Phosphorus release from phosphate rock and iron phosphate by low-molecular-weight organic acids

Low-molecular-weight(LMW) organic acids widely exist in soils, particularly in the rhizosphere. A series of batch experiments were carried out to investigate the phosphorus release from rock phosphate and iron phosphate by low-molecular-weight organic acids. Results showed that citric acid had the highest capacity to solubilize P from both rock and iron phosphate. P solubilization from rock phosphate and iron phosphate resulted in net proton consumption. P release from rock phosphate was positively correlated with the p K _a values. P release from iron phosphate was positively correlated with Fe-organic acid stability constants except for aromatic acids, but was not correlated with p K _a. Increase in the concentrations of organic acids enhanced P solubilization from both rock and iron phosphate almost linearly. Addition of phenolic compounds further increased the P release from iron phosphate. Initial solution pH had much more substantial effect on P release from rock phosphate than from iron phosphate.

Influence of Potassium Nutrition and Exogenous Organic Acids on Iron Uptake by Monocot and Dicot Plants

Iron (Fe) is a vital element for the survival and proliferation of all plants;therefore, Fe-biofortification by the application of chemical and organic fertilizers is being as an effective approach to fight hidden hunger retards the growth and development of crop plants. Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of potassium and exogenous organic acids on iron uptake by two different plants: one is monocotyledon, maize (Zea mays L.) and the second is dicotolydon pea (Pisum sativum L.) grown under controlled conditions. The seedlings were grown in sand culture in a greenhouse experiment and irrigated with one-tenth strength modified nutrient solution of Hoagland and Arnon as a base solution (pH 7.5), containing different iron treatments (0, 1, and 5 ppm as FeSO4·7H2O) combined with potassium nutrition (0, 5, 10, and 50 ppm as K2SO4). After 30 days, the best interaction treatment was selected for further experiment including 5.0 ppm Fe as FeSO4.7H2O and 50 ppm K as K2SO4 in combination with 1 × 10-5 mole/liter of one of the following organic acids: Citric acid, Oxalic acid, Formic acid, Acetic acid, Propionic acid, Tartaric acid, Succinic acid, Fumaric acid, Malic acid, Glutamic acid, besides the free organic acid nutrient solution as a control. Results revealed that the interaction between 5.0 ppm Fe and 50 ppm K was the best interaction treatment for increasing biomass production and iron uptake of maize and pea seedlings under applied condition. Furthermore, exogenous application of organic acids improves uptake and translocation of nutrient such as iron, potassium and phosphorus by the maize and pea plants. In conclusion, potassium nutrition and exogenous organic acids have the potential to stimulate Fe-uptake of monocot and dicot plants and mediate iron-biofortified crops.

Effects of Organic Acids on Adsorption of Cadmium onto Kaolinite, Goethite, and Bayerite

Effects of organic acids (oxalic, acetic, and citric) on adsorption characteristics of Cadmium (Cd) on soil clay minerals (kaolinite, goethite, and bayerite) were studied under different concentrations and different pH values. Although the types of organic acids and minerals were different, the effects of the organic acids on the adsorption of Cd on the minerals were similar, i.e., the amount of adsorbed Cd with an initial solution pH of 5.0 and initial Cd concentration of 35 mg L-1 increased with increasing concentration of the organic acid in solution at lower concentrations, and decreased at higher concentrations. The percentage of Cd adsorbed on the minerals in the presence of the organic acids increased considerably with increasing pH of the solution. Meanwhile, different Cd adsorption in the presence of the organic acids, due to different properties on both organic acids and clay minerals, on kaolinite, goethite, or bayerite for different pHs or organic acid concentrations was found.

Phenolic Acids Content and Nutritional Quality of Conventional, Organic and Biodynamic Cultivations of the Tomato CXD271BIO Breeding Line (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of growing systems (conventional, organic and biodynamic performed with two types of manuring) on some nutritional traits of the tomato breeding line CXD271BIO (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Experimental fields were in the same geographical area and the cultivations were performed over five years. The content of macronutrients, minerals (Ca, K, Mg, P, Na), trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids) was determined. The biodynamic A growing system showed the highest protein and carbohydrates content compared to the other growing systems. Data on minerals and trace elements content showed significant differences (mainly in Ca, Na, Fe and Zn content) between conventional and biodynamic tomatoes, whereas no major impact of the fertilization among organic and the two biodynamic growing systems was observed. Appreciable differences in phenolic acids biosynthesis were observed, with the year of harvest showing a marked effect especially on chlorogenic, p-cumaric and ferulic acids content. Conversely, the cultivation system did not show major influence. Principal Components Analysis (PCA), performed on mineral and phenolic acids content, substantiated the large effect of the year of harvest, also suggesting an effect of the conventional cultivation system.

Dissolved organic matter accelerates microbial degradation of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol in the presence of iron mineral

Dissolved organic matter(DOM)and iron minerals widely existing in the natural aquatic environment can mediate the migration and transformation of organic pollutants.However,the mechanism of interaction between DOM and iron minerals in the microbial degradation of pollutants deserves further investigation.In this study,the mechanism of 17 alphaethinylestradiol(EE2)biodegradation mediated by humic acid(HA)and three kinds of iron minerals(goethite,magnetite,and pyrite)was investigated.The results found that HA and iron minerals significantly accelerated the biodegradation process of EE2,and the highest degradation efficiency of EE2(48%)was observed in the HA-mediated microbial system with pyrite under aerobic conditions.Furthermore,it had been demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals(HO·)was the main active substance responsible for the microbial degradation of EE2.HO·is primarily generated through the reaction between hydrogen peroxide secreted by microorganisms and Fe(II),with aerobic conditions being more conducive.The presence of iron minerals and HA could change the microbial communities in the EE2 biodegradation system.These findings provide new information for exploring the migration and transformation of pollutants by microorganisms in iron-rich environments.

Amino acids modified nanoscale zero-valent iron:Density functional theory calculations,experimental synthesis and application in the Fenton-like degradation of organic solvents

To improve the adsorption and catalytic performance of heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts for oil wastes,amino acids were used to modify nanoscale zero-valent iron(AA@Fe^(0)),which were applied in the Fenton-like degradation of organic solvents(tributyl phosphate and n-dodecane,named TBP and DD).Twelve amino acids,i.e.,glycine(Gly),alanine(Ala),leucine(Leu),proline(Pro),phenylalanine(Phe),methionine(Met),cysteine(Cys),asparagine(Asn),serine(Ser),glutamic acid(Glu),lysine(Lys)and arginine(Arg),were selected and calculated by density functional theory(DFT).The optimized structure,charge distribution,the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO),the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO),interaction region indicator(IRI)isosurface map and adsorption energy of AA@Fe^(0),AA@Fe^(0)-TBP and AA@Fe^(0)-DD were studied,which indicated that Fe is more likely to approach and charge transfer with-COO and-NH_(3) on theα-carbon of amino acids.There is strong attraction between Fe and–COO,and Van der Waals force between Fe and-NH_(3),respectively.In the interaction of AA@Fe^(0)with TBP and DD,Van der Waal force plays an important role.AA@Fe^(0)was synthesized in laboratory and characterized to investigate physicochemical properties.In Fenton-like degradation of organic solvents,the change of COD in water phase during the degradation process as well as the volume of the organic phase after the reaction were investigated.The results of calculations combined with experiments showed that Ser-modified Fe^(0)performed the best in these amino acids,with 98%removal of organic solvents.A possible catalytic mechanism was proposed in which amino acids acted a linking role between Fe and organic solvents,activating H_(2)O_(2)to generate hydroxyl radicals for the degradation of organic solvents.

Effect of Simulated Acid Rain on Potential Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in Forest Soils

Acid rain is a serious environmental problem worldwide. In this study, a pot experiment using forest soils planted with the seedlings of four woody species was performed with weekly treatments of pH 4.40, 4.00, 3.52, and 3.05 simulated acid rain (SAR) for 42 months compared to a control of pH 5.00 lake water. The cumulative amounts of C and N mineralization in the five treated soils were determined after incubation at 25 ℃ for 65 d to examine the effects of SAR treatments. For all five treatments, cumulative CO2-C production ranged from 20.24 to 27.81 mg kg-1 dry soil, net production of available N from 17.37 to 48.95 mg kg-1 dry soil, and net production of NO-3 -N from 9.09 to 46.23 mg kg-1 dry soil. SAR treatments generally enhanced the emission of CO2-C from the soils; however, SAR with pH 3.05 inhibited the emission. SAR treatments decreased the net production of available N and NO3-N. The cumulative CH4 and N2O productions from the soils increased with increasing amount of simulated acid rain. The cumulative CO2-C production and the net production of available N of the soil under Acmena acuminatissima were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those under Schima superba and Cryptocarya concinna. The mineralization of soil organic C was related to the contents of soil organic C and N, but was not related to soil pH. However, the overall effect of acid rain on the storage of soil organic matter and the cycling of important nutrients depended on the amount of acid deposition and the types of forests.

基于5-氨基烟酸的锰金属有机框架的合成、结构及荧光传感性质

室温下,通过溶液法将5-氨基烟酸(5-Hana)与MnCl_(2)反应,成功合成了一例新的三维Mn(II)金属有机框架[Mn_(2)(5-ana)_(4)(H_(2)O)]n(命名为Mn-MOF)。通过X射线单晶衍射、X射线粉末衍射、元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析、紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱法对配合物的结构和性质进行表征。结构分析表明,配合物属单斜晶系,具有双节点(2,8)-c配位网络结构,其中[Mn_(2)(CO_(2))_(2)(H_(2)O)]二聚单元作为8-连接节点,5-ana-配体作为2-连接节点。分子范德瓦耳斯表面静电势(ESP)分析表明,5-ana-配体的第一反应位点在羧基氧原子附近,ESP最小值为-143.37 kcal·mol^(-1),第二和第三反应位点分别位于吡啶环和氨基氮原子附近。Mn-MOF常温下具有良好的热稳定性。荧光光谱测试显示配合物在256 nm光激发下的最大发射波长为402 nm。更重要的是,Mn-MOF可以通过荧光猝灭实现对Fe^(3+)的选择性识别,且猝灭效率达到98.71%,可作为潜在的荧光探针分析水溶液中的Fe^(3+)。

甜樱桃果实品质研究进展

为提高甜樱桃果实品质,阐述了甜樱桃果实在发育成熟过程中外观品质(果实大小、果皮颜色)和内在品质(糖酸、激素和质地)的性状变化,分析了影响果实品质形成的遗传因素(品种、砧木)和环境因素(光照、温度、水分、养分),总结了提高甜樱桃果实品质的栽培管理研究进展,对提高甜樱桃果实品质的研究方向进行了展望。

Red-mud treatment using oxalic acid by UV irradiation assistance

Red-mud is the residue from the Bayer process, in which the iron minerals should be removed before red-mud is used to produce refractory materials. The iron minerals in red-mud were extracted by oxalic acid solution. The content of Fe （calculated in Fe203） in red-mud was reduced from 17.6% to less than 1% after being treated by 1 mol/L oxalic acid solution at 75 ℃ for 2 h. The Fe（Ⅲ） oxalate solution obtained was then irradiated by UV light, resulting in the precipitation of Fe（Ⅱ） oxalate. Under UV photocatalysis, more than 90% of Fe（Ⅲ） oxalate in the extracted solution was transformed into the precipitation of Fe（Ⅱ） oxalate crystallite （fl-FeC2O4·2H2O）. The filtrate from the Fe（Ⅱ） oxalate precipitate filtration could be reused in the next cycle. The mechanism ofUV photocatalysis precipitation was also discussed.

三峡库区马尾松林土壤铁、铝对有机碳的影响

为了解不同形态铁、铝矿物对土壤有机碳稳定的影响,以三峡库区典型土壤质地类型的马尾松林为研究对象,采用选择性溶解提取法测定晶质矿物(DH)、短程有序矿物(HH)和有机金属络合物(PP)中的铁、铝矿物及其结合有机碳的含量,并通过相关性分析和多元回归模型探讨了不同形态铁、铝矿物及其结合有机碳与土壤有机碳的相互关系.结果表明:不同形态铁、铝矿物含量分布为DH>PP>HH,且随土壤黏粒组分增加有明显的上升趋势.DH、PP和HH提取碳含量分别为(6.11±0.35)mg/g,(6.25±0.46)mg/g和(1.14±0.06)mg/g,分别占土壤有机碳的(32.06%±1.95%),(32.61%±2.33%)和(5.95%±0.33%).提取碳与金属物质的量比值(C:Fe+Al)表现为PP>DH≈HH,表明铁、铝矿物随结晶度的增加,与有机碳的结合方式从共沉淀和络合向吸附作用转变.提取碳含量与对应提取金属(Fe+Al)含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),且提取铁、铝矿物是土壤有机碳变异性的第一解释变量(74.65%).总体而言,铁、铝矿物与有机碳的相互作用驱动了三峡库区马尾松林土壤有机碳的稳定累积,其中晶质铁、铝矿物和有机金属络合物起主导作用.

有机酸-硫化零价铁处理高浓度含铬废液及铬铁资源化的研究

针对含铬废液净化污泥杂质含量高、铬含量低导致铬回收难的问题,以有机酸-硫化零价铁为铬废液净化剂,在高效去除废液中铬的同时,可净化污泥并直接制备铬铁合金。通过考察零价铁硫化程度、初始废液pH值、不同有机酸摩尔比、硫化零价铁用量等影响因素对废液铬净化与污泥铬富集的影响,探索铬污泥直接制备铬铁合金工艺。研究显示,采用有机酸-硫化零价铁协同处理后,废液总铬质量浓度可由5 324.1 mg/L降低至4.30 mg/L,与未改性零价铁技术相比,铬净化去除率由65.45%提高至99.92%。净化污泥铬铁元素平均质量分数大于46%,在1 500℃,氩气保护气氛下,添加质量分数为30%碳粉即可成功制备铬铁合金。铬铁合金产物中铬铁元素分布均匀,杂质含量较少。XRD分析显示,硫化零价铁的掺入质量增大可降低合金产品中杂相的生成。研究方法为冶金、化工等行业含铬废液的高效净化及资源化处理提供了一条新路径。

水分非饱和条件下土壤矿物界面有毒有机物转化机制研究进展

土壤矿物作为土壤重要活性组分,可驱动土壤有毒有机物化学转化,降低污染风险。以往土壤矿物与有毒有机物界面行为研究主要集中于水环境或矿物悬浊液体系,然而实际环境中土壤及其矿物常处于干燥、湿润等水分非饱和状态。近年来,水分非饱和条件下土壤矿物界面有毒有机物转化及机制已成为研究热点,相关研究获得一系列新发现。低含水量铁锰矿物、黏土矿物和金属离子饱和黏土矿物能驱动多环芳烃、抗生素等疏水性有毒有机物化学转化。水分非饱和环境会减弱矿物界面水分子与有毒有机物竞争活性位点,并使矿物发生脱水、向高活性结构转变。此外,土壤矿物水分状态也会影响有毒有机物转化产物,水分非饱和环境更有利于持久性自由基和卤代二英等中间产物的形成和稳定。以往研究认为,电子转移反应是土壤矿物界面有毒有机物转化机制,随着检测技术与理论计算的发展,自由基催化和水解作用机制逐渐被发现,相关机制研究精准至矿物晶型和晶面层面。虽然水分非饱和条件下土壤矿物界面有毒有机物转化及机制已逐渐清晰,但其研究广度和深度有待进一步拓宽和加深。建议未来在实际水分非饱和土壤和矿物中开展有毒有机物转化研究,深入探究还原转化过程,研发原位反应装置及检测方法,尝试从微纳米尺度和分子水平解析有毒有机物在矿物界面转化机制。

植物根系分泌的有机酸对土壤碳氮矿化的影响

针对高寒草甸土壤退化及植被氮限制的问题,为明确高寒草甸植物根系分泌物有机酸对土壤碳氮矿化特征的影响,以藏东南典型的优势植物嵩草、米口袋和草玉梅共有有机酸为研究目标,采取室内培养法分析不同有机酸添加对土壤碳、氮矿化过程的影响。结果显示:乙酸、乳酸和富马酸等3种有机酸均可显著提高土壤速效氮和速效磷的含量,而对土壤总氮和总磷含量没影响。不同有机酸作用下,土壤碳矿化速率随培养时间的增加,均表现为逐渐下降而最后趋于平缓的变化趋势,乳酸和10 mg·L^(-1)的乙酸对土壤碳矿化速率的影响随培养时间增加呈现由促进转为抑制,富马酸总体上抑制土壤碳矿化速率,另外,除了15 mg·L^(-1)的乳酸明显抑制了土壤累积碳矿化量,其余浓度的有机酸对土壤累积碳矿化量影响不显著,但相关性分析显示乙酸与土壤累积碳矿化量显著负相关(r=-0.796*)。不同有机酸添加对土壤净氨化速率无显著影响,中高浓度乙酸对土壤净硝化速率和净氮矿化速率有抑制作用,乳酸和富马酸添加对土壤净硝化速率和净氮矿化速率均无显著影响,相关性分析显示乙酸与土壤净氮矿化速率显著负相关(r=-0.785*)。不同有机酸作用下,土壤碳矿化过程与土壤环境因子pH呈正相关,而土壤氮矿化过程与土壤环境因子相关性差异显著。综上,乙酸是影响土壤碳氮矿化的主要有机酸,根系分泌物有机酸与土壤环境因子共同作用调控土壤碳氮矿化过程。研究结果对于生态脆弱区土壤的增碳固氮效应及科学管理具有重要指导意义。

外源秸秆添加对红壤及黑土有机碳固定的影响

土壤是陆地生态系统中最大的有机碳库,其微小的变化对全球碳循环影响巨大。土壤中铁氧化物对有机碳的固定起重要作用,但不同类型的铁氧化物对有机碳固定的影响还有待进一步研究。选取南、北方两种地带性土壤,设计添加秸秆的培养试验,培养24个月,定期取样。测定土壤中不同类型有机碳和铁氧化物含量并获得其相关性;利用同步辐射红外光谱技术得到铁氧化物、有机物官能团随秸秆、时间变化的空间分布等信息。研究结果表明,1)秸秆还田后,红壤中有机碳在培养12个月后到达平衡,黑土中有机碳在培养20个月后分解量增加;2)在红壤中,晶型铁与总有机碳呈极显著正相关(r=0.519,p<0.01),非晶型铁与总有机碳(r=-0.454,p<0.01)、腐殖酸呈极显著负相关(r=-0.434,p<0.01),说明晶型铁对红壤有机碳的固定起促进作用。在黑土中,晶型铁与总有机碳、腐殖酸呈极显著正相关,r值分别为0.545和0.643;与溶解性有机碳呈极显著负相关(r=-0.433,p<0.01),说明在黑土中晶型铁对有机碳固相组分的固定起促进作用;3)同步辐射红外结果显示,在两种土壤不同处理中,粘粒矿物、铁氧化物优先固定脂肪碳;在红壤中,时间促进了两类矿物与各类型有机碳的结合,秸秆促进了铁氧化物与各类型有机碳的结合;在黑土中,两类矿物与各类型有机碳的结合受时间影响更大。该研究揭示了外源秸秆添加到红壤和黑土中,各类型有机碳、铁氧化物的动态变化过程,明确了各类型铁氧化物对有机碳固定的作用,可为红壤及黑土中有机碳管理提供理论依据。

有机肥减量配施外源碳基肥对设施菜地氨挥发及黄瓜产量的影响

针对我国农业源氨排放过高的问题,本研究通过探究有机肥减量配施外源碳基肥(生物炭及腐植酸)对设施菜地土壤氨挥发及黄瓜产量的影响,并结合高通量qPCR基因芯片技术,研究影响氨挥发的微生物学机制,明晰设施菜地有效的氨减排措施。以天津市武清区设施菜地为研究对象,本研究共设置5个处理:不施氮CK、推荐施肥量N1(37500 kg·hm^(-2)有机肥)、推荐施肥量配施腐植酸N1F(37500kg·hm^(-2)有机肥+2250kg·hm^(-2)腐植酸)、推荐施肥量配施生物炭N1B(37500kg·hm^(-2)有机肥+40t·hm^(-2)生物炭)、农民常规用量N_(2)(60000 kg·hm^(-2)有机肥)。结果表明:不同处理氨挥发动态基本一致,N_(2)处理氨挥发速率处于较高水平。随着施肥量的增加,土壤氨挥发累积量逐渐增加,氨挥发累积量从高到低依次为N_(2)、N1、N1B、N1F、CK,N1F处理和N1B处理较N_(2)处理显著降低了24.5%和21.0%的氨挥发累积量(P<0.05)。N_(2)处理土壤在末果期铵态氮含量显著高于其他处理;N1、N1F、N1B处理在盛果期和末果期土壤硝态氮含量显著高于N_(2)处理。施肥以及配施生物炭和腐植酸均能显著增加AOA-amoA基因丰度,与CK相比,N1、N_(2)的AOA-amoA基因丰度显著提高(P<0.05);与N_(2)、N1相比,N1F和N1B处理AOA-amoA基因丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。推荐施肥量增加了土壤AOB-amoA的基因丰度,配施腐植酸和生物炭无显著影响。Mantel test+结果表明,NH4-N含量、AOA-amoA、AOB-amoA能够显著影响设施菜地土壤氨挥发。减量施肥配施生物炭和腐植酸能够在一定程度上降低设施菜地土壤的氨挥发量,且腐植酸配施效果更好,并能够有效固持土壤的无机氮。N1、N1F、N1B各处理保证了作物产量并较N_(2)处理显著提高了氮素利用率。综合考虑农学和环境效益,有机肥减量配施腐植酸N1F为适宜的施肥方式。

The effect of iron on the preservation of organic carbon in marine sediments and its implications for carbon sequestration

Marine sediments are the most significant reservoir of organic carbon(OC)in Earth′s surface system.Iron,a crucial component of the marine biogeochemical cycle,has a considerable impact on marine ecology and carbon cycling.Understanding the effect of iron on the preservation of OC in marine sediments is essential for comprehending biogeochemical processes of carbon and climate change.This review summarizes the methods for characterizing the content and structure of iron-bound OC and explores the influencing mechanism of iron on OC preservation in marine sediments from two aspects:the selective preservation of OC by reactive iron minerals(iron oxides and iron sulfides)and iron redox processes.The selective preservation of sedimentary OC is influenced by different types of reactive iron minerals,OC reactivity,and functional groups.The iron redox process has dual effects on the preservation and degradation of OC.By considering sedimentary records of iron-bound OC across diverse marine environments,the role of iron in long-term preservation of OC and its significance for carbon sequestration are illustrated.Future research should focus on identifying effective methods for extracting reactive iron,the effect of diverse functional groups and marine sedimentary environments on the selective preservation of OC,and the mediation of microorganisms.Such work will help elucidate the influencing mechanisms of iron on the long-term burial and preservation of OC and explore its potential application in marine carbon sequestration to maximize its role in achieving carbon neutrality.

离蕊金花茶花营养成分分析

分析离蕊金花茶花的营养成分,探明离蕊金花茶的营养食用价值,为对其进一步开发利用提供理论依据。本研究以离蕊金花茶花朵为试验材料,根据国家检测标准,对离蕊金花茶的一般营养成分、矿质元素、维生素及有机酸类物质进行测定。结果表明:离蕊金花茶总黄酮、茶多酚、总花青素、总皂苷含量高,分别为57.50 mg·100g^(-1)、1.90 g·100g^(-1)、83.44 mg·kg^(-1)、0.20 g·100g^(-1),蛋白质含量为1.85 g·100g^(-1),脂肪含量为0.90 g·100g^(-1)。共检测出4种花青素类物质,其中原花青素为0.05 g·100g^(-1)、前花青素为0.01 g·100g^(-1)、芍药素为8.34 mg·kg^(-1)、矢车菊素为75.10 mg·kg^(-1)。含有11种矿质元素,含量较高的依次为钾3810.00 mg·kg^(-1)、钙905.00 mg·kg^(-1)、镁629.00 mg·kg^(-1),铝228.00 mg·kg^(-1)。检测出5种维生素类物质和11种有机酸类物质,其中维生素B8为36.10 mg·100g^(-1),维生素C为6.91 mg·100g^(-1)、苹果酸为3.10 g·kg^(-1)、二十四碳酸为0.90 g·kg^(-1)、亚油酸为0.96 g·kg^(-1)、α-亚麻酸为0.79 g·kg^(-1)、棕榈酸为0.71 g·kg^(-1)。离蕊金花茶富含多种营养元素,热量低,具有科学的保健功能,是一种很好的天然保健食品,很值得进一步开发利用。

A review: The beneficial effects and possible mechanisms of aluminum on plant growth in acidic soil

Aluminum(Al) is the third most abundant element in the earth’s crust and a major factor inhibiting plant growth and reducing crop yield in acidic soil.Although there is substantial research on the phytotoxic effects and the underlying mechanisms of Al by applying Al alone hydroponically,soil is a complex medium containing numerous mineral elements that can interact with Al and other elements and their bioavailability in plants.In this review,we describe the roles of Al in promoting plant growth,enhancing phosphorus availability and efficient use in plants,and alleviating H+,iron,and manganese toxicity in acidic conditions.Furthermore,we discuss the possible mechanisms of enhanced abiotic stress tolerance induced by Al.We also elucidate the role of Al in attracting plant growth promoting rhizo-bacteria(PGPR) and their interactions with plants by increasing organic exudates.

Effect of modified humic acid binder on pelletisation of specularite concentrates

A modified humic acid(MHA) binder was tested as a substitute for bentonite to prepare qualified specularite pellets. The results show that there is stronger chemisorption between organic functional groups in MHA binder molecular and specularite particles, improving the green pellet strength. MHA binder has obvious effect on the strength and microstructure of preheated pellets due to the thermal decomposition of organic matters in MHA binder. Appropriately increasing preheating temperature or time can eliminate the adverse impact of organic matters on the preheated pellet strength. Compared with the bentonite pellets, the roasted pellets with MHA binder have a more compact microstructure, and the recrystallization of the Fe2O3 crystal grains is better.Consequently, under optimal conditions, 0.75%(mass fraction) MHA binder pellets have equal or better pellet strengths and contain1.06% more total iron than 2 % bentonite pellets. The testing results indicate that MHA binder is a promising and effective alternative to bentonite for the specularite pellets.