Digital humanities affect: The evolution and revolution of spatial information organization in science fiction

The spatial information of literature refers to the representation of physical or conscious space in literary works,including position,shape,structure,features,and relationships.The spatial information organization and its method are essential to the whole process of literature production,circulation,acceptance,and reproduction,which is conducive to a deeper exploration of the aesthetic essence of literature in the information era.Taking the organization of spatial information in science fiction as an example,this paper investigates the way of interaction between informatics and literature,explores the function of spatial information in the narrative of science fiction,and discovers digital humanistic laws of literary information organization.This study finds that the spatial information of early science fiction is organized in horizontal,vertical,axial,and causal modes;in the era of digital humanities,influenced by information technology such as the internet,virtual reality,and artificial intelligence,literary space has experienced revolutions characteristic of time-space integration,boundary dissolution,dimensional change,and virtualization;the spatial information organization of contemporary science fiction adopts nested,reticulated,parallel,interactive,and reverse patterns;on the whole,it is featured with fluidity,chaos,correlation,and mutation,creating a unique digital humanistic spectacle.

初创企业组织共享基模的形成机理研究

组织共享基模代表组织成员对整体任务形成的共同理解及由此产生的共同行动倾向,是组织惯例最核心的构成,也是组织内动力和凝聚力的根本来源。因此,基于组织惯例、个体基模、集体基模等相关理论,从参与完成组织整体任务的核心成员之间的互动范式演化视角,采用具有理论探索和构建功能的探索性案例研究方法,对宏康针织这家初创企业形成共享基模的过程进行研究,将初创企业共享基模的形成过程划分为个体基模形成、局部共享基模形成和集体共享基模形成3个主要阶段,总结提炼各阶段的特点,并构建共享基模形成过程模型。研究结果表明,个体基模、互动范式(管理者之间或员工之间)及权力范式(管理者与员工之间)的演化共同促成初创企业组织集体共享基模的形成;类比迁移是形成个体新基模的重要途径,但新员工个体基模的形成还受管理者指令的影响;个体基模专业化及泛化是形成有效共享基模的基础;角色扮演是形成共享基模的关键。研究结论揭示了初创企业的组织成员在互动中对组织任务形成共同理解即共享基模的形成机理,为初创企业形成内部凝聚力及其早期发展提供实践指导。

Juicy Stories on Female Reproductive Tissue Development: Coordinating the Hormone Flows

In the past 20–30 years,developmental biologists have made tremendous progress in identifying genes required for the specifcation of individual cell types of an organ and in describing how they interact in genetic networks.In comparison,very little is known about the mechanisms that regulate tissue polarity and overall organ patterning.Gynoecia and fruits from members of the Brassicaceae family of fowering plants provide excellent model systems to study organ patterning and tissue specifcation because they become partitioned into distinct domains whose formation is determined by polarity establishment both at a cellular and whole tissue level.Interactions among key regulators of Arabidopsis gynoecium and fruit development have revealed a network of upstream transcription factor activities required for such tissue differentiation.Regulation of the plant hormone auxin is emerging as both an immediate downstream output and input of these activities,and here we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the link between auxin and female reproductive development in plants.In this review,we will also demonstrate how available data can be exploited in a mathematical modeling approach to reveal and understand the feedback regulatory circuits that underpin the polarity establishment,necessary to guide auxin flows.

The cold-induced factor CBF3 mediates root stem cell activity,regeneration,and developmental responses to cold

Plant growth and development involve the specification and regeneration of stem cell niches(SCNs).Although plants are exposed to disparate environmental conditions,how environmental cues affect developmental programs and stem cells is not well understood.Root stem cells are accommodated in meristems in SCNs around the quiescent center(QC),which maintains their activity.Using a combination of genetics and confocal microscopy to trace morphological defects and correlate them with changes in gene expression and protein levels,we show that the cold-induced transcription factor(TF)C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 3(CBF3),which has previously been associated with cold acclimation,regulates root development,stem cell activity,and regeneration.CBF3 is integrated into the SHORT-ROOT(SHR)regulatory network,forming a feedback loop that maintains SHR expression.CBF3 is primarily expressed in the root endodermis,whereas the CBF3 protein is localized to other meristematic tissues,including root SCNs.Complementation of cbf3-1 using a wild-type CBF3 gene and a CBF3 fusion with reduced mobility show that CBF3 movement capacity is required for SCN patterning and regulates root growth.Notably,cold induces CBF3,affecting QC activity.Furthermore,exposure to moderate cold around 10℃–12℃promotes root regeneration and QC respecification in a CBF3-dependent manner during the recuperation period.By contrast,CBF3 does not appear to regulate stem cell survival,which has been associated with recuperation from more acute cold(-4℃).We propose a role for CBF3 in mediating the molecular interrelationships among the cold response,stem cell activity,and development.