is the first paper that clearly shows the protective effects of having beach stewards. We discuss the long-term needs for continued management of Delaware Bay beaches, and other beaches coastwide, and of determining the causes of population declines of red knots.

Diet of Great Knots (Calidris tenuirostris) during spring stopover at Chongming Dongtan,China

Variable and unpredictable food resources at stopover sites bring severe challenges to migrating shorebirds. Opportunistic foraging strategies, referring to shorebirds consuming prey in proportion to their availability, allow shorebirds to replenish fuel and nutrient reserves efficiently for continuing their migration. Chongming Dongtan, located in the Yangtze River estuary of eastern China, is the first major stopover site of shorebirds on the Chinese mainland during their northward migration. We investigated the diet of Great Knots (Calidris tenuirostris) at Chongming Dongtan during the spring stopovers of 2009 and 2010 through benthos sampling and dropping analysis. The benthos samples were categorized into gastropods, bivalves, polychaetes, crustaceans and insect larvae. Dropping analysis indicated that gastropods and bivalves constituted more than 70% of the diet of the Great Knot, with Assiminea violacea and Corbicula fluminea being the most frequently consumed. Chi-square tests indicated that for each prey category, there was no significant difference between the frequency of its occurrence in the benthos samples and dropping samples during the early stopover periods of 2009 and 2010 and during the late stopover periods of 2010. Although there was a statistically significant difference between the frequency of occurrence of prey in the total macrobenthos and in the droppings of the Great Knots during the late stopover period in 2009, the more abundant prey were more frequently consumed by the Great Knots. This suggests that Great Knots adopted an opportunistic foraging strategy during their stopover at Chongming Dongtan.

Incompressible Pairwise Incompressible Surfaces in Knot Exteriors

We discuss the properties of incompressible pairwise incompressible surfaces in a knot complement by using twist crossing number. Let K be a pretzel knot or rational knot that its twistindex is less than 6, and let F be an incompressible pairwise incompressible surface in S 3-K. Then F is a punctured sphere.

Effect of Anti-nematode Preparations on Physiological Traits of Tomato Leaves Affected by Root-knot Nematode

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effects of anti-nematode preparations with different mechanisms on changes of enzyme systems and membrane permeability of tomato leaves, so as to provide reference basis for effective control of soil root-knot nematode in greenhouse. [ Method] With tomato seedlings af- fected by root-knot nematode as material, changes of superoxide dismutase（SOD）, peroxidase（ POD）, relative conductivity and malondialdehyde （MDA） in toma- toes were tested after the seedling soil was treated by preparations of Wuxianmei, Hailvsu, Duxiandna and Avermectin. [ Result] After treated by different prepara- tions, SOD and POD activity of tomato leaves were higher than control, and that treated by Wuxianmei was the highest. In addition to Duxiandna, the relative con- ductivity and MDA content of other treatments were significantly lower than control. When tomatoes were planted for 70 d, the effect of Avermectin against reot-knot nematode Was the best of 66.3%. [ Conclusion] After tomatoes were infected by root-knot nematode, different preparation treatments all had certain control effect, which made the physical indicators of tomato have obvious change. Integrated control of multiple preparations in greenhouse was beneficial to control soil root-knot nematode.

两类特殊的Unknotting数为1的纽结

就纽结不变量中的Unknotting数进行一些研究,将Unknotting数为1的纽结必为素纽结这一结论推广得出:当u(k_1)+u(k_2)=2时,有u(k_1#k_2)=u(k1)+u(k2),利用Unknotting数为1的2- Bridge结的等价定理,得出Unknotting数为1的特殊的2-Bridge结,再根据纽结的性质,给出了两种Un- knotting数为1的特殊的排叉结。

KNOT认证加密算法的零和区分器分析

KNOT认证加密算法是国际轻量级密码算法征集竞赛活动第2轮入围的候选算法之一。该算法具有软硬件实现快、资源消耗低等特点,其安全性受到了全球广泛的关注。基于标志位技术,提出了密码S盒的新可分性模型构建方法。同时,利用KNOT-256的算法结构,构建了KNOT-256密码算法新的可分性的混合整数线性规划模型,并由此设计了该算法零和区分器的自动化新搜索方法。研究结果表明:KNOT-256置换存在30轮的零和区分器,尽管该区分器对KNOT认证加密算法(分组长度为256的版本的初始化轮数是52轮)的安全性没有造成实际的威胁,但得到的结果证实了新的零和区分器构造方法是有效的。

FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF ARBITRARY SHAPED PLATES BY BOUNDARY KNOT METHOD

The boundary knot method （BKM） is a truly meshless boundary-type radial basis function （RBF） collocation scheme, where the general solution is employed instead of the fundamental solution to avoid the fictitious outside boundary of the physical domain of interest. In this study, the BKM is first used to calculate the free vibration of free and simply-upported thin plates. Compared with the analytical solution and ANSYS （a commercial FEM code） results, the present BKM is highly accurate and fast convergent.

Zeros of the Jones Polynomial for Torus Knots and 2-bridge Knots

We study zeros of the Jones polynomial and their distributions for torus knots and 2-bridge knots. We prove that e(2m+1)πi/2and e(2m+1)πi/4(m is a positive integer)can not be the zeros of Jones polynomial for torus knots T p,q by the knowledge of the trigonometric function. We elicit the normal form of Jones polynomials of the 2-bridge knot C(-2, 2, ···,(-1)r2) by the recursive form and discuss the distribution of their zeros.

Nice knot缝线技术治疗骨性锤状指

2017年4月~2019年2月,我科采用Nice knot缝线技术治疗15例骨性锤状指患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组15例,男9例,女6例,年龄19~45岁。典型表现为锤状指畸形,X线检查显示远节指骨基底部背侧撕脱骨折。均为新鲜闭合损伤。伤后至手术时间3~7 d。1.2治疗方法臂丛麻醉下手术。

Geological Characteristics and Ore-controlling Factors of the Beiya Gold–Polymetallic Ore Deposit, Northwestern Yunnan Province

Based on comprehensive petrological, geochronological, and geochemical studies, this study analyzed the relationships between the Beiya gold-polymetallic skarn deposit and quartz syenite porphyries, and discussed the source（s） and evolution of magmas. Our results suggest that syenite porphyries（i.e. the Wandongshan, the Dashadi, and the Hongnitang porphyries）, which formed between the Eocene and the early Oligocene epochs, are the sources for the gold-polymetallic ores at the Beiya deposit. Carbonate rocks（T2 b） of the Triassic Beiya Formation in the ore district provide favorable host space for deposit formation. Fold and fault structures collectively play an important role in ore formation. The contact zone between the porphyries and carbonates, the structurally fractured zone of carbonate and clastic rocks, and the zone with well-developed fractures are the ideal locations for ore bodies. Four types of mineralization have been recognized： 1） porphyry-style stockwork gold–iron（copper） ore, 2） skarn-style gold-iron（copper and lead） ore in the near contact zone, 3） strata-bound, lense-type lead–silver–gold ore in the outer contact zone, and 4） distal vein-type gold–lead–silver ore. Supergene processes led to the formation of oxide ore, such as the weathered and accumulated gold–iron ore, the strata-bound fracture oxide ore, and the structure-controlled vein-type ore. Most of these ore deposits are distributed along the axis of the depressed basin, with the hypogene ore controlling the shape and characteristics of the oxide ore. This study provides critical geology understanding for mineral prospecting scenarios.

Predicting Financial Contagion and Crisis by Using Jones, Alexander Polynomial and Knot Theory

Topological methods are rapidly developing and are becoming more used in physics, biology and chemistry. One area of topology has showed its immense potential in explaining potential financial contagion and financial crisis in financial markets. The aforementioned method is knot theory. The movement of stock price has been marked and braids and knots have been noted. By analysing the knots and braids using Jones polynomial, it is tried to find if there exists an untrivial knot equal to unknot? After thorough analysis, possible financial contagion and financial crisis prediction are analysed by using instruments of knot theory pertaining in that sense to Jones, Laurent and Alexander polynomial. It is proved that it is possible to predict financial disruptions by observing possible knots in the graphs and finding appropriate polynomials. In order to analyse knot formation, the following approach is used: “Knot formation in three-dimensional space is considered and the equations about knot forming and its disentangling are considered”. After having defined the equations in three-dimensional space, the definition of Brownian bridge concerning formation of knots in three-dimensional space is defined. Using analogy method, the notion of Brownian bridge is translated into 2-dimensional space and the foundations for the application of knot theory in 2-dimensional space have been set up. At the same time, the aforementioned approach is innovative and it could be used in accordance with stochastic analysis and quantum finance.

Quantitative analysis of geological ore-controlling factors and stereoscopic quantitative prediction of concealed ore bodies

To address the issues for assessing and prospecting the replaceable resource of crisis mines, a geological ore-controlling field model and a mineralization distribution field model were proposed from the viewpoint of field analysis. By dint of solving the field models through transferring the continuous models into the discrete ones, the relationship between the geological ore-controlling effect field and the mineralization distribution field was analyzed, and the quantitative and located parameters were extracted for describing the geological factors controlling mineralization enrichment. The method was applied to the 3-dimensional localization and quantitative prediction for concealed ore bodies in the depths and margins of the Daehang mine in Guangxi, China, and the 3-dimensional distribution models of mineralization indexes and ore-controlling factors such as magmatic rocks, strata, faults, lithology and folds were built. With the methods of statistical analysis and the non-linear programming, the quantitative index set of the geological ore-controlling factors was obtained. In addition, the stereoscopic located and quantitative prediction models were set up by exploring the relationship between the mineralization indexes and the geological ore-controlling factors. So far, some concealed ore bodies with the resource volume of a medium-sized mineral deposit are found in the deep parts of the Dachang Mine by means of the deep prospecting drills following the prediction results, from which the effectiveness of the predication models and results is proved.

KNOT STRENGTH OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILE FIBRES

In this paper, the knot strengths of the seven strands which were made of polyethleneterephthalate(PET), nylon 6, polyvinyl formal fibre, polypropylene and polyethylene with differentspecification used for industrial purposes were tested and discussed. The results of experimentshow: the knot strength loss does not only depend on the breaking elongation and the diameter ofsample, but also on the shape of the load-extension curve and twist factor of sample and other fac-tors; the range of the knot strength loss and the breaking energy loss vary in a wide range, in thepresent case. the former is from 2.7% to 58.14% and the latter from 16.36% to 78.76%. Thestrength loss of the polypropylene filament is the least among the samples investigated.

CALCULATION OF HAMILTONIAN CONSTRAINT AND MANDELSTAM IDENTITIES OVER EXTENDED KNOT FAMILIES {ψ_i}_2~2, {ψ_i}_4~3 and {ψ_i}_6~4

The actions of the Hamiltonian constraint onto the members of the extended knot families {φi}2^2, {φi}3^4 and {φi}4^6, and the check of their invariance under the Mandelstam identities are given in the extended loop representation of loop quantum gravity.

Resistance of Grafted Tomato with Guozhen 1 as Stock against Root Knot Nematodes in Field

[Objective] This study aimed to study the resistance of grafted tomato with Guozhen 1 as stock against root knot nematodes. [Method] Tomato seedlings were grafted with Guozhenl （T1） and Solanum torvum （T2） as the rootstock, respectively. Self-rooted tomato seedlings were treated as the control （CK）. The resistance of tomato against root knot nematodes was compared among the three treatments. [Result] Compared with those in the T2 and CK groups, the yield of tomato in the T1 group was increased by 17 436.75 and 31 753.65 kg/hm2 respectively, the plant height was increased by 10.55 and 14.54 cm respectively （P〈0.05）, and the stem diameter was increased by 0.56 and 1.13 cm respectively （P〈0.05）. The disease indexes of root knot nematodiasis in the three treatments were 0.55, 10.42 and 45.31, respectively, and there were significant differences among them （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] This study will provide a theoretical basis for the control of root knot nematodes in tomato by grafting.

Exogenous Peroxidase Mitigates Cadmium Toxicity, Enhances Rhizobial Population and Lowers Root Knot Formation in Rice Seedlings

Soil cadmium (Cd) causes toxicity and oxidative stress, alters biochemical processes and rootknot formation in rice. Irrigation of exogenous peroxidase (POX) together with its co-substrate H2O2(POXRice + H2O2), is likely to have protective effect upon the biochemical and nodular changes in ricegrown in Cd-rich soil. Exposure to Cd concentration of 1.00 mg/L increased oxidative stress, loss of cellviability, electrolyte leakage and root knot formation, whereas it significantly lowered the chlorophyll leveland rhizobium growth in rice. Irrigation of exogenous POXRice + H2O2 to Cd-stressed rice seedlingsreversed the Cd-induced alterations in rice to levels similar in control (non-stressed) seedlings. Resultsprovided strong evidence of exogenous POXRice + H2O2-mediated reversal and restoration of physiologicaland biochemical processes as well as increased resistance of rice seedlings to root knot formation.Irrigation with POXRice + H2O2 appeared to contribute towards bringing normoxic conditions in the otherwisehypoxic soil environment by enhancing the O2 in pot-experiments due to reduced Cd uptake, enhancedmineral homeostasis of essential elements viz. P, Fe, Mo, Mg and Mn for maintenance of root architecturedamaged by lipid peroxidation and reduction in oxidative stress by reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygenspecies generation. Therefore, the mitigation of Cd-toxicity in rice through this novel approach appeared tobe a promising mode to limit Cd-uptake, modulate protective and tolerance mechanisms for sustainablerice yield in Cd-contaminated rice-croplands and prevent nematode attack in rice, however, more detailedstudies are needed prior to large scale applications.

The synergistic advantage of combining chloropicrin or dazomet with fosthiazate nematicide to control root-knot nematode in cucumber production

The highly-damaging root-knot nematode(Meloidogyne spp.,RKN)cannot be reliably controlled using only a nematicide such as fosthiazate because of increasing pest resistance.In laboratory and greenhouse trials,we showed that chloropicrin(CP)or dazomet(DZ)synergized the efficacy of fosthiazate against RKN.The combination significantly extended the degradation half-life of fosthiazate by an average of about 1.25 times.CP or DZ with fosthiazate reduced the time for fosthiazate to penetrate the RKN cuticle compared to fosthiazate alone.CP or DZ combined with low or medium rate of fosthiazate increased the total cucumber yield,compared to the use of each product alone.A low-dose fosthiazate with DZ improved total yield more than a low dose fosthiazate with CP.Extending the half-life of fosthiazate and reducing the time for fosthiazate or fumigant to penetrate the RKN cuticle were the two features that gave the fumigant-fosthiazate combination its synergistic advantage over these products used singularly.This synergy provides the opportunity for farmers to use a low dose of fosthiazate which lowers the risk of RKN resistance.Farmers could combine DZ at 30 g m^-2 with fosthiazate at a low rate of 0.375 g m^-2 to control RKN and adequately control two major soil-borne diseases in cucumber greenhouses.

Knot formation in the feeding jejunostomy tube:A case report and review of the literature

Jejunostomy feeding tubes provide surgeons with an excellent method for providing nutritional support, but there are several complications associated with a tube jejunostomy, including complications resulting from placement of the tube, mechanical problems related to the location or function and development of focally thickened small-bowel folds. A 76-year old man who presented with multiple medical diseases was admitted to our hospital due to aspiration pneumonia with acute respiratory failure and septic shock. He underwent exploratory laparotomy with feeding jejunostomy using a 14-French nasogastric tube for nutritional support. However, occlusion of the feeding tube was found 30 d after operation, and a rare complication of knot formation in the tube occurred after a new tube was replaced. On the following day, the tube was removed and replaced with a similar tube, which was placed into the jejunum for only 15 cm. The patient's feedings were maintained smoothly for two months. Knot formation in the feeding tube seems to be very rare. To our knowledge, this is the third case in the literature review. Its incidence is probably related to the length of the tube inserted into the lumen.

The Characteristics of Ore-Controlling Structure in Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn Polymetallic Deposit,Hunan Province

The Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit is lied in the central Nanling mineralization zone,and belongs to the junction area of the Chenzhou-Linwu fault zone and the Leiyang-Linwu fault zone.It is a significant part of Nanling polymetallic deposit belt.The outcropping stratas consist of upper Devonian Shetianqiao,Xikuangshan Formation,Lower Carboniferous Menggong’ao,Shidengzi,Ceshui,and Zimenqiao Formation.Igneous rocks in the Baoshan ore area mainly comprise granodiorite porphyry.Furthermore,the radio isotopic age ranges from 123 Ma to 183 Ma,belonging to the early to middle Yanshanian.