Degradation and biocompatibility of one-step electrodeposited magnesium thioctic acid/magnesium hydroxide hybrid coatings on ZE21B alloys for cardiovascular stents

Constructing a functional hybrid coating appears to be a promising strategy for addressing the poor corrosion resistance and insufficient endothelialization of Mg-based stents.Nevertheless,the steps for preparing composite coatings are usually complicated and time-consuming.Herein,a novel composite coating,composed of bioactive magnesium thioctic acid(MTA)layer formed by deposition and corrosion-resistant magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)_(2))layer grown in situ,is simply fabricated on ZE21B alloys via one-step electrodeposition.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)shows that the electrodeposited coating has a compact and uniform structure.And the high adhesion of the MTA/Mg(OH)_(2)hybrid coating is also confirmed by the micro-scratch test.Electrochemical test,scanning kelvin probe(SKP),and hydrogen evolution measurement indicate that the hybrid coating effectively reduces the degradation rate of Mg substrates.Haemocompatibility experiment and cell culture trial detect that the composite coating is of fine biocompatibility.Finally,the preparation mechanism of MTA/Mg(OH)_(2)hybrid coatings is discussed and proposed.This coating shows a great potential application for cardiovascular stents.

Fabrication of branch-like Aph@LDH-MgO material through organic-inorganic hybrid conjugation for excellent anti-corrosion performance

Layered double hydroxides(LDH)frameworks have shown significant enhancement in stability and reusability,and their tailorable architecture brings new insight into the development of the next generation of hybrid materials,which attracted considerable attention in many fields over the years.One of the factors contributing to the widespread applicability of layered double hydroxides is their adaptable composition,which can accommodate a wide spectrum of potential anionic guests.This exceptional property makes the LDH system simple to adjust for various applications.However,most LDH systems are synthesized in situ in an autoclave at high temperatures and pressures that severely restrict the industrial use of such coating systems.In this study,LDH was directly synthesized on a magnesium alloy that had undergone plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)treatment in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,thereby avoiding the use of hydrothermal autoclave conditions.This LDH system was compared with a hybrid architecture consisting of organic-inorganic self-assembly.An organic layer was fabricated on top of the LDH film using 4-Aminophenol(Aph)compound,resulting in a smart hierarchical structure that can provide a robust Aph@LDH film with excellent anti-corrosion performance.At the molecular level,the conjugation characteristics and adsorption mechanism of Aph molecule were studied using two levels of theory as follows.First,Localized orbit locator(LOL)-πisosurface,electrostatic potential(ESP)distribution,and average local ionization energy(ALIE)on the molecular surface were used to highlight localization region,reveal the favorable electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks,and clearly explore the type of interactions that occurred around interesting regions.Second,first-principles based on density functional theory(DFT)was applied to study the hybrid mechanism of Aph on LDH system and elucidate their mutual interactions.The experimental and computational analyses suggest that the highπ-electron density and delocalization characteristics of the functional groups and benzene ring in the Aph molecule played a leading role in the synergistic effects arising from the combination of organic and inorganic coatings.This work provides a promising approach to design advanced hybrid materials with exceptional electrochemical performance.

Colorless to black switching with high contrast ratio via the electrochemical process of a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite

Colorless‐to‐black switching has attracted widespread attention for smart windows and multifunctional displays because they are more useful to control solar energy.However,it still remains a challenge owing to the tremendous difficulties in the design of completely reverse absorptions in transmissive and colored states.Herein,we report on an electrochemical device that can switch between colorless and black by using the electrochemical process of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite MAPbBr_(3),which shows a high integrated contrast ratio of up to 73%from 400 to 800 nm.The perovskite solution can be used as the active layer to assemble the device,showing superior transmittance over the entire visible region in neutral states.By applying an appropriate voltage,the device undergoes reversible switching between colorless and black,which is attributed to the formation of lead and Br_(2)in the redox reaction induced by the electron transfer process in MAPbBr_(3).In addition,the contrast ratio can be modulated over the entire visible region by changing the concentration and the applied voltage.These results contribute toward gaining an insightful understanding of the electrochemical process of perovskites and greatly promoting the development of switchable devices.

Effects of Different Seed Coating Agents on the Quality of"Grey-matter"Hybrid Rice Seeds

[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable mixed seed coating agents for improving the quality of"grey-matter"hybrid rice seeds.[Methods]Three different mixed seed coating agents(A,B,C)were used to coat the seeds of two varieties(Taiyou 390 and Zhenliangyou 8612)of hybrid rice with different"grey-matter"content(5%,15%,25%),and the results were investigated and compared.[Results]The combinations of treatment B(seed coating agent A+Linong)and treatment C(Manshijin+seed coating agent A)could significantly improve indexes including seed germination potential,germination rate,seed vigor,seedling height,fibrous roots and fresh weight of the two varieties with a"grey-matter"content greater than 15%,but had no significant effects on main root length,dry weight,leaf number and tiller number,and the effects of treatment B was better than those of treatment C.That is to say,mixed seed coating agent B(seed coating agent A+Linong)was suitable for use as a seed coating agent to improve the quality of"grey-matter"seeds.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference plan for the safe use of mixed seed batches with"grey-matter"deterioration.

Syntheses and Characterizations of Two New Organic-inorganic Hybrids Based on Heteropolymolybdates and Piperidine Molecules

Two new organic-inorganic compounds [（CH2）5NH2]3[PMo12O40]·3[（CH2）NH] 1 and [（CH2）5NH2]6[P2Mo18O62]·5H2O 2 have been synthesized using conventional and hydrothermal methods, respectively, and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analyses show that in these compounds heteropolymolybdates [PMo12O40]^3- and [P2Mo18O62]^6- are reserved their Keggin or Dawson structures and linked to piperidine through electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions.

Effects of Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation on Atomic Oxygen Erosion of Polysiloxane/SiO_2 Hybrid Coatings

Polysiloxane/SiO2 hybrid coatings have been prepared on Kapton films by a sol-gel process. The erosion resistance of polysiloxane/Si02 （20 wt pct） coating was evaluated by exposure tests of vacuum ultraviolet radiation （VUV） and atomic oxygen beam （AO） in a ground-based simulation facility. The experimental results indicate that this coating exhibits better AO resistance than pure polysiloxane coating. The erosion yield （Ey） of the polysiloxane/Si02 （20 wt pct） hybrid coating is about 10-27 cm3/atom, being one or two orders of magnitude lower than that of polysiloxane. VUV radiation can affect the erosion process greatly. Under simultaneous AO and VUV exposure, the value of Ey of the polysiloxane/5iO2 （20 wt pct） hybrid coating increases by 3g% compared with that under single AO exposure.

Preparation of polythiophene/WO_3 organic-inorganic hybrids and their gas sensing properties for NO_2 detection at low temperature

Polythiophene/WO3（PTP/WO3）organic-inorganic hybrids were synthesized by an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method,and char- acterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）and thermo-gravimetric analysis（TGA）.The Polythiophene/ WO3 hybrids have higher thermal stability than pure polythiophene,which is beneficial to potential application as chemical sensors.Gas sensing measurements demonstrate that the gas sensor based on the Polythiophene/WO3 hybrids has high response and good selectivity for de- tecting NO2 of ppm level at low temperature.Both the operating temperature and PTP contents have an influence on the response of PTP/WO3 hybrids to NO2.The 10 wt%PTP/WO3 hybrid showed the highest response at low operating temperature of 70-C.It is expected that the PTP/WO3 hybrids can be potentially used as gas sensor material for detecting the low concentration of NO2 at low temperature.

An Organic-inorganic Hybrid Assembly Based on Novel Arsenatomolybdate and Cu~Ⅰ-Organic Units

A novel organic-inorganic hybrid arsenatomolybdate based on infrequent[AsMoO(OH)]unit,[Cu ~I(phen)][AsMoO(OH)]·3HO(1,phen=1,10-phenanthroline),has been hydrothermally synthe-sized.This structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis,and further characterized by elemental analysis,and IR and UV spectra.To the best of our knowledge,it is the first report of a novel arsenatomolybdate subunit[AsMoO(OH)].Photoluminescence of 1 is ascribed to???*emission of the aromatic rings derived from the phen ligand.

Recent advances in atomic imaging of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites

Three-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites(OHPs)hold a great prospect for photovoltaic applications due to their outstanding electronic and optical properties.These fascinating properties of OHPs in combination with their scalable and low-cost production make OHPs promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic devices.The ability to obtain atomistic insights into physicochemical properties of this class of materials is crucial for the future development of this field.Recent advances in various scanning probe microscopy techniques have demonstrated their extraordinary capability in real-space imaging and spectroscopic measurements of the structural and electronic properties of OHPs with atomic-precision.Moreover,these techniques can be combined with light illumination to probe the structural and optoelectronic properties of OHPs close to the real device operation conditions.The primary focus of this review is to summarize the recent progress in atomic-scale studies of OHPs towards a deep understanding of the phenomena discovered in OHPs and OHP-based optoelectronic devices.

Investigation of anti-corrosion property of hybrid coatings fabricated by combining PEC with MAO on pure magnesium

Novel hybrid coatings on pure magnesium were prepared by combining plasma electrolytic carburizing(PEC)with micro-arc oxidation(MAO)to further enhance the anti-corrosion property in this paper.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe the microstructure of the coatings,meanwhile,energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were separately used to investigate the elemental as well as phase compositions of the coatings.The anti-corrosion property of the coatings was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curves as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The results show that PEC process is closely related with the effects of adsorption as well as diffusion of the activated carbon atoms,and it can provide a favorable pretreatment surface with predesigned chemical composition to obtain a new kind of phase,namely Si C with superior corrosion resistance and chemical stability,in the following PEC+MAO hybrid coatings.Meanwhile,PEC preprocessing also can afford an excellent micro-structure to increase the coating thickness as well as to improve the compactness of the PEC+MAO hybrid coatings.During the fabrication process of the PEC+MAO hybrid coatings,an overlapping phenomenon in regard to coating thickness can be observed instead of heaping up layer by layer.Compared with both single PEC surface modification layers as well as single MAO coatings,the PEC+MAO hybrid coatings exhibit more superior anti-corrosion property.Especially,the EIS data reveal that the PEC+MAO hybrid coatings can act as an effective protection system to provide relatively excellent long-range anti-corrosion protection.Note also that employing same MAO technique for both single MAO treatment as well as PEC+MAO combining procedure is the key to this research.

Effect of carbon on microstructure of CrAlC_xN_(1-x) coatings by hybrid coating system

A systematic investigation of the microstructure of CrAlCxN1-x coatings as a function of carbon contents was conducted. Quaternary CrAlCxN1-x coatings were deposited on Si wafers by a hybrid coating system combining an arc-ion plating technique and a DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique using Cr and Al targets in the Ar/N2/CH4 gaseous mixture. The effect of carbon content on microstructure of CrAlCxN1-x coatings was investigated with instrumental analyses of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the carbon content of CrAlCxN1-x coatings linearly increases with increasing CH4/(CH4/N2) gas flow rate ratio. The surface roughness of the CrAlCxN1-x coating layer decreases with the increase of carbon content.

Synthesis and characterization of luminescent organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite from polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS)-based organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite(EF-POSS) was prepared by Pt-catalyzed hydrosilylation reaction of octahydridosilsesquioxane(T_8H_8,POSS) with a luminescent substituted acetylene(2- ethynyl-7-(4-(4-methylstyryl)styryl)-9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene(EF)) in high yield.The hybrid nanocomposite was soluble in common solvents such as CH_2Cl_2,CHCl_3,THF and 1,4-dioxane.Its structure and property were characterized by FTIR, NMR,TGA,UV and PL,respectively.The results show that the hybrid nanocomposite with high thermal stability emits stable blue light as a result of photo excitation and possesses high photoluminescence quantum efficiency(φ_(FL)).

Efficient removal of U(VI) from wastewater by a sponge-like 3D porous architecture with hybrid electrospun nanofibers

Removal of uranium(VI)from nuclear wastewater is urgent due to the global nuclear energy exploitation.This study synthesized novel sponge-like 3D porous materials for enhanced uranium adsorption by combining electrospinning and fibrous freeze-shaping techniques.The materials possessed an organic-inorganic hybrid architecture based on the electrospun fibers of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)and SiO_(2).As a sup-porting material,the surface of fibrous SiO_(2) could be further functionalized by cyano groups via(3-cyanopropyl)triethoxysilane.All the cyano groups were turned into amidoxime(AO)groups to obtain a amidoxime-functionalized sponge(PAO/SiO_(2)-AO)through the subsequent ami-doximation process.The proposed sponge exhibited enhanced uranium adsorption performance with a high removal capacity of 367.12 mg/g,a large adsorption coefficient of 4.0×10^(4)mL/g,and a high removal efficiency of 97.59%.The UO_(2)^(2+)adsorption kinetics perfectly conformed to the pseudo-second-order reaction.The sorbent also exhibited an excellent selectivity for UO_(2)^(2+) with other interfering metal ions.2023 Hohai University.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

Recent progress of hybrid cathode interface layer for organic solar cells

Organic solar cells(OSCs)have gained conspicuous progress during the past few decades due to the development of materials and upgrading of the device structure.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the single-junction device had surpassed 19%.The cathode interface layer(CIL),by optimizing the connection between the active layer and the cathode electrode,has become a momentous part to strengthen the performances of the OSCs.Simultaneously,CIL is also indispensable to illustrating the working mechanism of OSCs and enhancing the stability of the OSCs.In this essay,hybrid CILs in OSCs have been summarized.Firstly,the advancement and operating mechanism of OSCs,and the effects and relevant design rules of CIL are briefly concluded;secondly,the significant influence of CIL on enhancing the stability and PCE of OSCs is presented;thirdly,the characteristics of organic hybrid CIL and organic-inorganic hybrid CIL are introduced.Finally,the conclusion and outlook of CIL are summarized.

Effect of H_2 dilution on the structure and properties of nc-CrC/a-C:H coatings deposited by a hybrid beams system

Nanocomposite Cr C/hydrogenated amorphous carbon(nc-CrC/a-C:H) coatings were deposited by a hybrid beams system comprised of a hollow cathode ion source and a cathodic arc ion-plating unit with varying H_2 flow rates. The influences of H_2 flow rates on the morphologies, microstructures, and properties of the coatings were systematically studied. The morphologies and microstructures of the coatings were characterized by SEM, AFM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, GIXRD, and HRTEM. The mechanical and tribological properties were measured by a nano-indenter, scratch tester, and ball-ondisk tribometer. The wear tracks were evaluated using 3D profilometer, optical microscope, and EDS analysis. It has been found that a moderate H_2 flow rate can effectively smooth the surface, enlarge the fraction of a sp^3 bond, and improve the properties. The coating exhibits the highest hardness and elastic modulus at the H_2 flow rate of 40 sccm. A superior combination of adhesion strength,friction coefficient, and wear resistance can be achieved at the H_2 flow rate of 80 sccm.

Structural investigation of the zirconium-titanium based amino trimethylene phosphonate hybrid coating on aluminum alloy

A zirconium-titanium based amino trimethylene phosphonate hybrid coating on AA6061 aluminum alloys was formed by dipping in a fluorotitanate/zirconate acid and amino trimethylene phosphonic acid （ATMP） solution for improving the lacquer adhesion and corrosion resistance as a substitute of chromate coatings. The morphology and structure of the hybrid coating were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The surface composition and structure characteristics were also investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and Fourier transformation infra-red spectroscopy （FTIR）. The results of SEM and AFM show that the hybrid coating present piece particle distribution which is much denser than that of the zirconium-titanium coating. The results of XPS and FTIR indicate that the hybrid coating is a hybrid composite structure composed of both the zirconium-titanium and amino trimethylene phosphonate coatings.

Preparation and properties of a POSS-containing organic-inorganic hybrid crosslinked polymer

A novel POSS-containing organic-inorganic hybrid crosslinked polymer was prepared by hydrosilylation reaction of octahydridosilsesquioxane （TsHs） with 4,4＇-bis（4-altyloxybenzoyloxy）phenyl （diene A）. Its structure and property was characterized by FFIR, 29Si NMR, TGA and ellipsometer, respectively. The results show that the hybrid polymer possesses high thermal stability and low dielectric constant of 1.97 at optical frequencies.

Organic-inorganic Hybrid Materials Based on Piperidine Derivatives and Semi-conductive Metal Iodine

Reactions of piperidine derivatives 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine(4-AMPD) and 1-methylpiperidin-4-amine(1-MPDA) with semi-conductive metal iodine SbI3 and PbI2 in concentrated HI aqueous solution afforded two one-dimensional(1 D) chain compounds [(4-AMPD)SbI5]n(1), [(1-MPDA)SbI5]n(2) and a two-dimensional(2 D) single layered organicinorganic hybrid material [(1-MPDA)PbI4]n(3), which were confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, infrared(IR) spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD). Simultaneously, compounds 1~3 exhibit strong emission peaks at 600 nm for 1 and 2 and 570 nm for 3, which were originated from their inorganic moieties.

Synthesis and Characterization of Layered Perovskite-type Organic-inorganic Hybrids(CnH2n+1NH3)2(CH3NH3)m-1PbmI3m+1(n=5-10,m=1,2)

Layered organic-inorganic hybrids（CnH2n＋1NH3）2（CH3NH3）m-1PbmI3m＋1 containing monolayer（m=1） and bilayer（m=2） perovsikte were synthesized by reactions in solution.The influences of the reactant ratio,solvent,reaction temperature,and reaction time on the structures of the products were investigated.The structures and the properties of the hybrids were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,and ultraviolet and visible（UV） absorption spectroscopy.The XRD patterns and the SEM images demonstrate that the pure bilayer perovskite hybrids are obtained.The UV-vis spectra indicate that the number of the inorganic perovskite layer（m） has greater impact on the band gap than the number of the carbon atoms（n）.The band gap of bilayer hybrids（around 1.9 eV） is significantly less than that of monolayer hybrids（around 2.2 eV）.

Syntheses, Structures and Fluorescent Properties of Two 1D Chain Organic Amines and Metal Iodine Organic-inorganic Hybrid Compounds

Two bifunctional amines, 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine and histamine, were heated with PbI_2 and BiI_3 in concentrated HI aqueous solution to give one-dimensional(1D) organicinorganic hybrid compounds [(C_6H_(16)N_2O)PbI4]n(1) and [(C_(16)H_(20)N_(20))Bi_2I_(10)](2), respectively. In 1, the [PbI6] octahedra formed double chain anions through sharing-corner and-edge, and the protonated(C_6H_(16)N_2O)^(2+) cations were located at the vicinity of the double chains by hydrogen bonds. In 2, the [BiI_6] octahedra firstly formed dimeric [Bi_2I_(10)]^(4-) anion through sharing edge, and subsequently, the protonated histamine cations worked as bridge to link alternately with [Bi_2I_(10)]^(4-) anion by hydrogen bonds to form organic-inorganic hybrid 1D chains. In addition, compound 1 emitted a green light at the excitation wavelength of 400 nm and the maximum emission wavelength is at 503 nm.