Organic electro-optic polymer materials and organic-based hybrid electro-optic modulators

High performance electro-optic modulator,as the key device of integrated ultra-wideband optical systems,have be-come the focus of research.Meanwhile,the organic-based hybrid electro-optic modulators,which make full use of the advant-ages of organic electro-optic(OEO)materials(e.g.high electro-optic coefficient,fast response speed,high bandwidth,easy pro-cessing/integration and low cost)have attracted considerable attention.In this paper,we introduce a series of high-perform-ance OEO materials that exhibit good properties in electro-optic activity and thermal stability.In addition,the recent progress of organic-based hybrid electro-optic devices is reviewed,including photonic crystal-organic hybrid(PCOH),silicon-organic hy-brid(SOH)and plasmonic-organic hybrid(POH)modulators.A high-performance integrated optical platform based on OEO ma-terials is a promising solution for growing high speeds and low power consumption in compact sizes.

A New Method to Study the Sol-gel Transition Process of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials

The sol-gel transition process of PMMA/SiO2 hybrid materials was first studied by means of the dynamic torsional vibration method. The different stages of the transition can be described by the change of torque. The temperature-dependent measurement of the gel time（ tg ） gives the possibility to determine the apparent activation energy.（ Ea ） of this transition according to Flory＇s gelation theory. The non-equilibrium thermodynamic fluctuation theory was used to predict the transition behavior. The isothermal transition experiments on hybrid sols with different TEOS（tetraethyl orthosilicate） contents were carried out. The results show that the Ea of a hybrid sol is higher than that of a non- hybrid sol of a TEOS-water-ethanol system. The increasing of TEOS content in a hybrid sol has no obvious effect on the Ea value, but it can enhance the sol-gel .reaction rate.

Morphology and Electronic Properties of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic System: Ag Nanoparticles Embedded into CuPc Matrix

Materials with a high on-off resistance ratio could become the basis for resistive random-access memory (RRAM). It is assumed that one of RRAM types can be based on hybrid organic-inorganic systems, while particular attention is focused on hybrid systems consisting of metal nanoparticles (NP) embedded in organic matrix (OM). In this investigation we created and studied the hybrid organic-inorganic systems made of metal (Ag) nanoparticles embedded in organic semiconductor material CuPc. The LEED patterns and NEXAFS data demonstrate that the CuPc films deposited on Au(001) substrate are highly ordered and molecular planes lie parallel to the gold surface. The metal atoms were deposited on the outer surface of the organic molecular film and self-assembled into nanoparticles due to surface and bulk diffusion. The properties of nano-composite materials seem to be significantly dependent on the microstructure, i.e. the size, concentration, bulk- and size-distribution of nanoparticles;therefore we have studied by high resolution transmission electron microscopy the evolution of morphology of nano-composite films as a function of nominal metal deposition. The filled and empty electronic states of the hybrid organic-inorganic systems, energy level alignment at interfaces formed between metal nanoparticles and the organic semiconductor CuPc as well as the chemical interaction at the NP/OM interface were studied by UPS, XPS and NEXAFS methods.

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of two novel inorganic-organic hybrid materials

By using different organic ligands, two 3D inorganic-organic hybrid compounds Co(C4H4N2)(VO3)2 1 and Co(C12H12N2)(VO3)2 2 were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data: 1. crystal system orthorhombic, space group Pnna, a=10.188(2), b=11.497(2), c=7.3975(15), V=866.5(3)3, Z=4, Dcalcd= 2.705 g/cm3; 2. crystal system triclinic, space group P1– (No. 2), a=8.3190(17), b=8.4764(17), c=11.183(2), α=95.48(3)°, β=92.03(3)°, γ=107.24(3)°, V=748.0(3)3, Z=2, Dcalcd=1.958 g/cm3. The framework of compound 1 contains both {Co(C4H4N2)} and infinite metavanadate chains. Crystal structure of compound 2 is constructed with inorganic {CoV2O6} layers across-linked by organic 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl) ethane ligands. The two compounds are thermally stable to approximately 410 °C and 350 °C, respec- tively. Their optical band gaps are determined to be 2.13 eV and 2.12 eV by UV-VIS-NIR diffuse reflectance spectra, which revealed their nature of semiconductor and optical absorption features.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL SOL-GEL DOPED ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRID NONLINEAR OPTICAL MATERIALS

hydroxy-4-nitro azobenzene (NHA) and 4-amino-4-nitro azobenzene (DO3) were prepared respectively from p-nitrophenylamine as a precursor compound. Two kinds of doped organic/inorganic hybrid nonlinear optical (NLO) materials containing NHA and DO3 were synthesized by Sol-Gel process. The preparation and properties of two NLO materials were studied and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, UV-VIS, SEM, DSC and SHG measurements. The results show that the maximum doping amounts of NHA and DO3 in two doped hybrid NLO materials are 7.2(wt)% and 11.3(wt)% respectively, and the corresponding second-order NLO coefficients (d33 values) are 2.91×10 8esu and 6.14×10 8esu. Two doped NLO materials have relatively good RT stability, after 90 days at RT the d33 values can maintain about 85% of their initial values, but after 10h at 100℃ can only maintain about 50% of their initial values. In this report, the reasons for high-temperature instability of doped materials were discussed, and the possible improvements were also suggested.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Inorganic-organic Hybrid Compound [H_3NC_2H_4NH_2]VOPO_4

An inorganic-organic hybrid compound, [H_3NC_2H_4NH_2]VOPO_4 was synthesized by means of the hydrothermal method. It was crystallized in a monoclinic system, a space group P2_1/c, with the crystal cell parameters: a=0.92285(11) nm, b=0.72994(9) nm, c=0.98495(11) nm, β=101.280(3)°, V=0.65067(13) nm^3, M_r=223.02 g/mol, D_c=2.277 g/cm^3, Z=4, R=0.0315, ωR=0.0865, GOF=1.085. The VO_5N octahedra chains are corner-linked by PO_4 tetrahedra; the VO_5N octahedra are all trans-linked with V—O bonds being alternately short and long. The monoprotonated ethylenediamine was intercalated between the layers with one end coordinating to V and the other end as an H-bond donor interacting with a terminal O atom of PO_4 from a neighboring sheet. The elementary analysis, infrared spectrum characters and thermal stability were also given.

Organic-inorganic Hybrid Materials Based on Molybdophosphate and Organic Polyammonium

A new organic-inorganic hybrid compound （dienHs）2（P2Mo5O23） （1） [dien=NH（CH2CH2NH2）2] has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis, and the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system with space group P1 and a=0.9790（2） nm, b=0.9922（2） nm, c= 1.4644（3） nm, α=95.510（10）°, β=98.860（10）°, γ=95.700（10）°, V=1.3895（5） nm^3, Z=2, R=0.0465. The results show that the compound consists of dienH3^3＋＋ and P2Mo5O23^6-, and the heteropoly anion P2Mo5O23^6- is connected to a 1-D chain structure with the protonated dien by hydrogen bonds.

Functional-template directed self-assembly(FTDSA) of mesostructured organic-inorganic hybrid materials

Since the discovery of a surfactant directed self-assembly approach for the fabrication of mesoporous silica in 1992,increasing attention has been focused on the design and synthesis of mesostructured functional materials.Organic functionalization is becoming a major topic in this research field,since highly ordered mesostructured organic-inorganic hybrids offer novel functionalities and enhanced performance over their individual components.We begin with a brief overview of the three fundamental methods(post-synthetic grafting technique,co-condensation method,and preparation of periodic mesoporous organosilicas) for the preparation of organically functionalized mesostructured silica,and focus on one of the most promising approaches,which herein was named as functional-template directed self-assembly(FTDSA) approach,and in the eyes of the authors it has a special position in the preparation of this class of hybrid materials.A comprehensive overview of the state of research in the area of FTDSA and its potential applications will be given.

Immobilized nickel(Ⅱ) on organic-inorganic hybrid materials: The effective and reusable catalysts for Biginelli reaction

The immobilized nickel(II) on the organic-inorganic hybrid material was prepared and used as an effective catalyst for the Biginelli reaction.In the presence of the immobilized nickel catalyst,aromatic aldehydes reacted with ethyl acetoacetate and urea (or thiourea) smoothly to generate the corresponding Biginelli products in good to excellent yields without using any additive.The work-up procedure is very simple and practical.Furthermore,the silica-supported nickel(II) could be recovered and recycled for six consecutive trials without significant loss of its catalytic activity.

Syntheses,Structures and Electrochemical Investigation of a New Dawson-based Hybrid Material with Cd-BTA Coordination Polymers

A new organic-inorganic hybrid based on tungstophosphate anions and benzotria- zole cations, [Na（BTA）E（H2O）2]2[{Cd（BTA）4（H2O）}2（P2W18O62）]·6H2O （1） （BTA = benzotriazole） has been synthesized in aqueous solution and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analysis showed that both {Na（BTA）2} and {Cd（BTA）4} units are supported on the a-Dawson polyoxoanion [P2W18062]6- via the surface bridging oxygen atoms. The electrochemical properties of 1 in aqueous solution are studied at room temperature. It was found that 1 presents good electrocatalytic activities for the reduction of NO2^-.

Recent advances in quasi-2D superconductors via organic molecule intercalation

Superconductivity at the 2D limit shows emergent novel quantum phenomena, including anomalously enhanced H_(c2),quantum metallic states and quantum Griffiths singularity, which has attracted much attention in the field of condensed matter physics. In this article, we focus on new advances in quasi-2D superconductors in the bulk phase using an organic molecular electrochemical intercalation method. The enhanced superconductivity and emergent pseudogap behavior in these quasi-2D superconductors are summarized with a further prospect.

Optical Waveguides from Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials

Organic/inorganic material has attracted great attentions because its importance as photonic materials. We report on our recent results on organic/inorganic hybrid sol-gel materials and optical waveguides like splitter, thermo-optic switch and micro-cavity laser.

Lateral organic-inorganic hybrid Vis-NIR photodetectors based on GaN nanowires promoting photogenerated carriers transfer

The narrow bandgap of the low-energy near-infrared(NIR)polymer would lead to overlap between adjacent energy levels,which is a major barrier to the preparation of Vis-NIR polymer bulk hetero-junction(BHJ)photodetectors with small responsivity and photocurrent.In this study,a high-performance lateral inorganic-organic hybrid photodetector was constructed to eliminate this barrier by combining GaN nanowires(GaN-NWs)with PDPP3T:PC61BM-based BHJ.In stage one,high-quality GaN-NWs were synthesized by the catalyst-free CVD method.The mechanism for controlling GaN-NWs morphology by adjusting the NH3 flow rate was revealed.In stage two,the GaN-NWs with large electron mobility were used to accelerate the transfer of photogenerated carriers in the BHJ layer.Finally,compared with the BHJ device,the BHJ/GaN device demonstrated obvious improvements in responsivity and photocurrent at the wavelength between 400 and 1000 nm.The responsivity and photocurrent increased over 20-fold at the NIR band of 800e900 nm.Besides,owing to the energy level gradient effect,the BHJ/GaN device has a response speed of 7.8/<5.0 ms,which increases over three orders of magnitude than that of the GaN-NWs-based device(tr/tf:7.1/10.9 s).Therefore,the novel device structure proposed in this work holds great potential for preparing high-performance Vis-NIR photodetectors.

Anion-exchangeable inorganic-organic hybrid materials synthesized without using templates

Inorganic-organic hybrid materials have been obtained at room temperature in aqueous solution without using the templates of surfactants. The materials are care- fully characterized by anion-exchange measurement, ele- ments analysis, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Notably, the anion-exchange capacity of the samples (3.9 mmol·g-1) is even higher than anion-exchangeable resins. Interestingly, both small and large anions could be easily exchanged into the samples due to the plasticity of the sam- ples, along with the phase transition.

一种具有光致变色性能的有机-无机超分子材料的合成与性能研究

通过水热合成法制备了一种基于紫精衍生物的有机-无机超分子光致变色材料,观察了其可逆的光致变色现象,并通过粉末衍射、红外光谱、固体紫外漫反射光谱与电子顺磁共振光谱深入研究了其光致变色机理。

金属有机框架衍生碳纳米管与聚苯胺复合纳米材料用于高性能锌离子混合电容器

锌离子混合电容器具有高能量密度、高功率密度、长寿命、高安全性、环保以及低成本等优点,得到了极大的关注。设计合成高性能的正极材料用于匹配具有高理论容量的锌负极是目前研究热点。本文首先以金属有机框架ZIF-67为模板衍生制备出碳纳米管(CNT),然后将聚苯胺(PANI)沉积在CNT上制备PANI@CNT复合正极材料。实验结果表明,在电流密度为1 A/g时,PANI@CNT//Zn器件比容量高达150.11 mAh/g,在经过3000次循环充放电后,容量没有衰减,这些性能均优于单独的PANI材料。本文为开发新型的高性能锌离子混合电容器正极材料提供了参考。

新型有机荧光材料设计机理

从发光机理上综述了热活化延迟荧光和杂化局域–电荷转移态两类有机荧光材料的设计理念,以期为现阶段有机荧光材料的设计和开发带来新思路和启示。

Solvothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Material, Fe_2O(OH)(C_5H_4NCOO)SO_4

A novel inorganic organic hybrid material, Fe 2O(OH)(C 5H 4 ~NCOO)SO 4 was synthesized via solvothermal route using a reaction of FeCl 3·6H 2O, KCNS, and 4 cyanopyridine in aqueous solution of H 2O 2 and ethanol at 130 ℃ for 3 d. The compound crystallized in monoclinic space group P 2 1, with cell parameters a =0 73850(15) nm, b =0 65100(13) nm, c =1 0546(2) nm, β =90 36(3)°, V =0 50700(18) nm 3 and Z =2. The structure is constructed with inorganic layered [Fe 2O(OH)SO 4] + cations linked by organic (C 5H 4NCOO) - anions. The compound is thermally stable up to approximately 240 ℃.