Catalytic Transformation of Oxygenated Organic Compounds into Pure Hydrogen

The continual growth in transportation fuels and more strict environmental legislations have led to immense interest in developing green biomass energy. In this work, a proposed catalytic transformation of oxygenated organic compounds （related to bio-oil） into pure hydrogen was desighed, involving the catalytic reforming of oxygenated organic compounds to hydrogen- rich mixture gas followed by the conversion of CO to CO2 via the water gas reaction and the removal of CO2. The optimization of the different reforming catalyst, the reaction conditions as well as various sources of oxygenated organic compounds were investigated in detail. The production of pure hydrogen, with the H2 content up to 99.96% and the conversion of 97.1%, was achieved by the integrated catalytic transformation. The reaction pathways were addressed based on the investigation of decomposition, catalytic reforming, and the water gas reaction.

Study on Migration and Transformation Rule of Organic Pollutants (COD) in Aerated Zone

Collecting waste water with a certain c onc entration of organic pollutants COD (chemical oxygen demand), static adsorption, static biodegradation and dynamic soil column experiments were made in laborato ry, we researched migration and transformation of COD in aerated zone, and put f orward a mathematical model showing the process. The results show that adsorptio n of organism in aerated zone is linear, which is represented by Henry's law s =K dc+s d, adsorption coefficient K d=0.069 3; biodegradati on diagram accord basically with first order kinetics equation c=c 0e -K 1t , biodegradation coefficient K 1 = 0.049 9 d -1 ; dispersio n coefficient D= 0.002 42 m 2/d in experiments. The migration and transform ation of organic pollutants (COD) in aerated zone jointly result from many f actors such as dispersion, adsorption and biodegradation etc..

One-year observation of the mixing states of oxygenated organics-containing single particles in Guangzhou,China

Oxygenated organic molecules(OOMs)play an important role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs),but the mixing states of OOMs are still unclear.This study investigates the mixing states of OOM-containing single particles from the measurements taken using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in Guangzhou,China in 2022.Generally,the particle counts of OOM particles and the mass concentration of secondary organic carbon(SOC)exhibited similar temporal trends throughout the entire year.The OOM particles were consistently enriched in secondary ions,including ^(16)O^(−),^(26)CN^(−),^(46)NO_(2)^(−),^(62)NO_(3)^(−),and ^(97)HSO_(4)^(−).In contrast,the number fractions and diurnal patterns of OOM particles among the total detected particles showed similar distributions in August and October;however,the SOC ratios in fine particulate matter were quite different,suggesting that there were different mixing states of single-particle oxygenated organics.In addition,further classification results indicated that the OOM particles were more aged in October than August,even though the SOC ratios were higher in August.Furthermore,the distribution of hydrocarbon fragments exhibited a notable decrease from January to October,emphasizing the more aged state of the organics in October.In addition,the sharp increase in elemental carbon(EC)-OOM particles in the afternoon in October suggests the potential role of EC in the aging process of organics.Overall,in contrast to the bulk analysis of SOC mass concentration,the mixing states of the OOM particles provide insights into the formation process of SOAs in field studies.

Wall losses of oxygenated volatile organic compounds from oxidation of toluene:Effects of chamber volume and relative humidity

Vapor wall losses can affect the yields of secondary organic aerosol.The effects of surfaceto-volume(S/V)ratio and relative humidity(RH)on the vapor-wall interactions were investigated in this study.The oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs)were generated from toluene-H_(2)O_(2)irradiations.The average gas to wall loss rate constant(k_(gw))of OVOCs in a 400 L reactor(S/V=7.5 m^(-1))is 2.47(2.41 under humid conditions)times higher than that in a 5000 L reactor(S/V=3.6 m-1)under dry conditions.In contrast,the average desorption rate constant(k_(wg))of OVOCs in 400 L reactor is only 1.37(1.20 under humid conditions)times higher than that in 5000 L reactor under dry conditions.It shows that increasing the S/V ratio can promote the wall losses of OVOCs.By contrast,the RH effect on k_(gw)is not prominent.The average k_(gw)value under humid conditions is almost the same as under dry conditions in the 400 L(5000 L)reactor.However,increasing RH can decrease the desorption rates.The average k_(wg)value under dry conditions is 1.45(1.27)times higher than that under humid conditions in the 400 L(5000 L)reactor.The high RH can increase the partitioning equilibrium timescales and enhance the wall losses of OVOCs.

Recent progress on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the monitoring of coal quality and unburned carbon in fly ash

Our recent progress on developments of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （L[BS） based equipments for on-line monitoring of pulverized coal and unburned carbon （UC） level of fly ash are reviewed. A fully software-controlled LIBS equipment comprising a self-cleaning device for on-line coal quality monitoring in power plants is developed. The system features an automated sampling device, which is capable of elemental （C, Ca, Mg, Ti, Si, H, Al, Fe, S, and organic oxygen） and proximate analysis （Qad and Aad） through optimal data processing methods. An automated prototype LIBS apparatus has been developed for possible application to power plants for on-line analysis of UC level in fly ash. New data processing methods are proposed to correct spectral interference and matrix effects, with the accuracy for UC level analysis estimated to be 0.26%.

Extracts of passion fruit peel and seed of Passiflora edulis(Passifloraceae) attenuate oxidative stress in diabetic rats

This study was aimed at evaluating the anti-diabetic potential of passion fruit Passiflora edulis(EPE) extracts in diabetic rats, following Streptozotocin(STZ) induced oxidative stress. Thirty adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups, with six rats in each group. The control rats were injected intraperitoneally with citrate buffer(pH 4.5). The remaining groups of rats were administered single dose of 45 mg·kg-1 of STZ by intraperitoneal route to induce diabetes. The diabetic animals were treated with 250 and 500 mg·kg-1 of EPE and glibenclamide 0.6 mg·kg-1 for fifteen days by oral route. Blood glucose, end organ oxidative stress marker, and anti-oxidants were assayed. Further, histopathological investigation of pancreas was studied at the end of the experimentation. The results revealed that subacute administration of EPE significantly(P < 0.001) controlled the blood glucose level in the diabetic rats. In addition, EPE extract protected the end organs by restoring the anti-oxidants enzyme, significantly increasing super oxide dismutase level(SOD) and decreasing catalase(CAT) and TBARS level in visceral organs. In conclusion, that EPE extracts showed anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant potential against streptozotocin-induced diabetes.