Screening of Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms and Their Phosphorus Removal Performance

[Objectives]To study the phosphorus removal performance of phosphate accumulating organisms(PAOs).[Methods]Activated sludge from domestic sewage treatment plant was used as the strain source,and phosphate accumulating organisms were screened by plate streaking method and dilution coating plate method.Six kinds of excellent phosphate accumulating organisms were obtained by metachromatic granule staining experiment,total phosphorus experiment and simulated sewage phosphorus removal experiment to assist the observation of bac-terial morphology and experiment of phosphorus removal capacity.In addition,the influencing factors of phosphorus removal capacity(nitrogen source,trace metal ions)were analyzed.[Results]In the case of simulated sewage,the phosphorus removal rate of strain b was the highest,reaching 66.25%,while the phosphorus removal rate of strain e and f was about 10%lower than that of the phosphorus uptake experiment.[Conclusions]This study is expected to provide a theoretical reference for the gradual optimization of the screening method of phosphorus re-moval bacteria in domestic sewage treatment.

Incidence, risk factors and clinical outcome of multidrug-resistant organisms after heart transplantation

BACKGROUND Transplant recipients commonly harbor multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs),as a result of frequent hospital admissions and increased exposure to antimi-crobials and invasive procedures.AIM To investigate the impact of patient demographic and clinical characteristics on MDRO acquisition,as well as the impact of MDRO acquisition on intensive care unit(ICU)and hospital length of stay,and on ICU mortality and 1-year mortality post heart transplantation.METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed 98 consecutive heart transplant patients over a ten-year period(2013-2022)in a single transplantation center.Data was collected regarding MDROs commonly encountered in critical care.RESULTS Among the 98 transplanted patients(70%male),about a third(32%)acquired or already harbored MDROs upon transplantation(MDRO group),while two thirds did not(MDRO-free group).The prevalent MDROs were Acinetobacter baumannii(14%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(12%)and Klebsiella pneumoniae(11%).Compared to MDRO-free patients,the MDRO group was characterized by higher body mass index(P=0.002),higher rates of renal failure(P=0.017),primary graft dysfunction(10%vs 4.5%,P=0.001),surgical re-exploration(34%vs 14%,P=0.017),mechanical circulatory support(47%vs 26%P=0.037)and renal replacement therapy(28%vs 9%,P=0.014),as well as longer extracorporeal circulation time(median 210 vs 161 min,P=0.003).The median length of stay was longer in the MDRO group,namely ICU stay was 16 vs 9 d in the MDRO-free group(P=0.001),and hospital stay was 38 vs 28 d(P=0.006),while 1-year mortality was higher(28%vs 7.6%,log-rank-χ2:7.34).CONCLUSION Following heart transplantation,a predominance of Gram-negative MDROs was noted.MDRO acquisition was associated with higher complication rates,prolonged ICU and total hospital stay,and higher post-transplantation mortality.

Prevalence of Some World Health Organization Priority Organisms from an Abattoir at Kwata, Anambra State, Nigeria

The abattoir is one of the important sectors in the food industry, therefore the need for close monitoring of everything concerning it to minimize microbial contamination. The aim of the study is to identify bacteria listed as WHO priority organisms associated with meat from Kwata abattoir in Awka, Anambra state. The study was carried out over a three (3) months period from September to December 2022. Thirteen samples were collected from the floor, table, water, meat, knife and soil in the abattoir. The samples were cultured using streak and spread plate methods on MacConkey and Cetrimide agar. The isolates were identified with the following biochemical tests: catalase, oxidase, citrate and indole tests. Ampiclox levofloxacin, gentamicin, ofloxacin impenem ceftraixone, cefixime, cefuroxime and nitrofurantoin were used for sensitivity test following Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and biofilm formation was determined using the tube method. The 75 isolates obtained were identified as follows;29.3% E. coli, 26.7% Klebsiella spp., 16% Proteus spp., and 28% Pseudomonas spp. The result of antibiotics sensitivity test interpreted using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints showed that (98%) of the isolates were resistant to the antibiotics used. Test for biofilm formation with 52 isolates showed 31 strong, 12 moderate and 9 weak biofilm formers. The result of this study confirms the presence of bacteria contaminants within the WHO priority list in the abattoir, as such there is need for improved handling of animals. Slaughtering, cleaning and distribution of meat should be done using aseptic procedures. .

Microplastics in Marine Environment: Occurrence, Distribution, and Extraction Methods in Marine Organisms

The pervasive presence of microplastics in marine environments has raised significant concerns. This review addresses the pressing issue of microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems and its potential implications for both the environment and human health. It outlines the current state of microplastic occurrence, distribution, and extraction methods within marine organisms. Microplastics have emerged as a significant environmental concern due to their harmful effects on ecosystems and their potential human health risks. These particles infiltrate marine environments through runoff and atmospheric deposition, ultimately contaminating beaches and posing threats to marine life. Despite the gravity of this issue, there has been limited research on the presence and distribution of microplastics in marine organisms. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by comprehensively examining the occurrence, distribution, and various extraction methods used to detect microplastics in marine organisms. It emphasizes the urgent need for targeted measures to manage microplastic pollution, highlights the significant role of human activities in contributing to this problem, and underscores the importance of reducing human-induced pollution to safeguard marine ecosystems. While this paper contributes to the understanding of microplastic pollution in marine environments and underscores the critical importance of taking action to protect marine organisms and preserve our oceans for future generations, it also emphasizes that, in effectively tackling the microplastic problem, a well-coordinated approach is essential, involving research initiatives, policy adjustments, public involvement, and innovative technologies. Crucially, prompt and resolute responses must exist to counteract the escalating peril posed by microplastics to the oceans and the global environment.

Assessing Earthworm Influence on Remediating Potentials of Soil Micro-Organisms, and Bioavailable Hydrocarbon Pollutant in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

In the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, oil explorations and exploitations abound, causing environmental pollution with serious consequences on soil ecosystem and its biodiversity. In spite of the relationship between microbes and fauna in soil ecosystem, such that both organisms can metabolize certain range of petroleum hydrocarbon substrates with the fauna influencing the remediation potentials of bacteria, yet soil fauna is still not fully considered in bioremediation. The influence of earthworm;Lumbricus terrestris on the remediating potentials of soil bacteria in petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils was investigated. Eighteen pots were filled with 700 g of soil each, with nine treated with mixture of 3 levels crude oil and remediated with earthworm, while the other nine had no earthworm. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), soil physical, nutrient compositions, and TPH degrading bacteria biodiversity were determined before contamination or commencement of study and thirty days after. The results showed a decrease in TPH concentration of 55.58%, 62.57% and 67.07% in 1 ml, 2 ml and 3 ml crude oil contaminated soil, respectively. Species richness and abundance of bacteria organisms increased with high relative abundance in soils remediated with earthworms, hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria increased from less than 0.1 cfu/g to 0.4 cfu/g, and total heterotrophic bacteria 1.6 cfu/g at the end of the study. Earthworms increased rate of remediation potentials of bacteria, such that within 30 days post remediation treatment, 34.14% of reduced concentration was achieved over soil samples without earthworms at 3 ml, and 25.14% at 2 ml concentration. Reduction in pH levels in remediated soils was between 6.39 to 6.17 and 6.74 to 6.72 in unremediated soils, while moisture content was 6.73% to 6.77% unremediated and 5.85% to 6.62% in earthworm remediated soils. Total organic carbon, nitrates in soils inoculated with earthworms were lower in concentration than those without earthworms. Reverse was the case with potassium, phosphate and phosphorous concentrations which were above those without earthworms. Results indicate statistically, significant difference between reduction in TPH in earthworm remediated soils and unremediated soils, pointing out that earthworm is a good candidate for facilitation of bacteria remediation-petroleum hydrocarbon contamination.

Machines,Tools and Tool Transporter Concurrent Scheduling in Multi⁃machine FMS with Alternative Routing Using Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm

This study explored the concurrent scheduling of machines, tools, and tool transporter(TT) with alternative machines in a multi-machine flexible manufacturing system(FMS), taking into mind the tool transfer durations for minimization of the makespan(MSN). When tools are expensive, just a single copy of every tool kind is made available for use in the FMS system. Because the tools are housed in a central tool magazine(CTM), which then distributes and delivers them to many machines, because there is no longer a need to duplicate the tools in each machine, the associated costs are avoided. Choosing alternative machines for job operations(jb-ons), assigning tools to jb-ons, sequencing jb-ons on machines, and arranging allied trip activities, together with the TT’s loaded trip times and deadheading periods, are all challenges that must be overcome to achieve the goal of minimizing MSN. In addition to a mixed nonlinear integer programming(MNLIP) formulation for this simultaneous scheduling problem, this paper suggests a symbiotic organisms search algorithm(SOSA) for the problem’s solution. This algorithm relies on organisms’ symbiotic interaction strategies to keep living in an ecosystem. The findings demonstrate that SOSA is superior to the Jaya algorithm in providing solutions and that using alternative machines for operations helps bring down MSN.

浅议“五脏六腑皆令人不寐,非独心也”

不寐是临床上常见的一种睡眠障碍,长期不寐对人们的工作、生活和学习造成很大的影响,给患者、家庭和社会带来不同程度的隐患和危害。作者查阅古代医家文献及现代诸多学者论文基础上,结合多年临床治疗不寐经验,提出“五脏六腑皆令人不寐,非独心也”观点。文章分别从生理状态、病理变化、中医药治疗等方面就不寐与五脏六腑的管理进行论述,认为生理情况下人体各脏腑各司其职,互相协调,方可正常寤寐。病理情况下,各种因素引起五脏六腑功能失常,直接或间接导致心神不宁、心神失养,阴阳失交,从而产生不寐。因不寐的发病与五脏六腑均有密切联系,故概括为“五脏六腑皆令人不寐,非独心也”。通过探讨不寐与脏腑的关系,旨在拓宽临床不寐中医论治思路,为不寐的中医辨证论治开辟新思路和方案。

涉农高校助力乡村振兴的新型组织模式探索与实践——以吉林农业科技学院为例

乡村振兴战略是党的十九大提出的解决“三农”问题、加快农业农村现代化发展的重要举措。涉农高校在乡村振兴战略实施中具有独特优势,且肩负着重要使命。以吉林农业科技学院为例,提出涉农高校助力乡村振兴战略实施“五结合”新型组织模式,即“线上+线下”“集中+分散”“学校+企业”“项目+成果”“工作站+产业学院”,可为涉农高校服务乡村振兴战略提供借鉴,为乡村振兴发展提供新的思路和方法。

传统知识组织方法的智能力

[目的/意义]通过对传统知识组织方法的体系、规则分析,凝练出传统知识组织方法的智能能力,并将其融入人工智能技术,以增强人工智能信息处理的精准与高效。[方法/过程]文章通过回顾知识组织的发展过程,分析传统知识组织方法的内在结构,深入探讨了传统知识组织方法的机理。[结果/结论]研究认为,知识组织经过数百年的发展演进,能从不同角度去反映各学科的知识体系、学科体系,能从知识多样化的关联建立知识间的语义关系,可采用科学的知识组织方法将不同形式、不同类型、不同结构的知识关联并融合在一起,这些能力为人工智能把握知识体系、探索知识间的关系、推理科学问题中的相关可能性,以及拓展或聚焦知识和词汇、分析事物之间的关系等提供了更加有效的途径。人工智能在信息处理领域的发展应当与知识组织密切配合,充分发挥知识组织的潜在智能力。

党的组织法规法典的规范体系:应然定位、法规构成与立规限度

规范体系的边界划分是编纂党的组织法规法典首先要明确的问题。党的组织法规法典的规范体系可以从党的选举类、组织类、象征标志类和组织工作类法规进行定位,宜选择“中法典”的编纂思路,对党的选举类、组织类和组织工作类法规进行法典化。党的组织法规与其他领域党内法规的调整范围划分是法典规范体系的外在限定,决定着法典规范体系的内容取舍,为此需要厘清党的组织法规与其他领域法规的界限。党的组织法规法典规范体系的立规限度应以法规是否频繁变动、调整领域是否具有局限性、是否具有试行期限、是否属于细密配套性法规、是否在适用主体上具有特定性及适用空间领域具有特定性等为标准进行考量,在此基础上合理界定法典规范体系的立规限度,最终形成边界清晰、规范内容完整和内外协调的党的组织法规法典。

喷施不同浓度海藻叶面肥对茶叶产量和品质的影响

研究不同浓度的海藻叶面肥(Organic-based biostimulant formulas,OBFs)喷施下茶青产量和品质的变化,为红壤区茶树高产优质栽培提供理论指导。在常规施肥的基础上,以不喷施OBFs为对照(T0),在茶园设置5个OBFs叶面肥喷施体积分数0.33%、0.66%、0.99%、1.32%、1.65%,分别记为T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5),研究喷施不同浓度OBFs对茶树嫩叶吸收养分、以及茶产量与品质的影响。结果表明,喷施OBFs可以改善茶树农艺性状、促进嫩叶吸收养分和增产提质。与T0相比,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)处理茶青产量分别增加1.4、1.4、1.3、2.1、2.4倍(P<0.05)。随着OBFs喷施浓度增加,茶青总生物碱、咖啡碱和氨基酸的含量先升后降。与T0相比,T_(1)和T_(2)处理茶青总生物碱分别增加9.6%和9.3%,咖啡碱分别增加9.3%和11.4%,氨基酸含量分别增加5.0%和12.4%(P<0.05)。此外,T_(1)和T_(2)处理下茶青氮含量分别增加5.5%和6.1%,磷含量分别增加19.9%和13.3%,钾含量分别增加20.9%和10.0%;T_(1)处理下茶青硅含量增加14.8%(P<0.05)。茶青产量与芽头密度、百芽重、节间长、叶面积、叶绿素含量均显著正相关;茶青咖啡碱、总生物碱与茶青氮、磷、钾和硅含量呈显著正相关,茶青非必需氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量与茶青氮、磷、钾含量均有显著的正相关关系。综上所述,喷施OBFs可以提高茶青产量,其中以喷施1.65%OBFs茶青产量较高,喷施0.33%、0.66%OBFs可以提高茶树嫩叶氮、磷、钾和硅元素的含量,改善茶树农艺性状,实现茶青产量和品质的双提升。

接种蚯蚓对有机茶园土壤结构及有机碳库的影响

为探讨接种蚯蚓对有机茶园土壤团聚体、孔隙分布及有机碳库的影响,设置375条/m^(2),250条/m^(2),125条/m^(2)三种蚯蚓投放密度,将威廉腔环蚓接种于信阳有机茶园土壤中。结果表明:接种蚯蚓能显著提升>2mm大团聚体的比例而降低<0.25mm粒径的微团聚体的比例;提高水稳性小团聚体(0.25mm≤d≤2mm)比例,但对水稳性大团聚体d>2mm的影响不显著;高密度蚯蚓处理平均重量直径(MWD),平均几何直径(NWD)以及分型维数(D),团聚体破坏率(PAD)显著高于其他密度处理及对照(CK)。接种蚯蚓使得结构性孔隙(土壤颗粒间和团聚体间孔隙)所占比重增加,其中以团聚体间孔隙增加最为显著,其次为颗粒间孔隙,对由粘粒及矿物层间形成的毛管孔隙分布无显著影响;随着接种密度的增加,颗粒间孔隙度变化不显著而团聚体间孔隙度的相对值和绝对值均显著增加。添加蚯蚓能显著增加土壤活性有机库总量。接种密度的增加对活性有机碳库总量影响不大,但对土壤呼吸速率提升较多,故从温室气体排放角度考虑低接种密度更合适。可见,有机茶园中少量接种蚯蚓即能达到改良土壤结构的效果,并能缓解由于采茶造成的土壤压实问题。

有机种植方式对茶园土壤酸碱度的影响

土壤过度酸化是影响茶产业持续健康发展的主要因素之一,为了解有机管理方式对茶园土壤酸碱度的长期影响,以常规茶园为对照,研究了我国18个省份84个产茶县有机管理1~21 a对茶园土壤pH的影响。结果表明,有机茶园比常规茶园土壤pH平均高0.36,达极显著水平;随着有机管理年份的增加,茶园土壤pH总体为先显著上升、后显著下降并维持相对平稳,有机管理1~5、6~10、11~15、16~21 a的pH比常规茶园分别高0.48、0.23、0.28和0.30,均达显著或极显著水平;有机管理方式还有利于土壤pH向最适合茶树生长发育的方向发展,pH 4.5~5.5的茶园占比,常规茶园为41.9%,有机管理1~5、6~10、11~15、16~21 a的茶园分别为53.1%、48.9%、58.7%和66.7%,总体随有机管理年限的增加而增加。可见,有机管理方式能防止茶园土壤严重酸化,使土壤pH向着最适合茶树生长发育的方向发展。

不同类型有机肥对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响

以南粳46为供试水稻品种进行大田小区试验,设置不施氮肥、常规化肥及鸡粪、猪粪、羊粪有机肥等氮量替代50%化肥作基肥处理,共5个处理,探索其对水稻产量、稻米品质的影响。结果表明:与常规化肥处理相比,50%羊粪有机肥处理使水稻产量显著降低,但能够显著提高稻米整精米率和黏度,显著降低稻米垩白粒率、垩白度,并显著降低稻米硬度、消减值、回复值和峰值时间,使稻米品质明显提升。与常规化肥处理相比,不同类型有机肥替代化肥基施均可在整体上降低稻米蛋白质含量,增大稻米胶稠度。但是,不同有机肥处理对大部分稻米品质指标的提升效果未达到显著水平,说明将不同类型有机肥替代化肥作为基肥施用,能够不同程度地提高稻米品质,特别是50%羊粪有机肥处理对稻米品质的改善效果更为明显,但会使水稻产量降低。

新工科背景下有机化学课程教学实践与探索

在新工科背景下,化学专业必修的基础课程有机化学通过进行前沿介绍、难点讲解、结合专业、融入科研和知识拓展等新形式的教学理念,让学生对有机化学产生浓厚的学习兴趣,锻炼学生的自主学习能力,提高有机化学的教学效果。与此同时,在课堂上结合前景回顾、新课导入、知识讲解、师生互动、问题交流、分组讨论等多种授课新模式,利用多元化的学习方法,配合作业讲评、习题训练、在线解答、组织讨论、定期复习等形式的课后巩固,有效提升了教学效果。

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘长7烃源岩地球化学特征与沉积环境

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘出露多处典型长7段页岩剖面,为了加深该区域烃源岩的研究,对35个烃源岩样品开展有机碳含量测定、岩石热解分析、饱和烃气相色谱-质谱分析、微量元素含量测定等测试分析,研究其地球化学特征,分析其有机质来源及沉积环境。结果表明:暗色页岩发育于淡水和还原的半深湖—深湖环境,沉积期气候温暖湿润,适宜生物发育,Mo元素高度富集,指示湖泊富营养化,初级生产力高;物质来源为藻类等低等水生生物和陆地植物的混合来源,但藻类等低等水生生物是主要来源;源岩有机质高度富集,总有机碳(TOC)平均值为23.51%,高于陆相优质烃源岩的丰度标准;有机质以腐泥—混合型为主,生烃潜量S1+S2均值为112.93 mg/g,生烃潜力良好;岩石热解峰温及生物标志化合物参数,指示达到成熟热演化程度,具有勘探潜力。

黑龙江省逊克平原土壤有机碳分布与变化特征

根据1∶25万土地质量地球化学调查取得的有机碳数据,采用单位土壤碳量法计算土壤碳储量,结果显示:逊克平原土壤表层(0~0.2 m)有机碳储量为87.43 Mt,中层(0~1.0 m)为332.70 Mt,深层(0~1.8 m)为457.62 Mt.土壤表层有机碳密度为6.52 kg/m2,中层为24.82 kg/m2,深层为34.14 kg/m2.按地貌、土壤、土地利用和生态系统类型分别计算了土壤有机碳储量和碳密度,并与1986年第二次土壤普查成果比较,显示逊克平原土壤有机碳变化呈碳源效应,全区土壤有机碳减少了8.48 Mt,有机碳密度下降了8.94%.

有组织教研:人工智能环境下教师研修的有序进化

传统教师教研形式因客观性不强、持续性不够、衔接性不足,与时代所需要的高质量教研相悖,影响了教师的专业发展。基于生态进化理论,建构以人工智能技术为教师提供选题、过程支持、资源制度、工具辅助和协同机制的有组织教研模式,以提升教研与教师的个体适配,形成有组织的多主体行动网络,并在有序原理和整体原理的框架下,建构了智能技术支持的教师有组织教研运行模型。有组织教研的关键问题是教师动态需求的系统捕获、内容进化的智能控制、自适应路径的有效调节、研修空间的适应性调整、语义关联的建立,并形成面对理论与实践冲突、转化机制异化、主体与相关要素不适切等问题的处理机制。要实现人工智能支持的有组织教研,需要按照有组织教研的运行建立设计人工智能元平台,布局大数据采集平台,开发教育人工智能的算力,并在制度和理念的双向演进中通过实践进行优化,实现人工智能下教师研修模式的迭代。

长期施用有机肥对半干旱区春小麦产量及其水分利用效率和土壤有机碳的影响

以国家土壤质量安定观测试验站黄绵土区的农田长期定位试验为研究对象,研究长期施用有机肥对半干旱区春小麦产量及其水分利用效率和有机碳的影响。结果表明,连续种植7年春小麦,施肥显著影响小麦产量及其水分利用效率,以化肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)处理效果最好,较单施化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(OM)处理春小麦产量和水分利用效率分别增加了7.18%和7.82%、5.91%和3.83%;在定位施肥初期(前3年),NPKM和NPK处理的效果优于OM,在第4年三者无差异,而第5年及之后,NPKM和OM处理的效果明显好于NPK处理。长期NPKM和OM处理较NPK处理0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳含量分别显著增加了36.88%和31.98%,有机碳储量分别显著增加了31.17%~41.94%和27.80%~35.81%,表层0~10 cm的增加效果显著好于10~20 cm土层。不同施肥处理对0~20 cm土层土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)的影响表现为NPKM>OM>NPK>CK,且差异显著,长期NPKM和OM处理较NPK处理土壤MBC分别显著增加了46.4%和28.7%,长期单施NPK处理可显著增加土壤MBC含量,但对有机碳影响不明显。综上所述,长期NPKM或OM处理可显著增加黄绵土小麦地土壤有机碳和MBC含量,增加有机碳储量,有利于农田土壤固碳增汇,提高小麦产量及其水分利用效率。

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与力学性能预测

本文采用熔融挤出法制备了β成核聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,考察了蒙脱土、β成核剂及增容剂用量对复合材料缺口冲击强度和弯曲强度的影响,并用BP神经网络进行预测。结果表明,增加蒙脱土用量有助于复合材料强度的提高但对韧性不利;随β成核剂用量的增加,复合材料的缺口冲击强度略有增加,而弯曲强度存在最优值,即添加β成核剂0.1%时,弯曲强度达到最大值35.06MPa,较不添加时增加了13.68%;随增容剂用量的增加,复合材料的韧性显著增大而强度有所降低,添加30%增容剂,复合材料的缺口冲击强度较不添加时增加了约3倍,而弯曲强度仅降低了28.39%;BP神经网络预测结果表明,该模型能够比较精确的预测该复合材料的力学性能。该研究对于优化聚丙烯基纳米复合材料制备及改进力学性能预测具有借鉴意义。