It is a great discovery in physics of the twentieth century that the elementary particles in nature are dictated by gauge forces,characterized by a nonintegrable phase factor that an elementary particle of charge q ac...It is a great discovery in physics of the twentieth century that the elementary particles in nature are dictated by gauge forces,characterized by a nonintegrable phase factor that an elementary particle of charge q acquires from A to B points:P exp(iq/hc∫A^(B)A_(μ)dxμ),where Aμis the gauge potential and P stands for path ordering.In a many-body system of strongly correlated electrons,if the so-called Mott gap is opened up by interaction,the corresponding Hilbert space will be fundamentally changed.A novel nonintegrable phase factor known as phase-string will appear and replace the conventional Fermi statistics to dictate the low-lying physics.Protected by the Mott gap,which is clearly identified in the high-Tc cuprate with a magnitude>1.5 e V,such a singular phase factor can enforce a fractionalization of the electrons,leading to a dual world of exotic elementary particles with a topological gauge structure.A non-Fermi-liquid“parent”state will emerge,in which the gapless Landau quasiparticle is only partially robust around the so-called Fermi arc regions,while the main dynamics are dominated by two types of gapped spinons.Antiferromagnetism,superconductivity,and a Fermi liquid with full Fermi surface can be regarded as the low-temperature instabilities of this new parent state.Both numerics and experiments provide direct evidence for such an emergent physics of the Mottness,which lies in the core of a high-Tc superconducting mechanism.展开更多
基金by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0302902)。
文摘It is a great discovery in physics of the twentieth century that the elementary particles in nature are dictated by gauge forces,characterized by a nonintegrable phase factor that an elementary particle of charge q acquires from A to B points:P exp(iq/hc∫A^(B)A_(μ)dxμ),where Aμis the gauge potential and P stands for path ordering.In a many-body system of strongly correlated electrons,if the so-called Mott gap is opened up by interaction,the corresponding Hilbert space will be fundamentally changed.A novel nonintegrable phase factor known as phase-string will appear and replace the conventional Fermi statistics to dictate the low-lying physics.Protected by the Mott gap,which is clearly identified in the high-Tc cuprate with a magnitude>1.5 e V,such a singular phase factor can enforce a fractionalization of the electrons,leading to a dual world of exotic elementary particles with a topological gauge structure.A non-Fermi-liquid“parent”state will emerge,in which the gapless Landau quasiparticle is only partially robust around the so-called Fermi arc regions,while the main dynamics are dominated by two types of gapped spinons.Antiferromagnetism,superconductivity,and a Fermi liquid with full Fermi surface can be regarded as the low-temperature instabilities of this new parent state.Both numerics and experiments provide direct evidence for such an emergent physics of the Mottness,which lies in the core of a high-Tc superconducting mechanism.
