[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore a functional organic material formula suitable for watermelon cultivation with high quality,high yield and high efficiency.[Methods]Four treatments were set in the exper...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore a functional organic material formula suitable for watermelon cultivation with high quality,high yield and high efficiency.[Methods]Four treatments were set in the experiment,namely four functional organic materials,garlic straw treatment(T_(1)),onion straw treatment(T_(2)),garlic straw+sheep manure treatment(T_(3))and onion straw+chicken manure treatment(T_(4)),to investigate the effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon.[Results]The effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were quite different.The fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were higher in treatment T_(3)applying garlic straw and sheep manure and treatment T_(4)applying onion straw and chicken manure than in treatment T_(1)applying garlic straw and treatment T_(2)applying onion straw.Specifically,the fresh weight of whole plant was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 12.83%and 5.94%respectively compared with treatment T_(1);the weight of single melon was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 42.45%and 31.77%respectively compared with treatment T_(2);and the SPAD values of treatments T_(3)and T_(4)were significantly higher than those of treatments T_(1)and T_(2),and the value of treatment T_(3)was the largest.[Conclusions]This study provides theoretical support for the popularization and application of fertilization techniques combining organic fertilizers and reduced chemical fertilizers for watermelon.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore suitable organic compound application models for watermelon growth.[Methods]With watermelon hybrid material"M22×P18"as the test material,the effects of fo...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore suitable organic compound application models for watermelon growth.[Methods]With watermelon hybrid material"M22×P18"as the test material,the effects of four functional organic materials,namely garlic straw treatment(T_(1)),onion straw treatment(T_(2)),garlic straw+sheep manure treatment(T_(3))and onion straw+chicken manure treatment(T_(4)),on the morphological indexes,yield and quality of watermelon were investigated.[Results]Different functional organic materials had different effects on morphological indexes,yield and quality of watermelon.The morphological indexes,nutritional quality indexes and yield of watermelon treated with garlic straw and sheep manure compound(T_(3))and onion straw and chicken manure compound(T_(4))were significantly higher than those treated simply with garlic straw(T_(1))and onion straw(T_(2)),and T_(3)performed relatively better.Compared with treatment T_(2),T_(3)showed a stem diameter,vine length and leaf number increasing by 43.05%,46.69%and 40.77%respectively,central sugar and side sugar contents increasing by 11.72%and 21.90%respectively,and a yield increasing by 42.91%,with significant differences from T_(2).[Conclusions]This study provides technical support for high-quality and high-yielding cultivation of watermelon.展开更多
The oilseed cake, vetch, rapeseed straw, wheat straw and corn straw were buried in tobacco-planted soil. The decomposition rates, the variation of active organic C and N contents in the residues and the relationship b...The oilseed cake, vetch, rapeseed straw, wheat straw and corn straw were buried in tobacco-planted soil. The decomposition rates, the variation of active organic C and N contents in the residues and the relationship between active organic C and N contents and decomposition rate were investigated. The results showed the decomposition rates of different organic materials were all high in the early period and then low in the late period. Among the organic materials, the decomposition rates ranked as oilseed cake 〉 vetch 〉 wheat straw and rapeseed straw 〉 corn straw. The decomposition rate was positively related to total N content (P〈0.01), but was negatively related to the active organic C/N ratio (P〈0.01). However, there was no significant relationship between decomposition ratio and active organic C content. With the proceeding of decomposition, the active organic C content and the total N content in rapeseed straw, vetch, wheat straw and corn straw all trended to increase, but the active organic C/N ratio trended to decrease. However, the variation of active organic C content, total N content and active organic C/N ratio in oilseed cake was on the contrary.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to reduce fertilizer and water losses caused by surface runoffs in rainy season and provide scientific references for soil moisture in arid season. [Method] The application proportion of comple...[Objective] The aim was to reduce fertilizer and water losses caused by surface runoffs in rainy season and provide scientific references for soil moisture in arid season. [Method] The application proportion of complex water-holding organic materials was determined by multi-factor mixture experiment and the curve changes of soil moisture characters were tested to analyze water-holding capacity and water availability of soils. [Result] The initial moisture content of soil with different mixture proportions improved in varying degrees. For example, when water-retention agents reached 0.4% and 0.6% of soil weight, soil moisture contents were 69.0% and70.5%, respectively, which showed significant differences with the control(S0.0). Soil dehydration terms in different treatments all extended, prolonging in the range of4.6-14 d. [Conclusion] The applications of water-retention agent and organic material would improve water-holding capacity of hills and low mountains, and initial moisture content and dehydration cycle tend to be volatile upon mixture proportion. Therefore,it is necessary to adjust soil fertility, crop species, and irrigation to meet crop demands on fertilizer and water.展开更多
Labile organic carbon (LC) and recalcitrant organic carbon (RC) are two major fractions of soil organic carbon (SOC) and play a critical role in organic carbon turnover and sequestration. The aims of this study ...Labile organic carbon (LC) and recalcitrant organic carbon (RC) are two major fractions of soil organic carbon (SOC) and play a critical role in organic carbon turnover and sequestration. The aims of this study were to evaluate the variations of LC and RC in a semi-arid soil (Inner Mongolia, China) under plastic mulch and drip irrigation after the application of organic materials (OMs), and to explore the effects of OMs from various sources on LC and RC by probing the decomposition characteristics of OMs using in-situ nylon mesh bags burying method. The field experiment included seven treatments, i.e., chicken manure (CM), sheep manure (SM), mushroom residue (MR), maize straw (MS), fodder grass (FG), tree leaves (TL) and no OMs as a control (CK). Soil LC and RC were separated by Huygens D's method (particle size-density), and the average soil mass recovery rate and carbon recovery rate were above 95%, which indicated this method was suitable for carbon pools size analysis. The LC and RC contents significantly (P〈0.01) increased after the application of OMs. Moreover, LC and RC contents were 3.2%-8.6% and 5.0%-9.4% higher in 2016 than in 2015. The applications of CM and SM significantly increased (P〈0,01) LC content and LC/SOC ratio, whereas they were the lowest after the application of TL. However, SOC and RC contents were significantly higher (P〈0.01) after the applications of TL and MS. The correlation analysis indicated the decomposition rate of OMs was positively related with LC content and LC/SOC ratio. In addition, lignin, polyphenol, WOM (total water-soluble organic matter), WHA (water-soluble humic acid), HSL (humicdike substance) and HAL (humic acid-like) contents in initial OMs played important roles in SOC and RC. In-situ nylon mesh bags burying experiment indicated the decomposition rates of CM, SM and MS were significantly higher than those of MR, FG, and TL. Furthermore, MS could result in more lignin derivatives, WHA, and HAL polymers in shorter time during the decomposition process. In conclusion, the application of MS in the semi-arid soil under a long-term plastic mulch and drip irrigation condition could not only improve soil fertility, but also enhance soil carbon sequestration.展开更多
To make recycling utilization of organic materials produced in various agricultural systems, five kinds of organic materials were applied in a field test, including crop straw (CS), biogas residue (BR), mushroom r...To make recycling utilization of organic materials produced in various agricultural systems, five kinds of organic materials were applied in a field test, including crop straw (CS), biogas residue (BR), mushroom residue (MR), wine residue (WR), pig manure (PM), with a mineral fertilizer (CF) and a no-fertilizer (CK) treatment as a control. Our objectives were: i) to quantify the effects of organic materials on soil C and N accumulation; ii) to evaluate the effects of organic materials on soil aggregate stability, along with the total organic carbon (TOC), and N in different aggregate fractions; and iii) to assess the relationships among the organic material components, soil C and N, and C, N in aggregate fractions. The trial was conducted in Wuqiao County, Hebei Province, China. The organic materials were incorporated at an equal rate of C, and combined with a mineral fertilizer in amounts of 150 kg N ha^-1, 26 kg P ha^-1 and 124 kg K ha-1 respectively during each crop season of a wheat-maize rotation system. The inputted C quantity of each organic material treatment was equivalent to the total amount of C contained in the crop straw harvested in CS treatement in the previous season. TOC, N, water-stable aggregates, and aggregate-associated TOC and N were investigated. The results showed that organic material incorporation increased soil aggregation and stabilization. On average, the soil macroaggregate proportion increased by 14%, the microaggregate proportion increased by 3%, and mean-weight diameter (MWD) increased by 20%. TOC content followed the order of PM〉WR〉MR〉BR〉CS〉CK〉CF; N content followed the order WR〉PM〉MR〉BR〉CS〉CF〉CK. No significant correlation was found between TOC, N, and the quality of organic material. Soil silt and clay particles contained the largest part of TOC, whereas the small macroaggregate fraction was the most sensitive to organic materials. Our results indicate that PM and WR exerted better effects on soil C and N accumulation, followed by MR and BR, suggesting that organic materials from ex situ farmland could promote soil quality more as compared to straw returned in situ.展开更多
In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments (SSs), a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to...In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments (SSs), a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials (OMs) in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl (0.1 mol/L) + HNO3 (0.1 mol/L), (NH4)2C2O4 (0.2 mol/L) + H2C2O4 (pH 3.0), and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.展开更多
The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution onto humic acid (HA) which was isolated from cattle manure (CHA), peat (PHA), and leaf litter (LHA) as a function of contact time, pH, ion strength, and initial...The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution onto humic acid (HA) which was isolated from cattle manure (CHA), peat (PHA), and leaf litter (LHA) as a function of contact time, pH, ion strength, and initial concentration was studied using the batch method. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to examine the coordination environment of the Cu(ll) adsorbed by HA at a molecular level. Moreover, the chemical compositions of the isolated HA were characterized by elemental analysis and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The kinetic data showed that the adsorption equilibrium can be achieved within 8 h. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorption isotherms could be well fitted by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacities of Cu(ll) on CHA, PHA, and LHA were 229.4,210.4, and 197.7 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) on HA increased with the increase in pH from 2 to 7, and maintained a high level at pH〉7. The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) was also strongly influenced by the low ionic strength of 0.01 to 0.2 mol L-1 NaNO3, but was weakly influenced by high ionic strength of 0.4 to 1 mol L-1 NaNO3. The Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption on HA may be mainly attributed to ion exchange and surface complexation. XAS results revealed that the binding site and oxidation state of Cu adsorbed on HA surface did not change at the initial Cu(Ⅱ) concentrations of 15 to 40 mg L 1. For all the Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption samples, each Cu atom was surrounded by 40/N atoms at a bond distance of 1.95 A in the first coordination shell. The presence of the higher Cu coordination shells proved that Cu(Ⅱ) was adsorbed via an inner-sphere covalent bond onto the HA surface. Among the three HA samples, the adsorption capacity and affinity of CHA for Cu(Ⅱ) was the greatest, followed by that of PHA and LHA. All the three HA samples exhibited similar types of elemental and functional groups, but different contents of elemental and functional groups. CHA contained larger proportions of methoxyl C, phenolic C and carbonyl C, and smaller proportions of alkyl C and carbohydrate C than PHA and LHA. The structural differences of the three HA samples are responsible for their distinct adsorption capacity and affinity toward Cu(Ⅱ). These results are important to achieve better understanding of the behavior of Cu(Ⅱ) in soil and water bodies in the presence of organic materials.展开更多
Incubation of two soils, a red soil derived from granodiorte and a fluvo-aquic soil from alluvial deposit,with rice straw, Chinese milk vetch and pig manure under submerged condition were conducted to study thespecies...Incubation of two soils, a red soil derived from granodiorte and a fluvo-aquic soil from alluvial deposit,with rice straw, Chinese milk vetch and pig manure under submerged condition were conducted to study thespecies of Cu in soil solutions as affected by the organic materials. The organic materials increased totalsoluble Cu by raising dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution when the solution pH values were belowthe range in which Cu deposited quickly. When the solution pH rose to this range, the increase of DOCdid not raise total soluble Cu. Total soluble Cu in all the treatments dropped with incubation time. Afteradding organic materials labile Cu dropped with incubation time and decreased sharply in the pH range ofCu precipitation. Addition of organic materials enhanced slowly labile Cu but depressed the ratio of labileCu to total soluble Cu. Slowly labile Cu decreased with incubation time. Stepwise multiple linear regressionanalysis showed that total soluble Cu was positively correlated with Eh and DOC (P=0.0025), labile Cuwas negatively correlated with pH (P=0.011 8), and slowly labile Cu was positively correlated with Eh andDOC (P=0.002 2). Both the labile and slowly labile Cu were correlated with total soluble Cu at extremelysignificant levels.展开更多
Artificial neural network(ANN) and full factorial design assisted atrazine(AT) multiple regression adsorption model(AT-MRAM) were developed to analyze the adsorption capability of the main components in the surf...Artificial neural network(ANN) and full factorial design assisted atrazine(AT) multiple regression adsorption model(AT-MRAM) were developed to analyze the adsorption capability of the main components in the surficial sediments(SSs). Artificial neural network was used to build a model(the determination coefficient square r2 is 0.9977) to describe the process of atrazine adsorption onto SSs, and then to predict responses of the full factorial design. Based on the results of the full factorial design, the interactions of the main components in SSs on AT adsorption were investigated through the analysis of variance(ANOVA), F-test and t-test. The adsorption capability of the main components in SSs for AT was calculated via a multiple regression adsorption model(MRAM). The results show that the greatest contribution to the adsorption of AT on a molar basis was attributed to Fe/Mn(–1.993 μmol/mol). Organic materials(OMs) and Fe oxides in SSs are the important adsorption sites for AT, and the adsorption capabilities are 1.944 and 0.418 μmol/mol, respectively. The interaction among the non-residual components(Fe, Mn oxides and OMs) in SSs interferes in the adsorption of AT that shouldn’t be neglected, revealing the significant contribution of the interaction among non-residual components to controlling the behavior of AT in aquatic environments.展开更多
Knowledge of different effects of various organic materials on soil humic substance is important for both environmental safety and sustainable agriculture.A pot experiment was conducted at Jilin Agricultural Universit...Knowledge of different effects of various organic materials on soil humic substance is important for both environmental safety and sustainable agriculture.A pot experiment was conducted at Jilin Agricultural University,Jilin Province in northeast China to discover the influence of herb residue,animal excrement,woody residue,animal remnant on fulvic acid(FA) composition and structure using differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetric(DTA-TG),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and elemental analysis.DTA-TG showed the range of peak temperature in the first exothermic reaction increased following the trend: CK〉herb residue〉animal excrement〉woody residue=animal remnant,and the most weight loss was observed in animal excrement.Moreover,the second exothermic reaction of CK-and animal excrement-FA was presented as double peaks,the order of weight loss in that area was animal remnant〉CK〉woody residue〉animal excrement〉herb residue.According to FTIR,herb residue displayed higher adsorption intensity at 2 950,1 420,1 240 and 1 030 cm-1,animal excrement was in reverse.At the same time,herb residue-and animal excrement-FA had an absorption peak at 1 720 cm-1,while other organic materials didn't have this peak.As elemental analysis showed,FA isolated from various treatments was significantly distinct.It was clearly shown from our results that FA composition and structure in amended soils may be affected in different ways and at various extents on dependence of the nature and origin of amendment.展开更多
Opto-thermal transient emission radiometry(OTTER) is a infrared remote sensing technique, which has been successfully used in in vivoskin moisture content and skin moisture depth profiling measurements. In present pap...Opto-thermal transient emission radiometry(OTTER) is a infrared remote sensing technique, which has been successfully used in in vivoskin moisture content and skin moisture depth profiling measurements. In present paper, we extend this moisture content measurement capability to analyze the moisture content of fruit(tomato, grape, etc.) skins, and to study the relationship between fruits ripening process and their surface moisture and moisture depth profiles.展开更多
The effect of three organic materials (rice straw, Chinese milk vetch and pig manure) on the fractionationof cadmium added into two soils (a red soil and a fiuvo-aquic soil) was studied using submerged incubationexper...The effect of three organic materials (rice straw, Chinese milk vetch and pig manure) on the fractionationof cadmium added into two soils (a red soil and a fiuvo-aquic soil) was studied using submerged incubationexperiment. The organic materials increased soil solid organic carbon (SOC), pH value, the concentration ofactive Si in all the treatments and active Fe and Mn in some treatments. Accumulated SOC caused directlythe increase of Cd bound to solid organic matter and consequently the decrease of exchangeable Cd. Higheractive Si and pH, as well as lower Eh, were also responsible for the reduction of exchangeable Cd. Cd boundto Mn oxide was positively correlated with pH values and rose significatly after one-month incubation, butdecreased after three-month incubstion. Cd bound to amorphous Fe oxide increased with the incubationtime, but was not effected significantly by adding organic materials.展开更多
Soil potentially hazardous metal(PHM)is continually attracting public attention worldwide,due to its highly toxic properties and potentially huge damage to human being through food chain.Phytoremediation is an effecti...Soil potentially hazardous metal(PHM)is continually attracting public attention worldwide,due to its highly toxic properties and potentially huge damage to human being through food chain.Phytoremediation is an effective and eco-friendly way in remediation technology.A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different organic materials(biogas residue(BR),mushroom residue(MR),and bamboo-shoot shell(BS))application on phytoremediation of two PHM-contaminated soils(Fuyang soil as‘heavily-polluted soil’and Wenzhou soil as‘moderately-polluted soil’,respectively)by Sedum alfrecdii Hance.The results indicated:1)for moderately-polluted soil,the 5%BR treatment had the strongest activation to Cu and Zn,for heavily-polluted soil,1%BS treatment had the highest activation effect for Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd.2)the above-ground biomass of Sedum alfredii Hance increased with the addition rate of organic materials.3)for Cd uptake of Sedum alfredii Hance in moderately-polluted soil,only 1%BS treatment had a better accumulation effect,compared to the control,for Zn element,MR treatments were weaker than the control,while other treatments were better than the control,of which 5%BR,1%BS and 5%BS accumulated more Zn element by 39.6%,32.6%and 23.8%,respectively;in heavily-polluted soil,the treatments of 5%BS,1%BR and 5%BR accumulated more Cd than the control by 12.9%,12.8%and 6.2%,respectively,the treatments with organic materials addition promoted Zn accumulation in shoots of Sedum alfredii Hance,and the best treatment was 5%BS.Therefore,an appropriate application rate of BS and BR could improve the remediation efficiency for Zn/Cd contaminated soils by Sedum alfredii Hance.展开更多
Heavy metal pollution and remediation of soils have drawn much attention. More and more scholars tend to remediate soil heavy metals without affecting the normal agricultural production. By analyzing the mechanism of ...Heavy metal pollution and remediation of soils have drawn much attention. More and more scholars tend to remediate soil heavy metals without affecting the normal agricultural production. By analyzing the mechanism of action of organic materials to remediate Pb pollution in soil,the effect of different organic materials on the passivation of available Pb in soil was summarized,and the prospect was proposed for the future application of organic materials,in order to provide reference for the remediation of Pb and other heavy metals by organic materials.展开更多
Porous organic molecular materials(POMMs)are an emergent class of molecular-based materials characterized by the formation of extended porous frameworks,mainly held by non-covalent interactions.POMMs represent a varie...Porous organic molecular materials(POMMs)are an emergent class of molecular-based materials characterized by the formation of extended porous frameworks,mainly held by non-covalent interactions.POMMs represent a variety of chemical families,such as hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks,porous organic salts,porous organic cages,C-H···πmicroporous crystals,supramolecular organic frameworks,π-organic frameworks,halogen-bonded organic framework,and intrinsically porous molecular materials.In some porous materials such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks,the integration of multiscale has been adopted to build materials with multifunctionality and optimized properties.Therefore,considering the significant role of hierarchy in porous materials and the growing importance of POMMs in the realm of synthetic porous materials,we consider it appropriate to dedicate for the first time a critical review covering both topics.Herein,we will provide a summary of literature examples showcasing hierarchical POMMs,with a focus on their main synthetic approaches,applications,and the advantages brought forth by introducing hierarchy.展开更多
Distinct from"rockingchair"lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the unique anionic intercalation chemistry on the cathode side of dual-ion batteries(DIBs)endows them with intrinsic advantages of low cost,high voltage...Distinct from"rockingchair"lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the unique anionic intercalation chemistry on the cathode side of dual-ion batteries(DIBs)endows them with intrinsic advantages of low cost,high voltage,and ecofriendly,which is attracting widespread attention,and is expected to achieve the next generation of large-scale energy storage applications.Although the electrochemical reactions on the anode side of DIBs are similar to that of LIBs,in fact,to match the rapid insertion kinetics of anions on the cathode side and consider the compatibility with electrolyte system which also serves as an active material,the anode materials play a very important role,and there is an urgent demand for rational structural design and performance optimization.A review and summarization of previous studies will facilitate the exploration and optimization of DIBs in the future.Here,we summarize the development process and working mechanism of DIBs and exhaustively categorize the latest research of DIBs anode materials and their applications in different battery systems.Moreover,the structural design,reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance of anode materials are briefly discussed.Finally,the fundamental challenges,potential strategies and perspectives are also put forward.It is hoped that this review could shed some light for researchers to explore more superior anode materials and advanced systems to further promote the development of DIBs.展开更多
Organic contaminants have posed a direct and substantial risk to human wellness and the environment.In recent years,piezo-electric catalysis has evolved as a novel and effective method for decomposing these contaminan...Organic contaminants have posed a direct and substantial risk to human wellness and the environment.In recent years,piezo-electric catalysis has evolved as a novel and effective method for decomposing these contaminants.Although piezoelectric materials offer a wide range of options,most related studies thus far have focused on inorganic materials and have paid little attention to organic materi-als.Organic materials have advantages,such as being lightweight,inexpensive,and easy to process,over inorganic materials.Therefore,this paper provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in the research on piezoelectric catalysis using organic materials,high-lighting their catalytic efficiency in addressing various pollutants.In addition,the applications of organic materials in piezoelectric cata-lysis for water decomposition to produce hydrogen,disinfect bacteria,treat tumors,and reduce carbon dioxide are presented.Finally,fu-ture developmental trends regarding the piezoelectric catalytic potential of organic materials are explored.展开更多
Renewable energies are of major interest due to their inexhaustible and clean nature, with minimal impact on the environment. Numerous technological pathways exist in this field, each distinguished by the materials us...Renewable energies are of major interest due to their inexhaustible and clean nature, with minimal impact on the environment. Numerous technological pathways exist in this field, each distinguished by the materials used and their implementation principles. However, the cost-efficiency ratio remains a significant challenge for researchers. Currently, organic materials are gaining popularity due to their relatively low cost. However, their performance, particularly in terms of conversion efficiency, still requires improvements. This study focuses on optimizing the organic photovoltaic cell ITO/MoO3/CARAPA/PCBM/Alq3/Al using SCAPS. Several parameters were considered, such as layer thickness, recombination center density, and doping, to improve the cell’s performance. The optimal parameters obtained include an efficiency of 3%, a fill factor of 81.67%, an open-circuit voltage of 1610 mV, and a short-circuit current of 2.28 mA/cm2. The study also revealed that doping the phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) layer has a significant impact on efficiency and short-circuit current, improving these parameters up to a certain point before causing degradation due to increased recombination. Furthermore, high doping of the tri (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) layer improves performance up to a critical threshold, after which degradation is also observed. In contrast, doping the molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) layer does not have a notable impact on cell performance. Regarding the thickness of the active Carapaprocera (CARAPA) and PCBM layers, non-optimal values lead to a decrease in performance. Similarly, an optimal thickness of the Alq3 layer significantly improves efficiency. These results highlight the importance of parameter optimization to maximize the efficiency of organic solar cells.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of investigations on quasi-one-dimensional organic crystals of tetrathiotetracene-tetracyanoquinodi- methane (TTT(TCNQ)<sub>2</sub>) from the prospective...The purpose of this paper is to present the results of investigations on quasi-one-dimensional organic crystals of tetrathiotetracene-tetracyanoquinodi- methane (TTT(TCNQ)<sub>2</sub>) from the prospective of thermoelectric applications. The calculations were performed after analytical expressions, obtained in the frame of a physical model, more detailed than the model presented earlier by authors. The main Hamiltonian of the model includes the electronic and phonon part, electron-phonon interactions and the impurity scattering term. In order to estimate the electric charge transport between the molecular chains, the physical model was upgraded to the so-called three-dimen- sional (3D) physical model. Numeric computations were performed to determine the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, thermoelectric power factor and thermoelectric figure-of-merit as a function on charge carrier concentrations, temperatures and impurity concentrations. A detailed analysis of charge-lattice interaction, consisting of the exploration of the Peierls structural transition in TCNQ molecular chains of TTT(TCNQ)<sub>2</sub> was performed. As result, the critical transition temperature was determined. The dispersion of renormalized phonons was examined in detail.展开更多
基金Supported by Shangqiu Science and Technology Research Project(202405).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore a functional organic material formula suitable for watermelon cultivation with high quality,high yield and high efficiency.[Methods]Four treatments were set in the experiment,namely four functional organic materials,garlic straw treatment(T_(1)),onion straw treatment(T_(2)),garlic straw+sheep manure treatment(T_(3))and onion straw+chicken manure treatment(T_(4)),to investigate the effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon.[Results]The effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were quite different.The fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were higher in treatment T_(3)applying garlic straw and sheep manure and treatment T_(4)applying onion straw and chicken manure than in treatment T_(1)applying garlic straw and treatment T_(2)applying onion straw.Specifically,the fresh weight of whole plant was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 12.83%and 5.94%respectively compared with treatment T_(1);the weight of single melon was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 42.45%and 31.77%respectively compared with treatment T_(2);and the SPAD values of treatments T_(3)and T_(4)were significantly higher than those of treatments T_(1)and T_(2),and the value of treatment T_(3)was the largest.[Conclusions]This study provides theoretical support for the popularization and application of fertilization techniques combining organic fertilizers and reduced chemical fertilizers for watermelon.
基金Supported by Shangqiu Science and Technology Research Project(202405).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore suitable organic compound application models for watermelon growth.[Methods]With watermelon hybrid material"M22×P18"as the test material,the effects of four functional organic materials,namely garlic straw treatment(T_(1)),onion straw treatment(T_(2)),garlic straw+sheep manure treatment(T_(3))and onion straw+chicken manure treatment(T_(4)),on the morphological indexes,yield and quality of watermelon were investigated.[Results]Different functional organic materials had different effects on morphological indexes,yield and quality of watermelon.The morphological indexes,nutritional quality indexes and yield of watermelon treated with garlic straw and sheep manure compound(T_(3))and onion straw and chicken manure compound(T_(4))were significantly higher than those treated simply with garlic straw(T_(1))and onion straw(T_(2)),and T_(3)performed relatively better.Compared with treatment T_(2),T_(3)showed a stem diameter,vine length and leaf number increasing by 43.05%,46.69%and 40.77%respectively,central sugar and side sugar contents increasing by 11.72%and 21.90%respectively,and a yield increasing by 42.91%,with significant differences from T_(2).[Conclusions]This study provides technical support for high-quality and high-yielding cultivation of watermelon.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2012BAD40B02Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company Plan Project(2012YN48)~~
文摘The oilseed cake, vetch, rapeseed straw, wheat straw and corn straw were buried in tobacco-planted soil. The decomposition rates, the variation of active organic C and N contents in the residues and the relationship between active organic C and N contents and decomposition rate were investigated. The results showed the decomposition rates of different organic materials were all high in the early period and then low in the late period. Among the organic materials, the decomposition rates ranked as oilseed cake 〉 vetch 〉 wheat straw and rapeseed straw 〉 corn straw. The decomposition rate was positively related to total N content (P〈0.01), but was negatively related to the active organic C/N ratio (P〈0.01). However, there was no significant relationship between decomposition ratio and active organic C content. With the proceeding of decomposition, the active organic C content and the total N content in rapeseed straw, vetch, wheat straw and corn straw all trended to increase, but the active organic C/N ratio trended to decrease. However, the variation of active organic C content, total N content and active organic C/N ratio in oilseed cake was on the contrary.
基金Supported by Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Province(CX(14)2099)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to reduce fertilizer and water losses caused by surface runoffs in rainy season and provide scientific references for soil moisture in arid season. [Method] The application proportion of complex water-holding organic materials was determined by multi-factor mixture experiment and the curve changes of soil moisture characters were tested to analyze water-holding capacity and water availability of soils. [Result] The initial moisture content of soil with different mixture proportions improved in varying degrees. For example, when water-retention agents reached 0.4% and 0.6% of soil weight, soil moisture contents were 69.0% and70.5%, respectively, which showed significant differences with the control(S0.0). Soil dehydration terms in different treatments all extended, prolonging in the range of4.6-14 d. [Conclusion] The applications of water-retention agent and organic material would improve water-holding capacity of hills and low mountains, and initial moisture content and dehydration cycle tend to be volatile upon mixture proportion. Therefore,it is necessary to adjust soil fertility, crop species, and irrigation to meet crop demands on fertilizer and water.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0201801)the Research Foundation of the Science & Technology Agency of Jilin Province, China (20150203004NY)
文摘Labile organic carbon (LC) and recalcitrant organic carbon (RC) are two major fractions of soil organic carbon (SOC) and play a critical role in organic carbon turnover and sequestration. The aims of this study were to evaluate the variations of LC and RC in a semi-arid soil (Inner Mongolia, China) under plastic mulch and drip irrigation after the application of organic materials (OMs), and to explore the effects of OMs from various sources on LC and RC by probing the decomposition characteristics of OMs using in-situ nylon mesh bags burying method. The field experiment included seven treatments, i.e., chicken manure (CM), sheep manure (SM), mushroom residue (MR), maize straw (MS), fodder grass (FG), tree leaves (TL) and no OMs as a control (CK). Soil LC and RC were separated by Huygens D's method (particle size-density), and the average soil mass recovery rate and carbon recovery rate were above 95%, which indicated this method was suitable for carbon pools size analysis. The LC and RC contents significantly (P〈0.01) increased after the application of OMs. Moreover, LC and RC contents were 3.2%-8.6% and 5.0%-9.4% higher in 2016 than in 2015. The applications of CM and SM significantly increased (P〈0,01) LC content and LC/SOC ratio, whereas they were the lowest after the application of TL. However, SOC and RC contents were significantly higher (P〈0.01) after the applications of TL and MS. The correlation analysis indicated the decomposition rate of OMs was positively related with LC content and LC/SOC ratio. In addition, lignin, polyphenol, WOM (total water-soluble organic matter), WHA (water-soluble humic acid), HSL (humicdike substance) and HAL (humic acid-like) contents in initial OMs played important roles in SOC and RC. In-situ nylon mesh bags burying experiment indicated the decomposition rates of CM, SM and MS were significantly higher than those of MR, FG, and TL. Furthermore, MS could result in more lignin derivatives, WHA, and HAL polymers in shorter time during the decomposition process. In conclusion, the application of MS in the semi-arid soil under a long-term plastic mulch and drip irrigation condition could not only improve soil fertility, but also enhance soil carbon sequestration.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011BAD16B15 and 2012BAD14B03)
文摘To make recycling utilization of organic materials produced in various agricultural systems, five kinds of organic materials were applied in a field test, including crop straw (CS), biogas residue (BR), mushroom residue (MR), wine residue (WR), pig manure (PM), with a mineral fertilizer (CF) and a no-fertilizer (CK) treatment as a control. Our objectives were: i) to quantify the effects of organic materials on soil C and N accumulation; ii) to evaluate the effects of organic materials on soil aggregate stability, along with the total organic carbon (TOC), and N in different aggregate fractions; and iii) to assess the relationships among the organic material components, soil C and N, and C, N in aggregate fractions. The trial was conducted in Wuqiao County, Hebei Province, China. The organic materials were incorporated at an equal rate of C, and combined with a mineral fertilizer in amounts of 150 kg N ha^-1, 26 kg P ha^-1 and 124 kg K ha-1 respectively during each crop season of a wheat-maize rotation system. The inputted C quantity of each organic material treatment was equivalent to the total amount of C contained in the crop straw harvested in CS treatement in the previous season. TOC, N, water-stable aggregates, and aggregate-associated TOC and N were investigated. The results showed that organic material incorporation increased soil aggregation and stabilization. On average, the soil macroaggregate proportion increased by 14%, the microaggregate proportion increased by 3%, and mean-weight diameter (MWD) increased by 20%. TOC content followed the order of PM〉WR〉MR〉BR〉CS〉CK〉CF; N content followed the order WR〉PM〉MR〉BR〉CS〉CF〉CK. No significant correlation was found between TOC, N, and the quality of organic material. Soil silt and clay particles contained the largest part of TOC, whereas the small macroaggregate fraction was the most sensitive to organic materials. Our results indicate that PM and WR exerted better effects on soil C and N accumulation, followed by MR and BR, suggesting that organic materials from ex situ farmland could promote soil quality more as compared to straw returned in situ.
基金The National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB3418501)
文摘In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments (SSs), a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials (OMs) in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl (0.1 mol/L) + HNO3 (0.1 mol/L), (NH4)2C2O4 (0.2 mol/L) + H2C2O4 (pH 3.0), and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2013BAD07B02 and 2013BAC09B01)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201103003)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Project of Jilin Province, China (01912)the Doctoral Initiative Foundation of Jilin Agricultural University, China (201216)
文摘The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution onto humic acid (HA) which was isolated from cattle manure (CHA), peat (PHA), and leaf litter (LHA) as a function of contact time, pH, ion strength, and initial concentration was studied using the batch method. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to examine the coordination environment of the Cu(ll) adsorbed by HA at a molecular level. Moreover, the chemical compositions of the isolated HA were characterized by elemental analysis and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The kinetic data showed that the adsorption equilibrium can be achieved within 8 h. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorption isotherms could be well fitted by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacities of Cu(ll) on CHA, PHA, and LHA were 229.4,210.4, and 197.7 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) on HA increased with the increase in pH from 2 to 7, and maintained a high level at pH〉7. The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) was also strongly influenced by the low ionic strength of 0.01 to 0.2 mol L-1 NaNO3, but was weakly influenced by high ionic strength of 0.4 to 1 mol L-1 NaNO3. The Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption on HA may be mainly attributed to ion exchange and surface complexation. XAS results revealed that the binding site and oxidation state of Cu adsorbed on HA surface did not change at the initial Cu(Ⅱ) concentrations of 15 to 40 mg L 1. For all the Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption samples, each Cu atom was surrounded by 40/N atoms at a bond distance of 1.95 A in the first coordination shell. The presence of the higher Cu coordination shells proved that Cu(Ⅱ) was adsorbed via an inner-sphere covalent bond onto the HA surface. Among the three HA samples, the adsorption capacity and affinity of CHA for Cu(Ⅱ) was the greatest, followed by that of PHA and LHA. All the three HA samples exhibited similar types of elemental and functional groups, but different contents of elemental and functional groups. CHA contained larger proportions of methoxyl C, phenolic C and carbonyl C, and smaller proportions of alkyl C and carbohydrate C than PHA and LHA. The structural differences of the three HA samples are responsible for their distinct adsorption capacity and affinity toward Cu(Ⅱ). These results are important to achieve better understanding of the behavior of Cu(Ⅱ) in soil and water bodies in the presence of organic materials.
文摘Incubation of two soils, a red soil derived from granodiorte and a fluvo-aquic soil from alluvial deposit,with rice straw, Chinese milk vetch and pig manure under submerged condition were conducted to study thespecies of Cu in soil solutions as affected by the organic materials. The organic materials increased totalsoluble Cu by raising dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution when the solution pH values were belowthe range in which Cu deposited quickly. When the solution pH rose to this range, the increase of DOCdid not raise total soluble Cu. Total soluble Cu in all the treatments dropped with incubation time. Afteradding organic materials labile Cu dropped with incubation time and decreased sharply in the pH range ofCu precipitation. Addition of organic materials enhanced slowly labile Cu but depressed the ratio of labileCu to total soluble Cu. Slowly labile Cu decreased with incubation time. Stepwise multiple linear regressionanalysis showed that total soluble Cu was positively correlated with Eh and DOC (P=0.0025), labile Cuwas negatively correlated with pH (P=0.011 8), and slowly labile Cu was positively correlated with Eh andDOC (P=0.002 2). Both the labile and slowly labile Cu were correlated with total soluble Cu at extremelysignificant levels.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50879025)
文摘Artificial neural network(ANN) and full factorial design assisted atrazine(AT) multiple regression adsorption model(AT-MRAM) were developed to analyze the adsorption capability of the main components in the surficial sediments(SSs). Artificial neural network was used to build a model(the determination coefficient square r2 is 0.9977) to describe the process of atrazine adsorption onto SSs, and then to predict responses of the full factorial design. Based on the results of the full factorial design, the interactions of the main components in SSs on AT adsorption were investigated through the analysis of variance(ANOVA), F-test and t-test. The adsorption capability of the main components in SSs for AT was calculated via a multiple regression adsorption model(MRAM). The results show that the greatest contribution to the adsorption of AT on a molar basis was attributed to Fe/Mn(–1.993 μmol/mol). Organic materials(OMs) and Fe oxides in SSs are the important adsorption sites for AT, and the adsorption capabilities are 1.944 and 0.418 μmol/mol, respectively. The interaction among the non-residual components(Fe, Mn oxides and OMs) in SSs interferes in the adsorption of AT that shouldn’t be neglected, revealing the significant contribution of the interaction among non-residual components to controlling the behavior of AT in aquatic environments.
基金funded by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2012BAD14B05, 2013BAC09B01)the Major Achievement Transfer Project of Jilin Province, China (20130309005NY)
文摘Knowledge of different effects of various organic materials on soil humic substance is important for both environmental safety and sustainable agriculture.A pot experiment was conducted at Jilin Agricultural University,Jilin Province in northeast China to discover the influence of herb residue,animal excrement,woody residue,animal remnant on fulvic acid(FA) composition and structure using differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetric(DTA-TG),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and elemental analysis.DTA-TG showed the range of peak temperature in the first exothermic reaction increased following the trend: CK〉herb residue〉animal excrement〉woody residue=animal remnant,and the most weight loss was observed in animal excrement.Moreover,the second exothermic reaction of CK-and animal excrement-FA was presented as double peaks,the order of weight loss in that area was animal remnant〉CK〉woody residue〉animal excrement〉herb residue.According to FTIR,herb residue displayed higher adsorption intensity at 2 950,1 420,1 240 and 1 030 cm-1,animal excrement was in reverse.At the same time,herb residue-and animal excrement-FA had an absorption peak at 1 720 cm-1,while other organic materials didn't have this peak.As elemental analysis showed,FA isolated from various treatments was significantly distinct.It was clearly shown from our results that FA composition and structure in amended soils may be affected in different ways and at various extents on dependence of the nature and origin of amendment.
文摘Opto-thermal transient emission radiometry(OTTER) is a infrared remote sensing technique, which has been successfully used in in vivoskin moisture content and skin moisture depth profiling measurements. In present paper, we extend this moisture content measurement capability to analyze the moisture content of fruit(tomato, grape, etc.) skins, and to study the relationship between fruits ripening process and their surface moisture and moisture depth profiles.
文摘The effect of three organic materials (rice straw, Chinese milk vetch and pig manure) on the fractionationof cadmium added into two soils (a red soil and a fiuvo-aquic soil) was studied using submerged incubationexperiment. The organic materials increased soil solid organic carbon (SOC), pH value, the concentration ofactive Si in all the treatments and active Fe and Mn in some treatments. Accumulated SOC caused directlythe increase of Cd bound to solid organic matter and consequently the decrease of exchangeable Cd. Higheractive Si and pH, as well as lower Eh, were also responsible for the reduction of exchangeable Cd. Cd boundto Mn oxide was positively correlated with pH values and rose significatly after one-month incubation, butdecreased after three-month incubstion. Cd bound to amorphous Fe oxide increased with the incubationtime, but was not effected significantly by adding organic materials.
基金the National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202110341014).
文摘Soil potentially hazardous metal(PHM)is continually attracting public attention worldwide,due to its highly toxic properties and potentially huge damage to human being through food chain.Phytoremediation is an effective and eco-friendly way in remediation technology.A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different organic materials(biogas residue(BR),mushroom residue(MR),and bamboo-shoot shell(BS))application on phytoremediation of two PHM-contaminated soils(Fuyang soil as‘heavily-polluted soil’and Wenzhou soil as‘moderately-polluted soil’,respectively)by Sedum alfrecdii Hance.The results indicated:1)for moderately-polluted soil,the 5%BR treatment had the strongest activation to Cu and Zn,for heavily-polluted soil,1%BS treatment had the highest activation effect for Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd.2)the above-ground biomass of Sedum alfredii Hance increased with the addition rate of organic materials.3)for Cd uptake of Sedum alfredii Hance in moderately-polluted soil,only 1%BS treatment had a better accumulation effect,compared to the control,for Zn element,MR treatments were weaker than the control,while other treatments were better than the control,of which 5%BR,1%BS and 5%BS accumulated more Zn element by 39.6%,32.6%and 23.8%,respectively;in heavily-polluted soil,the treatments of 5%BS,1%BR and 5%BR accumulated more Cd than the control by 12.9%,12.8%and 6.2%,respectively,the treatments with organic materials addition promoted Zn accumulation in shoots of Sedum alfredii Hance,and the best treatment was 5%BS.Therefore,an appropriate application rate of BS and BR could improve the remediation efficiency for Zn/Cd contaminated soils by Sedum alfredii Hance.
基金Supported by the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Guizhou Province(Qiankehe Support[2017]2580)the Major Project of Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Province(Qiankehe JZ[2014]No.2012)
文摘Heavy metal pollution and remediation of soils have drawn much attention. More and more scholars tend to remediate soil heavy metals without affecting the normal agricultural production. By analyzing the mechanism of action of organic materials to remediate Pb pollution in soil,the effect of different organic materials on the passivation of available Pb in soil was summarized,and the prospect was proposed for the future application of organic materials,in order to provide reference for the remediation of Pb and other heavy metals by organic materials.
基金the MICINN (Spain)(Projects PID2019-104778GB-I00, PID2020-115100GB-I00Excellence Unit “Maria de Maeztu” CEX2019-000919-M)+5 种基金the Royal Society of Chemistryfunded by Generalitat Valenciana(PROMETEU/2021/054 and SEJI/2020/034)the “Ramón y Cajal” program (RYC2019-027940-I)the Royal Society (RGSR1221390)Royal Society of Chemistry (R21-5119312833) for the funding.
文摘Porous organic molecular materials(POMMs)are an emergent class of molecular-based materials characterized by the formation of extended porous frameworks,mainly held by non-covalent interactions.POMMs represent a variety of chemical families,such as hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks,porous organic salts,porous organic cages,C-H···πmicroporous crystals,supramolecular organic frameworks,π-organic frameworks,halogen-bonded organic framework,and intrinsically porous molecular materials.In some porous materials such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks,the integration of multiscale has been adopted to build materials with multifunctionality and optimized properties.Therefore,considering the significant role of hierarchy in porous materials and the growing importance of POMMs in the realm of synthetic porous materials,we consider it appropriate to dedicate for the first time a critical review covering both topics.Herein,we will provide a summary of literature examples showcasing hierarchical POMMs,with a focus on their main synthetic approaches,applications,and the advantages brought forth by introducing hierarchy.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075089)the Project of Science and Technology of Jieyang City(2019026)the Fundamental and Applied Fundamental Research Project of Zhuhai City(22017003200023).
文摘Distinct from"rockingchair"lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the unique anionic intercalation chemistry on the cathode side of dual-ion batteries(DIBs)endows them with intrinsic advantages of low cost,high voltage,and ecofriendly,which is attracting widespread attention,and is expected to achieve the next generation of large-scale energy storage applications.Although the electrochemical reactions on the anode side of DIBs are similar to that of LIBs,in fact,to match the rapid insertion kinetics of anions on the cathode side and consider the compatibility with electrolyte system which also serves as an active material,the anode materials play a very important role,and there is an urgent demand for rational structural design and performance optimization.A review and summarization of previous studies will facilitate the exploration and optimization of DIBs in the future.Here,we summarize the development process and working mechanism of DIBs and exhaustively categorize the latest research of DIBs anode materials and their applications in different battery systems.Moreover,the structural design,reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance of anode materials are briefly discussed.Finally,the fundamental challenges,potential strategies and perspectives are also put forward.It is hoped that this review could shed some light for researchers to explore more superior anode materials and advanced systems to further promote the development of DIBs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179108)the Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2020GXLH-Z-032)+2 种基金the Doctoral Re-search Start-up Fund project of Xi’an Polytechnic University(No.107020589)the Shaanxi Provincial High-Level Talents Introduction Project(Youth Talent Fund)the Performance subsidy fund for Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province,China(No.22567627H).
文摘Organic contaminants have posed a direct and substantial risk to human wellness and the environment.In recent years,piezo-electric catalysis has evolved as a novel and effective method for decomposing these contaminants.Although piezoelectric materials offer a wide range of options,most related studies thus far have focused on inorganic materials and have paid little attention to organic materi-als.Organic materials have advantages,such as being lightweight,inexpensive,and easy to process,over inorganic materials.Therefore,this paper provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in the research on piezoelectric catalysis using organic materials,high-lighting their catalytic efficiency in addressing various pollutants.In addition,the applications of organic materials in piezoelectric cata-lysis for water decomposition to produce hydrogen,disinfect bacteria,treat tumors,and reduce carbon dioxide are presented.Finally,fu-ture developmental trends regarding the piezoelectric catalytic potential of organic materials are explored.
文摘Renewable energies are of major interest due to their inexhaustible and clean nature, with minimal impact on the environment. Numerous technological pathways exist in this field, each distinguished by the materials used and their implementation principles. However, the cost-efficiency ratio remains a significant challenge for researchers. Currently, organic materials are gaining popularity due to their relatively low cost. However, their performance, particularly in terms of conversion efficiency, still requires improvements. This study focuses on optimizing the organic photovoltaic cell ITO/MoO3/CARAPA/PCBM/Alq3/Al using SCAPS. Several parameters were considered, such as layer thickness, recombination center density, and doping, to improve the cell’s performance. The optimal parameters obtained include an efficiency of 3%, a fill factor of 81.67%, an open-circuit voltage of 1610 mV, and a short-circuit current of 2.28 mA/cm2. The study also revealed that doping the phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) layer has a significant impact on efficiency and short-circuit current, improving these parameters up to a certain point before causing degradation due to increased recombination. Furthermore, high doping of the tri (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) layer improves performance up to a critical threshold, after which degradation is also observed. In contrast, doping the molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) layer does not have a notable impact on cell performance. Regarding the thickness of the active Carapaprocera (CARAPA) and PCBM layers, non-optimal values lead to a decrease in performance. Similarly, an optimal thickness of the Alq3 layer significantly improves efficiency. These results highlight the importance of parameter optimization to maximize the efficiency of organic solar cells.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to present the results of investigations on quasi-one-dimensional organic crystals of tetrathiotetracene-tetracyanoquinodi- methane (TTT(TCNQ)<sub>2</sub>) from the prospective of thermoelectric applications. The calculations were performed after analytical expressions, obtained in the frame of a physical model, more detailed than the model presented earlier by authors. The main Hamiltonian of the model includes the electronic and phonon part, electron-phonon interactions and the impurity scattering term. In order to estimate the electric charge transport between the molecular chains, the physical model was upgraded to the so-called three-dimen- sional (3D) physical model. Numeric computations were performed to determine the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, thermoelectric power factor and thermoelectric figure-of-merit as a function on charge carrier concentrations, temperatures and impurity concentrations. A detailed analysis of charge-lattice interaction, consisting of the exploration of the Peierls structural transition in TCNQ molecular chains of TTT(TCNQ)<sub>2</sub> was performed. As result, the critical transition temperature was determined. The dispersion of renormalized phonons was examined in detail.