Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxic and antibacterial effect of Bixa orellana L.(B. orellana)(achiote) methanol extract against Streptococcus mutans(ATCC 25175)(S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis(ATCC 10556)(S. s...Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxic and antibacterial effect of Bixa orellana L.(B. orellana)(achiote) methanol extract against Streptococcus mutans(ATCC 25175)(S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis(ATCC 10556)(S. sanguinis).Methods: Two methanol extracts of B. orellana were prepared in vitro, from the seeds and leaves. The antibacterial activity of extracts against S. mutans and S. sanguinis was evaluated using the cup-plate agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) was determined using the microdilution method and the cytotoxic activity was determinated by using the cell line MDCK.Results: A stronger antibacterial effect was observed with the leaves methanolic extract with an inhibition zone of(19.97 ± 1.31) mm against S. mutans and(19.97 ± 1.26) mm against S. sanguinis. The methanolic extract of the seeds had an activity of(15.11 ± 1.03)mm and(16.15 ± 2.15) mm against S. mutans and S. sanguinis, respectively. The MIC of the leaf and the seed extracts against S. sanguinis was 62.5 and 125 mg/m L, respectively,and the MIC of the leaf extract against S. mutans was 62.5 mg/m L, and for the seed extract it was 31.25 mg/m L. The 50% cytotoxic concentration was 366.45 and 325.05 mg/m L for the leaves and seeds extracts, respectively.Conclusions: The experimental findings demonstrated the antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of B. orellana(achiote) on S. mutans and S. sanguinis. The extract of this plant is cytotoxic at high concentrations.展开更多
Objective:To determine the free radical scavenging potentials pytochemical constituents of ethanol leaves extracts of Allamanda cathartica(A.cathartica)and Bixa orellann(B.orellana)and thus their effects in antimalari...Objective:To determine the free radical scavenging potentials pytochemical constituents of ethanol leaves extracts of Allamanda cathartica(A.cathartica)and Bixa orellann(B.orellana)and thus their effects in antimalarial activities.Methods:Both ethanol extracted plant samples were administered at 50 mg/mL,100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL to Albino rats and then administered with CCl_4 at 1 mL/kg body weight,in liquid paraffin(1:1,v/v)for 2 days(negative control)and compared with 5%Tween 80(placebo)and vitamin E(positive control)pretreatments.Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS),glutathione(GSH)and calalase(CAT)activities in blood and liver tissues were assessed.Results:In CCl,treated rats,TBARS levels significantly increased,while decreased GSH and CAT levels were recorded for both plant extracts.Generally,higher TBARS and GSH values were recorded for blood than for liver homogenates;with reverse trend observed for CAT level.Increased concentrations of A.cathartica extract recorded significant antioxidant levels similar to tocopherol(vitamin E).Reducing sugars,saponins,flavonoids were recorded for both species;alkaloids in A.cathartica and terpenoids in B.orellana.Conclusions:A.cathartica,possess phytochemicals that recorded significant antioxidative defense activities for blood and liver tissues with increasing concentration.However B.orellana did not record similar results.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the leishmanicidal effect of the Bixa orellana crude seed extract and its fractions against Leishmania amazonensis.Methods:Four main fractions(BO-A,BO-B,BO-C and BO-D)were obtained by exhausti...Objective:To investigate the leishmanicidal effect of the Bixa orellana crude seed extract and its fractions against Leishmania amazonensis.Methods:Four main fractions(BO-A,BO-B,BO-C and BO-D)were obtained by exhaustion with solvent with increased polarity from the Bixa orellana crude seed extract and 28 sub-fractions.The antileishmanial activity was evaluated in intracellular amastigotes and the cytotoxicity was assessed in murine intraperitoneal macrophages.Results:The BO-A and BO-B fractions showed a good antileishmanial activity with IC50 values of(12.9±4.1)and(12.4±0.3)μg/mL,respectively.The sub-fractions BO-B1(IC_(50)=(11.8±3.8)μg/mL)and BO-B3[IC_(50)=(13.6±4.7)μg/mL]also proved to have a good leishmanicidal effect.In general,the sub-fractions showed a lower toxicity than the crude extract.A selectivity index of 9 indicated a moderate selectivity of the BO-A,BO-B and BO-C fractions and BO-B1 sub-fraction.Conclusions:Potential of this plant against cutaneous leishmaniasis should be further investigated.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anti-obesity activity of bixin(BIX) on C57BL/6J mice which were fed a high-fat diet(HFD) and to determine the mechanism of this effect.Methods:C57BL/6J mice were separately fed a high-calorie...Objective:To evaluate the anti-obesity activity of bixin(BIX) on C57BL/6J mice which were fed a high-fat diet(HFD) and to determine the mechanism of this effect.Methods:C57BL/6J mice were separately fed a high-calorie diet or a normal diet for 8weeks,then they were treated with BIX for another 13 weeks.After administration for 13 weeks,the animals were sacrificed.Body adiposity,serum lipid level,and insulin resistance were evaluated.In addition,a histological assay of pancreas and liver,an evaluation of the inhibitory properties on pancreatic lipase,and a-amylase were conducted.Results:Administration of BIX significantly decreased the body weight gain,adipocyte size,fat pad weights,hepatic lipid levels in HFD-induced obese mice.In addition,reduced liver weight exhibited decreased serum leptin levels,malic enzyme,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,hepatic fatty acid synthase,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and hepatic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity.However,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and glutathione levels were increased in hepatic tissue.BIX also decreased lipid and carbohydrates absorption due to inhibition of pancreatic lipase and a-amylase.Long term supplementation of BIX significantly decreased hyperlipidemia,insulin resistance and glucose level.Decreased levels of hepatic steatosis and the islets of Langerhans appeared less shrunken in HFD-fed mice.Conclusions:The antiobesity effect of BIX appears to be associated at least in part,to its inhibitory effect on lipids and carbohydrate digestion enzymes such as pancreatic lipase,a-glucosidase,and a-amylase.The results suggested that BIX also act as an antioxidant and may treat visceral obesity normalizing glucose levels,improving insulin resistance and increasing energy expenditure.Therefore,achiote which has a main component,the carotenoid BIX,could be a viable food for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.展开更多
基金Supported by Research Center of the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences(Grant-UPC-401-2014)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxic and antibacterial effect of Bixa orellana L.(B. orellana)(achiote) methanol extract against Streptococcus mutans(ATCC 25175)(S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis(ATCC 10556)(S. sanguinis).Methods: Two methanol extracts of B. orellana were prepared in vitro, from the seeds and leaves. The antibacterial activity of extracts against S. mutans and S. sanguinis was evaluated using the cup-plate agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) was determined using the microdilution method and the cytotoxic activity was determinated by using the cell line MDCK.Results: A stronger antibacterial effect was observed with the leaves methanolic extract with an inhibition zone of(19.97 ± 1.31) mm against S. mutans and(19.97 ± 1.26) mm against S. sanguinis. The methanolic extract of the seeds had an activity of(15.11 ± 1.03)mm and(16.15 ± 2.15) mm against S. mutans and S. sanguinis, respectively. The MIC of the leaf and the seed extracts against S. sanguinis was 62.5 and 125 mg/m L, respectively,and the MIC of the leaf extract against S. mutans was 62.5 mg/m L, and for the seed extract it was 31.25 mg/m L. The 50% cytotoxic concentration was 366.45 and 325.05 mg/m L for the leaves and seeds extracts, respectively.Conclusions: The experimental findings demonstrated the antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of B. orellana(achiote) on S. mutans and S. sanguinis. The extract of this plant is cytotoxic at high concentrations.
基金Supported by Centre for Research & Development (CUCERD),Covenant University(Grant No.CUCERD-0012-34/09)
文摘Objective:To determine the free radical scavenging potentials pytochemical constituents of ethanol leaves extracts of Allamanda cathartica(A.cathartica)and Bixa orellann(B.orellana)and thus their effects in antimalarial activities.Methods:Both ethanol extracted plant samples were administered at 50 mg/mL,100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL to Albino rats and then administered with CCl_4 at 1 mL/kg body weight,in liquid paraffin(1:1,v/v)for 2 days(negative control)and compared with 5%Tween 80(placebo)and vitamin E(positive control)pretreatments.Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS),glutathione(GSH)and calalase(CAT)activities in blood and liver tissues were assessed.Results:In CCl,treated rats,TBARS levels significantly increased,while decreased GSH and CAT levels were recorded for both plant extracts.Generally,higher TBARS and GSH values were recorded for blood than for liver homogenates;with reverse trend observed for CAT level.Increased concentrations of A.cathartica extract recorded significant antioxidant levels similar to tocopherol(vitamin E).Reducing sugars,saponins,flavonoids were recorded for both species;alkaloids in A.cathartica and terpenoids in B.orellana.Conclusions:A.cathartica,possess phytochemicals that recorded significant antioxidative defense activities for blood and liver tissues with increasing concentration.However B.orellana did not record similar results.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Public Health and Ministry of Science,Technology and Enviroment of Cuba(Grant No.1003021/2010).
文摘Objective:To investigate the leishmanicidal effect of the Bixa orellana crude seed extract and its fractions against Leishmania amazonensis.Methods:Four main fractions(BO-A,BO-B,BO-C and BO-D)were obtained by exhaustion with solvent with increased polarity from the Bixa orellana crude seed extract and 28 sub-fractions.The antileishmanial activity was evaluated in intracellular amastigotes and the cytotoxicity was assessed in murine intraperitoneal macrophages.Results:The BO-A and BO-B fractions showed a good antileishmanial activity with IC50 values of(12.9±4.1)and(12.4±0.3)μg/mL,respectively.The sub-fractions BO-B1(IC_(50)=(11.8±3.8)μg/mL)and BO-B3[IC_(50)=(13.6±4.7)μg/mL]also proved to have a good leishmanicidal effect.In general,the sub-fractions showed a lower toxicity than the crude extract.A selectivity index of 9 indicated a moderate selectivity of the BO-A,BO-B and BO-C fractions and BO-B1 sub-fraction.Conclusions:Potential of this plant against cutaneous leishmaniasis should be further investigated.
基金Supported by Instituto Politecnico Nacional(Grant No.20150541)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-obesity activity of bixin(BIX) on C57BL/6J mice which were fed a high-fat diet(HFD) and to determine the mechanism of this effect.Methods:C57BL/6J mice were separately fed a high-calorie diet or a normal diet for 8weeks,then they were treated with BIX for another 13 weeks.After administration for 13 weeks,the animals were sacrificed.Body adiposity,serum lipid level,and insulin resistance were evaluated.In addition,a histological assay of pancreas and liver,an evaluation of the inhibitory properties on pancreatic lipase,and a-amylase were conducted.Results:Administration of BIX significantly decreased the body weight gain,adipocyte size,fat pad weights,hepatic lipid levels in HFD-induced obese mice.In addition,reduced liver weight exhibited decreased serum leptin levels,malic enzyme,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,hepatic fatty acid synthase,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and hepatic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity.However,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and glutathione levels were increased in hepatic tissue.BIX also decreased lipid and carbohydrates absorption due to inhibition of pancreatic lipase and a-amylase.Long term supplementation of BIX significantly decreased hyperlipidemia,insulin resistance and glucose level.Decreased levels of hepatic steatosis and the islets of Langerhans appeared less shrunken in HFD-fed mice.Conclusions:The antiobesity effect of BIX appears to be associated at least in part,to its inhibitory effect on lipids and carbohydrate digestion enzymes such as pancreatic lipase,a-glucosidase,and a-amylase.The results suggested that BIX also act as an antioxidant and may treat visceral obesity normalizing glucose levels,improving insulin resistance and increasing energy expenditure.Therefore,achiote which has a main component,the carotenoid BIX,could be a viable food for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
