Geological Characteristics and Ore-controlling Factors of the Beiya Gold–Polymetallic Ore Deposit, Northwestern Yunnan Province

Based on comprehensive petrological, geochronological, and geochemical studies, this study analyzed the relationships between the Beiya gold-polymetallic skarn deposit and quartz syenite porphyries, and discussed the source（s） and evolution of magmas. Our results suggest that syenite porphyries（i.e. the Wandongshan, the Dashadi, and the Hongnitang porphyries）, which formed between the Eocene and the early Oligocene epochs, are the sources for the gold-polymetallic ores at the Beiya deposit. Carbonate rocks（T2 b） of the Triassic Beiya Formation in the ore district provide favorable host space for deposit formation. Fold and fault structures collectively play an important role in ore formation. The contact zone between the porphyries and carbonates, the structurally fractured zone of carbonate and clastic rocks, and the zone with well-developed fractures are the ideal locations for ore bodies. Four types of mineralization have been recognized： 1） porphyry-style stockwork gold–iron（copper） ore, 2） skarn-style gold-iron（copper and lead） ore in the near contact zone, 3） strata-bound, lense-type lead–silver–gold ore in the outer contact zone, and 4） distal vein-type gold–lead–silver ore. Supergene processes led to the formation of oxide ore, such as the weathered and accumulated gold–iron ore, the strata-bound fracture oxide ore, and the structure-controlled vein-type ore. Most of these ore deposits are distributed along the axis of the depressed basin, with the hypogene ore controlling the shape and characteristics of the oxide ore. This study provides critical geology understanding for mineral prospecting scenarios.

Quantitative analysis of geological ore-controlling factors and stereoscopic quantitative prediction of concealed ore bodies

To address the issues for assessing and prospecting the replaceable resource of crisis mines, a geological ore-controlling field model and a mineralization distribution field model were proposed from the viewpoint of field analysis. By dint of solving the field models through transferring the continuous models into the discrete ones, the relationship between the geological ore-controlling effect field and the mineralization distribution field was analyzed, and the quantitative and located parameters were extracted for describing the geological factors controlling mineralization enrichment. The method was applied to the 3-dimensional localization and quantitative prediction for concealed ore bodies in the depths and margins of the Daehang mine in Guangxi, China, and the 3-dimensional distribution models of mineralization indexes and ore-controlling factors such as magmatic rocks, strata, faults, lithology and folds were built. With the methods of statistical analysis and the non-linear programming, the quantitative index set of the geological ore-controlling factors was obtained. In addition, the stereoscopic located and quantitative prediction models were set up by exploring the relationship between the mineralization indexes and the geological ore-controlling factors. So far, some concealed ore bodies with the resource volume of a medium-sized mineral deposit are found in the deep parts of the Dachang Mine by means of the deep prospecting drills following the prediction results, from which the effectiveness of the predication models and results is proved.

The Characteristics of Ore-Controlling Structure in Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn Polymetallic Deposit,Hunan Province

The Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit is lied in the central Nanling mineralization zone,and belongs to the junction area of the Chenzhou-Linwu fault zone and the Leiyang-Linwu fault zone.It is a significant part of Nanling polymetallic deposit belt.The outcropping stratas consist of upper Devonian Shetianqiao,Xikuangshan Formation,Lower Carboniferous Menggong’ao,Shidengzi,Ceshui,and Zimenqiao Formation.Igneous rocks in the Baoshan ore area mainly comprise granodiorite porphyry.Furthermore,the radio isotopic age ranges from 123 Ma to 183 Ma,belonging to the early to middle Yanshanian.

Mineralization and Ore-controlling Implications of Low-angle Faults

Abstract Low-angle faults include those occurring in thrust-nappe structures in a compressive setting and the detachment of metamorphic core complexes in an extensional setting. All low-angle faults have their own particularities. The low-angle fault plays an important role in controlling over some endogenetic metallic ore deposits. Based on studies of the Xiaoban gold deposit, Xinzhou gold deposit, and Longfengchang polymetallic ore deposit, and comparisons with other mines, the authors conclude the ore-controlling implications of low-angle faults as follows. (1) Because of high temperature and high pressure, as well as strong ductile deformation, the internal energy of the elements rises in the large-scale deep ductile low-angle faults, which causes the elements to activate and differentiate from the source rocks, forming ore-bearing hydrothermal solution, and bring mineralization to happen. (2) When rising from depths and flowing along the low-angle faults, the ore-bearing hydrothermal solution will alter and replace the tectonites in the fault zone. The rocks of the hanging side and the heading side differ in lithology, texture and structure, which results in changes or dissimilarities of the physical-chemical conditions. This destroys the balance of the hydrothermal solution system and causes the dissolved ore-forming elements to precipitate; as a result, a deposit is formed. Therefore, the meso-shallow ductile-brittle low-angle faults play the role of a geochemical interface in the process of mineralization. (3) Low-angle faults are often one of the important host structures.

Analysis of Ore-controlling Structure in the Qifengcha-Detiangou Gold Deposit,Huairou County,Beijing

The Qifengcha-Detiangou gold deposit is a medium-sized deposit recently found in Huairou County, Beijing. It belongs to the altered mylonite type with superimposed quartz vein type and is related to the early Yanshanian magmatic activity. Characterized by multiperiodic activity, the NE-trending Qifengcha fault is a regional ore-controlling structure in the area, and gold mineralization develops only in its southeastern part. Meanwhile, gold mineralization is controlled by the Yunmengshan metamorphic core complex. The nearly N-S- and E-W-trending low-angle detachment faults, reformed by the Qifengcha fault in the northwestern part of the core complex, are the main ore-bearing faults. All discovered gold deposits are located within an area 1.5–4.0 km away from the boundary of the upwelling centre. The N-S- (NNE-) and E-W-trending ore-bearing faults are ductile-brittle structural zones developing in shallow positions and subjected mainly to compressive deformation. The structural ore-controlling effects are as follows. (1) The attitude, shape, and distribution of gold orebodies are controlled by faults. (2) There is a negative correlation between the gold abundance and the magnetic anisotropy (P) of the altered mylonite samples from the deposit, which shows that the gold mineralization is later than the structural deformation. (3) Quartz vein type mineralization is superimposed on altered mylonite type mineralization. (4) In mineralized mylonite, the stronger the ductile shear deformation, the easier the late-stage gold mineralization to occur and the higher the gold abundance. The richest gold mineralization occurs only around the centre of the fault subjected to the strongest deformation.

Geophysical Features of the Ore-Controlling Fault in the Chang'an Gold Deposit, Southern Yunnan Province

The Ailao Mountain is one of the most important metallogenic belts ofpolymetallic deposits in the Sanjiang region, southwestern China. Located in the southern segment of this metallogenic belt, the newly-discovered Chang＇an gold deposit is large in scale （Fig. 1A）, and has attracted much attention among geologists. The ore-hosted rocks in the district include the Late Ordovician Xiangyang Fm. sandstone and clastic rocks and the Early Silurian Kanglang Fm. dolomite. Affected by the multistage tectonic activities, stocks and dykes of lamprophyre, dolerite, syenite porphyry and orthoclasite are widely exposed, and the orebodies are in symbiosis with or crosscut the dyke rocks.

Analysis of Ore-Controlling Structures of the Xincheng-Hexi Gold Deposit,Shandong Province,China

Based on quantitative and semi-quantitative mathematical and mechanical analysis of the shape, motion, structural factors, stress field and deformation field of the ore-hosting faults in the Xincheng-Hexi gold deposit, the ore-controlling features of faults and mineralization mechanism are discussed. It is concluded that the mineralization is controlled by the main faults, subsidiary fractures, joint density, mechanical features and deformation of the faults. The ore bodies are mainly located in the lower part of the convex crest and upper part of the concave trough of the main undulating fault surface. Mineralization is positively correlated to the development of subsidiary fractures and joints, which correspond to zones of low internal stress and high body strain and shear strain. They are favourable positions for mineralization and alteration.

Ore-controlling Regularitiesof Structureinthe Lehong Lead-zinc Deposit, Northeastern Yunnan

1 Introduction The Lehonglead-zincdeposit is a large-sized Pb-Zn depositnewly found in recent years in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Lead-zinc Poly-metallic Mineralization Area,which occurrenceis strictly

Ore-controlling Characteristics of Synchronous Faults of Dongshengmiao Polymetallic Sulfide Deposits in Inner Mongolia

1 Introduction The Dongshengmiao deposit is a super-large Zn-Pb polymetallic sulfide deposit which occurring in the Langshan-Zhaertaaishan metallogenic belt,and located in the western margin of the North China Platform.The ore-bodies of Dongshengmiao deposits are mainly hosted in the second Formation of Langshan Group.There are some studies on the geological characteristics(Peng et al.,2004),geological and

Ore-controlling Regularities of Thrust-fold structures and features of Tectono-geochemical Anomalies at the Xiaozhuqing Exploration Area in the Huize Zn-Pb District

1 Introduction The huize Zn-Pb ore district in Yunnan province is locatedinthecentralsouthernofthe Sichuan—Yunnan—GuizhouPb-ZnPoly-metallic Mineralization Area in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,and is strictly controlled by fault structures.It has developed to one of the famous production bases of lead&zinc and germanium in China.

GEOCHEMICAL REASERCH ON ORE-CONTROLLING STRUCTURE IN LIAODONG LUOQUANBEI-BAIYUN GOLD MINERAL BELT

In recent2 0 years,because of the finding ofmany large- superlargegold deposits,we re- new the theories for prospecting and gain many things and conceptions.The current geo- chemical and gold- forming theories underline the importance of the early submarine volcano- sedimentation,metamorphic differention,sedimentation of terrigenous clastics,thermal spring and it’s sedimentation,syngenesis process and other hypergene supplying the source for metallogenic materials.According to the study for source bed(rock) and depsitional for- mation of gold,we find that gold will be gradually enriched and mineralized in source bed (rock) ,because of variousgeologicprocesses,such as regional metamorphism ormigmatiza- tion,geothermal bittern,volcanism. The ore- control of deep and giant fault and ductile shear beltand tectono- flash space is emphasized,especially,we should notice the long- term, succession and multistage of the

鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田马五_(6~10)亚段沉积相高频演化特征

鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田马五_(6~10)亚段沉积微相高频变化,分布特征尚不明确,严重制约了天然气勘探与开发。综合利用岩心、薄片、测井及野外露头等资料,详细分析了该地区马五_(6~10)亚段碳酸盐岩岩石类型及测井响应特征,划分了4种沉积微相,进一步分析了该地区马五_(6~10)亚段高频沉积相演化特征。研究表明,马五期海平面整体呈下降趋势,发育局限台地亚相,云坪、膏云坪、灰云坪微相在空间上彼此相邻,纵向上相互叠置,随海平面的涨落沉积微相在膏云坪、云坪和云坪、灰云坪、云灰坪之间频繁转化。马五_(10)、马五_(8)、马五_(7)^(2)、马五_(6)^(1)亚段主要发育膏云坪和云坪微相,马五_(9)亚段主要发育云坪和灰云坪微相,马五_(7)^(1)、马五_(6)^(2)亚段主要发育膏云坪、云坪及灰云坪微相,马五_(6)^(3)亚段则由西向东依次发育膏云坪、云坪、灰云坪、云灰坪微相。研究区海平面升降控制了沉积亚相的演化,更为高频的次级海平面变化控制着沉积微相快速变化。鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田马五_(6~10)亚段沉积相高频演化特征研究,将有力支撑大牛地气田马家沟组深部天然气资源的开发动用,同时为大牛地气田马家沟组沉积模式研究提供依据。

广西十万大山盆地大廖地区铀储层砂体沉积特征及与铀矿化关系

广西十万大山盆地铀矿化层位多,不同矿化层位铀储层砂体沉积特征不同,在后期富集成矿过程中所起作用不同。在综合前人研究成果的基础上,通过野外地质调查、剖面对比、钻孔岩心观察,系统分析了大廖地区那荡组上段铀储层砂体岩性岩相、沉积构造以及砂体展布特征,认为大廖地区那荡组上段铀储层砂体为辫状河三角洲沉积体系,发育三角洲前缘亚相沉积,主要的控矿微相为水下分流河道;砂体呈厚薄相间透镜状形态,整体表现为“下粗上细”的特征;铀矿(化)体主要赋存在砂体中下部,且与砂体厚度呈明显的正相关关系。综合上述研究,初步预测大廖地区铀成矿的有利区块,为大廖地区铀资源勘查工作提供依据。

砂岩油藏剩余油分布地质研究

胜利油区多数油田总体上已进入中高、特高含水期，为了有效地控制产量递减和提高采收率，对部分油田进行了精细油藏描述和剩余油分布研究，总结出了一套行之有效的寻找剩余油的地质研究方法，认为构造、微型构造、沉积微相等是影响剩余油分布的重要因素。结合对胜利油区ＤＸ油田剩余油分布研究介绍了该方法。

辽河盆地黄金带油田沙一段沉积微相及其物性特征

认识处于开发中后期油藏的沉积微相及其特征,对于研究剩余油分布、挖掘剩余油潜力、提高采收率具有重要的现实意义.通过对岩石相类型、粒度分布、电性标志等特征的分析,得出辽河油田在扇三角洲前缘背景下发育水下分流河道、河口砂坝、前缘薄层砂、分流河道间及湖泥等5种微相;分析了沙一下、中、上3个亚段的沉积微相及砂体展布特征;指出水下分流河道、河口砂坝微相储集物性最好,是下一步开发调整和剩余油挖潜的重点目标.

盆地宜川-旬邑地区延长组长6油层组沉积相研究

根据野外露头、岩芯、测井及相关测试资料,分析鄂尔多斯盆地宜川-旬邑地区晚三叠世延长组长6油层组的沉积微相及砂体展布特征,了解长6油层组的储层分布规律。结果表明,长6油层组主要发育三角洲沉积、湖泊沉积和湖底滑塌扇沉积。储集砂体为三角洲前缘的水下分流河道和湖底滑塌扇的分支水道,储层分布受沉积特征控制。

延长油田Z583井区长6油层组开发有利区预测

Z583井区位于鄂尔多斯盆地延长油田,主要产油层段为长6油层组,通过对研究区120多口井的单井相分析,以及对10余口井的粒度统计、岩心观察、薄片鉴定、物性等资料的综合分析,认为该段储层为湖泊三角洲沉积的产物,发育有三角洲平原和三角洲前缘亚相,以及多种沉积微相。储层岩性以浅灰色、灰色细粒长石砂岩为主,夹深灰色、灰黑色泥页岩。通过沉积微相和微构造分析认为,可以在有效砂体的边部、正向微构造部位以及厚油层分布区寻找开发有利区。Z583井区开发有利区可以分为三类,第一类可以用常规手段采出,第二类需借助特殊手段,第三类剩余储量大,需调整开发井网后采出。

模糊竞争神经网络在地震微相划分中的应用

为了满足地震解释中无监督型聚类分析的需要，我们提出了一种模糊自组织神经网络的结构和算法，它是在Ｋｏｈｏｎｅｎ自组织网、模糊网及竞争网的基础上发展起来的，它将模糊自组织神经网络中的隶属度概念引入了网络的训练过程，因而收敛速度很快；同时借鉴了竞争网良好的自适应和动态聚类能力及Ｋｏｈｏｎｅｎ网的映射密度图的概念，因此它具有快速处理大容量的数据且分类精度易于控制的特点。此种算法用于地震微相的划分取得良好的效果。