Extracorporeal organ support(ECOS)has made remarkable progress over the last few years.Renal replacement therapy,introduced a few decades ago,was the first available application of ECOS.The subsequent evolution of ECO...Extracorporeal organ support(ECOS)has made remarkable progress over the last few years.Renal replacement therapy,introduced a few decades ago,was the first available application of ECOS.The subsequent evolution of ECOS enabled the enhanced support to many other organs,including the heart[veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO),slow continuous ultrafiltration],the lungs(veno-venous ECMO,extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal),and the liver(blood purification techniques for the detoxification of liver toxins).Moreover,additional indications of these methods,including the suppression of excessive inflammatory response occurring in severe disorders such as sepsis,coronavirus disease 2019,pancreatitis,and trauma(blood purification techniques for the removal of exotoxins,endotoxins,or cytokines),have arisen.Multiple organ support therapy is crucial since a vast majority of critically ill patients present not with a single but with multiple organ failure(MOF),whereas,traditional therapeutic approaches(mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure,antibiotics for sepsis,and inotropes for cardiac dysfunction)have reached the maximum efficacy and cannot be improved further.However,several issues remain to be clarified,such as the complexity and cost of ECOS systems,standardization of indications,therapeutic protocols and initiation time,choice of the patients who will benefit most from these interventions,while evidence from randomized controlled trials supporting their use is still limited.Nevertheless,these methods are currently a part of routine clinical practice in intensive care units.This editorial presents the past,present,and future considerations,as well as perspectives regarding these therapies.Our better understanding of these methods,the pathophysiology of MOF,the crosstalk between native organs resulting in MOF,and the crosstalk between native organs and artificial organ support systems when applied sequentially or simultaneously,will lead to the multiplication of their effects and the minimization of complications arising from their use.展开更多
Long life green emitting matrix display based on organic light emitting diode is reported. The pixel number is 96×60, equivalent pixel size 0.4×0.4 mm 2, and the pixel gap 0.1 mm. An image with no crossta...Long life green emitting matrix display based on organic light emitting diode is reported. The pixel number is 96×60, equivalent pixel size 0.4×0.4 mm 2, and the pixel gap 0.1 mm. An image with no crosstalk between pixels is obtained. The average luminance of these pixels at duty cycle of 1/64 is 100 cd/m 2, and the power consumption is 0.6 W. The dark room contrast of 1∶100 is achieved without using a polarization filter.展开更多
The molecular mechanisms of organ size control and regulation remain one of the major unsolved mysteries of development biology. Almost a decade ago, the discovery of the Hippo signaling pathway in Drosophila shed som...The molecular mechanisms of organ size control and regulation remain one of the major unsolved mysteries of development biology. Almost a decade ago, the discovery of the Hippo signaling pathway in Drosophila shed some light on this puzzling issue. The Hippo signaling pathway is highly conserved in both invertebrates and vertebrates, and plays critical roles in animal development. It controls organ size and growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and by promoting apoptosis. Malfunction of the Hippo signaling pathway leads to cancer development and tumorigenesis. Although the core of the signaling pathway is well understood, the upstream inputs and downstream transcriptional regulation are still obscure to us. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism and the function of the Hippo signaling pathway and compare its differences between flies and mammals. We underline the crosstalk between the Hippo signaling pathway and other signaling pathways, and the possible roles of the Hippo pathway in stem cell proliferation and self-renewal.展开更多
文摘Extracorporeal organ support(ECOS)has made remarkable progress over the last few years.Renal replacement therapy,introduced a few decades ago,was the first available application of ECOS.The subsequent evolution of ECOS enabled the enhanced support to many other organs,including the heart[veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO),slow continuous ultrafiltration],the lungs(veno-venous ECMO,extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal),and the liver(blood purification techniques for the detoxification of liver toxins).Moreover,additional indications of these methods,including the suppression of excessive inflammatory response occurring in severe disorders such as sepsis,coronavirus disease 2019,pancreatitis,and trauma(blood purification techniques for the removal of exotoxins,endotoxins,or cytokines),have arisen.Multiple organ support therapy is crucial since a vast majority of critically ill patients present not with a single but with multiple organ failure(MOF),whereas,traditional therapeutic approaches(mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure,antibiotics for sepsis,and inotropes for cardiac dysfunction)have reached the maximum efficacy and cannot be improved further.However,several issues remain to be clarified,such as the complexity and cost of ECOS systems,standardization of indications,therapeutic protocols and initiation time,choice of the patients who will benefit most from these interventions,while evidence from randomized controlled trials supporting their use is still limited.Nevertheless,these methods are currently a part of routine clinical practice in intensive care units.This editorial presents the past,present,and future considerations,as well as perspectives regarding these therapies.Our better understanding of these methods,the pathophysiology of MOF,the crosstalk between native organs resulting in MOF,and the crosstalk between native organs and artificial organ support systems when applied sequentially or simultaneously,will lead to the multiplication of their effects and the minimization of complications arising from their use.
文摘Long life green emitting matrix display based on organic light emitting diode is reported. The pixel number is 96×60, equivalent pixel size 0.4×0.4 mm 2, and the pixel gap 0.1 mm. An image with no crosstalk between pixels is obtained. The average luminance of these pixels at duty cycle of 1/64 is 100 cd/m 2, and the power consumption is 0.6 W. The dark room contrast of 1∶100 is achieved without using a polarization filter.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30971646)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program No. 2010CB912100)+2 种基金the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(No.2011CB915502)the"Strategic Priority Research Program"of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA01010406)L.Z.is the scholar of the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The molecular mechanisms of organ size control and regulation remain one of the major unsolved mysteries of development biology. Almost a decade ago, the discovery of the Hippo signaling pathway in Drosophila shed some light on this puzzling issue. The Hippo signaling pathway is highly conserved in both invertebrates and vertebrates, and plays critical roles in animal development. It controls organ size and growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and by promoting apoptosis. Malfunction of the Hippo signaling pathway leads to cancer development and tumorigenesis. Although the core of the signaling pathway is well understood, the upstream inputs and downstream transcriptional regulation are still obscure to us. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism and the function of the Hippo signaling pathway and compare its differences between flies and mammals. We underline the crosstalk between the Hippo signaling pathway and other signaling pathways, and the possible roles of the Hippo pathway in stem cell proliferation and self-renewal.
